@article {2944,
	title = {A FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSDISCIPLINARY RADIOCARBON RESEARCH: USE OF NATURAL-LEVEL AND ELEVATED-LEVEL -14- C IN ANTARCTIC FIELD RESEARCHABSTRACT},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-10-2021},
	pages = {1555 - 1568},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon (C-14) is an isotopic tracer used to address a wide range of scientific research questions. However, contamination by elevated levels of C-14 is deleterious to natural-level laboratory workspaces and accelerator mass spectrometer facilities designed to precisely measure small amounts of C-14. The risk of contaminating materials and facilities intended for natural-level C-14 with elevated-level C-14-labeled materials has dictated near complete separation of research groups practicing profoundly different measurements. Such separation can hinder transdisciplinary research initiatives, especially in remote and isolated field locations where both natural-level and elevated-level radiocarbon applications may be useful. This paper outlines the successful collaboration between researchers making natural-level C-14 measurements and researchers using C-14-labeled materials during a subglacial drilling project in West Antarctica (SALSA 2018-2019). Our strict operating protocol allowed us to successfully carry out C-14 labeling experiments within close quarters at our remote field camp without contaminating samples of sediment and water intended for natural level C-14 measurements. Here we present our collaborative protocol for maintaining natural level C-14 cleanliness as a framework for future transdisciplinary radiocarbon collaborations.},
	keywords = {AMS, contamination, LEUCINE, radiocarbon},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2021.55},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822221000552/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822221000552},
	author = {Venturelli, Ryan A and Vick-Majors, Trista J and Collins, Billy and Gagnon, Alan and Kasic, Kathy and Kurz, Mark D and Li, Wei and Priscu, John and Roberts, Mark and Rosenheim, Brad E}
}
@article {2782,
	title = {Farming strategies of 1st millennium CE agro-pastoralists on the southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains: A geoarchaeological and macrobotanical investigation of the Mohuchahangoukou (MGK) site, Xinjiang, China},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2019},
	month = {May-06-2019},
	pages = {e0217171},
	abstract = {Archaeological evidence emerging over the past decade clearly illustrates that agro-pastoralists living along the foothills of major mountain chains in Central Asia (the so-called {\textquotedblleft}Inner Asian Mountain Corridor{\textquotedblright} or IAMC) facilitated the spread of domesticated grains through their direct involvement in farming. While the environmental conditions across the northwestern slopes of the IAMC provided adequate resources for incipient farming and herding as early as the mid-3rd mill. BCE, the development of local agricultural strategies on the extremely arid and eroded foothills on the southeastern, leeward side of the mountains remain comparatively less studied. Our study tackles this problem by combining geoarchaeological analysis with conventional macrobotanical identification in the investigation of a 1st-mill. CE agro-pastoralist farming site, Mohuchahangoukou (MGK), located on the arid foothills of the Tianshan range. Our results illustrate how ancient agro-pastoralists at MGK innovated irrigation systems both to combat water shortage and, importantly, to trap sediments carried by flood-water for crop cultivation. By synthesizing currently available data, we estimate that they managed to trap about 40 cm of fine-grained sediment within a span of 200 years or even less. These stone-built field systems helped water a diverse stand of crops and create deeper soils in an otherwise deflated landscape with thin desert soils. Since we detected high levels of salt concentration (>2 dSm-1) in the lower portions of all three test trenches we analyzed, we conclude that soil salinization might have affected the long-term sustainability of this form of irrigated field management. We also infer that, besides engineering efforts, the ancient agro-pastoralists at MGK had to resolve the scheduling conflicts between irrigated farming and animal herding through labor specialization.},
	keywords = {Agricultural irrigation, Agricultural soil science, agriculture, Archaeology, Crops, Geochemistry, Paleopedology, Sediment},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0217171},
	url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217171},
	author = {Li, Yuqi and Storozum, Michael and Tian, Duo and Frachetti, Michael and Su, Kai and Wang, Xin},
	editor = {Islam, Rafiq}
}
@article {2900,
	title = {First record of the extinct ground sloth, Megalonyx jeffersonii, (Xenarthra, Megalonychidae) from New York and contributions to its paleoecology},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {530-531},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-10-2019},
	pages = {42 - 46},
	abstract = {The first record of the Jefferson ground sloth, Megalonyx jeffersonii, in New York is reported. The specimen consists of a partial synsacrum recovered from a peat deposit near Newburgh, Orange County. Compared to other synsacra of Megalonyx, the number of vertebrae is anomalous with one less caudal vertebra than expected. Stable isotope analysis of the bone shows a δ13C value of 20.5{\textperthousand} and implies a diet of only C3 plants. The specimen has a radiocarbon date of 11,450 {\textpm} 55 BP indicating the presence of this taxon in the region immediately prior to the extinction of the North American Pleistocene megafauna.},
	keywords = {Megalonyx jeffersonii, New York, Stable isotopes, Synsacrum},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2018.11.021},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618218303252},
	author = {McDonald, H. Gregory and Feranec, Robert S. and Miller, Norton}
}
@article {2734,
	title = {A fluvially derived flood deposit dating to the Kamikaze typhoons near Nagasaki, Japan},
	journal = {Natural Hazards},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-11-2019},
	pages = {827 - 841},
	abstract = {Previous studies in western Kyushu revealed prominent marine-derived flood deposits that date to the late thirteenth-century and are interpreted to be a result of two legendary typhoons linked to the failed Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281. The regional persistence and prominence of sediments dating to these {\textquotedblleft}Kamikaze{\textquotedblright} typhoon events (meaning divine wind) raise questions about the origins of these late thirteenth-century deposits. This is due in part to uncertainty in distinguishing between tsunami and storm-induced deposition. To provide additional insight into the true cause of prominent late thirteenth-century flood deposits in western Kyushu, we present a detailed assessment of an additional event deposit dating to the late thirteenth-century from Lake Kawahara near Nagasaki, Japan. This particular deposit thickens landward towards the primary river flowing into Lake Kawahara and exhibits anomalously low Sr/Ti ratios that are consistent with a fluvial rather than a marine sediment source. When combined with previous flood reconstructions, results support the occurrence of an extreme, late thirteenth-century event that was associated with both intense marine- and river-derived flooding. Results therefore contribute to a growing line of evidence for the Kamikaze typhoons resulting in widespread flooding in the region, rather than the late thirteenth-century deposit being associated with a significant tsunami impact to western Kyushu.},
	issn = {0921-030X},
	doi = {10.1007/s11069-019-03777-z},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-019-03777-z},
	author = {Ladlow, Caroline and Woodruff, Jonathan D. and Cook, Timothy L. and Baranes, Hannah and Kanamaru, Kinuyo}
}
@article {2715,
	title = {Four centuries of vegetation change in the mid-elevation Andean forests of Ecuador},
	journal = {Vegetation History and Archaeobotany},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-11-2019},
	pages = {679 - 689},
	abstract = {Mid-elevation Andean ecosystems have immense species richness and endemism. Taxonomic composition is known to change through time on the eastern slopes of the Andes as a result of climatic change and disturbance events, both natural and by human actions. Fossil phytoliths can capture local scale vegetation changes, especially among monocotyledonous plants. Phytolith production is high in grasses and palms, plant groups that are particularly sensitive to climatic changes and disturbance events in Andean ecosystems. Here, we reconstruct four centuries of local-scale vegetation change and the corresponding fire history from lake sediment records retrieved from Lagunas Cormor{\'a}n and Chimerella, located at ca. 1,700 m a.s.l. in the mid-elevation Andean forests of eastern Ecuador. The charcoal analysis of the lake sediments showed no sign of past fires, and no evidence of cultivation was found at either lake. The phytolith assemblages indicated changes in the relative abundances of palms, grasses and trees over the last few centuries, suggesting that mid-elevation Andean phytolith assemblages are sensitive to local scale vegetation dynamics. The largest change in vegetation occurred at the end of the Little Ice Age, at which point the diversity of palm phytoliths decreases. These phytolith assemblages are probably responding to changes in the cloud base position through time, which strongly influences the distributions of many plants and animals.},
	issn = {0939-6314},
	doi = {10.1007/s00334-019-00715-8},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00334-019-00715-8},
	author = {Huisman, Seringe N. and Bush, Mark B. and McMichael, Crystal N. H.}
}
@article {2747,
	title = {Four Major Holocene Earthquakes on the Reelfoot Fault Recorded by Sackungen in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jun-03-2020},
	pages = {3105 - 3126},
	abstract = {Three sequences of well-documented, major ~M7+ earthquakes (1811{\textendash}1812, ~1450, and ~900 CE) in the New Madrid seismic zone, USA, contribute significantly to seismic hazard in the region. However, it is unknown whether this <550-year recurrence interval has been constant throughout the Holocene given limited geomorphic evidence of prior earthquakes. We extend the record of paleoearthquakes along the Reelfoot fault via investigation of ridgetop gravitational failure features, interpreted as sackungen. The sackungen occur in bluffs along the eastern margin of the Mississippi River floodplain and are concentrated near (<15 km) the southwest dipping Reelfoot reverse fault. A paleoseismic trench excavated across sackungen at the Paw Paw site exposed four packages of colluvial sediment that postdate 30- to 11-ka Peoria Loess. We interpret the colluvial packages to have been deposited following episodic failure of the sackungen as a result of strong ground motions from the following sequence of earthquakes: event 4, 1640 {\textpm} 1730 BCE; event 3, 270 {\textpm} 670 CE; event 2, 1430 {\textpm} 380 CE; and event 1, 1810 {\textpm} 50 CE (2 sigma). Event timing corresponds to previously documented earthquakes and represents the longest archive of paleoearthquakes on the Reelfoot fault. If the trenched sackungen record all major Reelfoot fault earthquakes, our observations in combination with prior investigations indicate a period of quiescence from at least 11 to 4.4 ka, followed by four major seismic events culminating in the 1811{\textendash}1812 CE sequence. This clustered earthquake recurrence pattern helps place bounds on seismic hazard and geodynamic models in the New Madrid seismic zone.},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JB016806},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JB016806},
	author = {Gold, Ryan D. and DuRoss, Christopher B. and Delano, Jaime E. and Jibson, Randall W. and Briggs, Richard W. and Mahan, Shannon A. and Williams, Robert A. and Corbett, D. Reide}
}
@article {2796,
	title = {A fully automated system for the extraction of in situ cosmogenic carbon-14 in the Tulane University cosmogenic nuclide laboratory},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {455},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-09-2019},
	pages = {284 - 292},
	abstract = {During 2015 and culminating in early 2016, we acquired a new Carbon Extraction and Graphitization System (CEGS) from Aeon Laboratories, L.L.C. (hereafter, {\textquotedblleft}Aeon{\textquotedblright}), and adapted it for in situ cosmogenic sample processing. The Tulane University CEGS (TU-CEGS) is fully automated starting from sample insertion into the tube furnace to generation of graphite material ready for accelerator mass spectrometry cathode preparation. The system implements an integrated sequence of sample processing functions: extraction/collection, purification, measurement, and graphite production, which are all integrated into one unified system. The extraction portion is derived from evolving designs of fusions of quartz via lithium metaborate (LiBO2) flux. A critical analysis of system design in concert with analysis of process parameters yield a nearly order of magnitude increase in sample throughput with total samples processed in our laboratory (320 since installation) with consistent process blank levels (0.98 {\textpm} 0.32 {\texttimes} 105 atoms 14C, n = 26) and secondary standard values (0.4953 {\textpm} 0.0012 Fm, n = 8). In this paper we detail system design, process algorithm, and line performance including system blanks and the results from the CRONUS-A (6.12 {\textpm} 0.32 {\texttimes} 105 atoms g-1 14C, n = 13) interlaboratory comparison material.},
	keywords = {Automation, Cosmogenic nuclide, In situ carbon-14},
	issn = {0168583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2019.02.006},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168583X19300771},
	author = {Goehring, Brent M. and Wilson, Jim and Nichols, Keir}
}
@article {2849,
	title = {Faunal and stable isotopic analyses of benthic foraminifera from the Southeast Seep on Kimki Ridge offshore southern California, USA},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {150},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {92 - 117},
	abstract = {We investigated the benthic foraminiferal faunal and stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of a 15-cm push core (NA075-092b) obtained on a Telepresence-Enabled cruise to the Southeast Seep on Kimki Ridge offshore southern California. The seep core was taken at a depth of 973 m in the vicinity of a Beggiatoa bacterial mat and vesicomyid clams (Calyptogena) and compared to previously published data of living assemblages from ~ 714 m, four reference cores obtained at ~ 1030 m, and another one at 739 m. All of the reference sites are also from the Inner Continental Borderland but with no evidence of methane seepage.

No endemic species were found at the seep site and most of the taxa recovered there have been reported previously from other seep or low oxygen environments. Q- and R-mode cluster analyses clearly illustrated differences in the faunal assemblages of the seep and non-seep sites. The living assemblage at Southeast Seep was characterized by abundant Takayanagia delicata, Cassidulina translucens, and Spiroplectammina biformis, whereas the non-seep San Pedro Basin reference assemblage was comprised primarily of Chilostomella oolina and Globobulimina pacifica. Density and species richness were lower at the seep site compared to the non-seep site, reflecting the harsher living conditions there. The dead assemblage at the seep site was dominated by Gyroidina turgida compared to Cassidulina translucens at the ~ 1030 m non-seep site and Cassidulina translucens, Pseudoparrella pacifica, and Takayanagia delicata at the 739 m non-seep site. Density was three times lower at Southeast Seep than at the non-seep sites of comparable water depth but species richness was ~ 30\% higher. Stable carbon isotopic values were considerably depleted in the seep samples compared to the non-seep samples, with a progression from lightest to heaviest average δ13C values evident at the seep site reflecting microhabitat preference and vital effect: the deep infaunal species of Globobulimina, the shallow infaunal species Uvigerina peregrina, the epifaunal species Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, and the shallow infaunal but aragonite-shelled species Hoeglundina elegans. The δ13C values downcore among each benthic species indicates ongoing fluid seepage through at least the last 3800 cal yr B.P. at Southeast Seep. Besides the continual local seepage, evidence from δ13C values of planktic foraminifera in the seep core suggest two pulses of methane (at 3000 and 3700 cal yr B.P.) were released that were large enough to influence much of the water column. Paired benthic and planktic foraminiferal stable oxygen isotope records provide evidence that there were no paleoenvironmental changes such as increased bottom-water temperature or changes in oxygen isotopic composition of bottom and pore waters during this 3800-year record to induce the methane releases. Instead, Southeast Seep appears to be the result of local faulting providing pathways for fluid to flow to the seafloor at a fault stepover or transpressional bend in the regional strike-slip system.},
	keywords = {Beggiatoa, benthic foraminifera, Calyptogena, Kimki Ridge, Santa Catalina Basin, Southeast Seep, Southern California, stable carbon isotopes},
	issn = {09670645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.01.011},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967064517301509},
	author = {McGann, Mary and Conrad, James E.}
}
@article {2634,
	title = {Fifty-five-year longevity for the largest member of the family Sparidae: the endemic red steenbras <i>Petrus rupestris</i>               from South Africa},
	journal = {African Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Feb-10-2018},
	pages = {343 - 353},
	abstract = {A previous study that explored the age and growth of red steenbras Petrus rupestris (Valenciennes, 1830), a large sparid (family Sparidae, seabreams or porgies) endemic to South Africa and reported to approach 2 m in length, provided estimates as a moderately slow-growing species with a maximum age near 30 years. The stock is considered collapsed and a fishing moratorium was imposed in 2012, resulting in this species being assessed as Endangered by the IUCN. One consideration in addressing population status is validation of life-history traits. In this study, estimates of age for red steenbras from thin-sectioned otoliths were reassessed visually in terms of both the original ages and revised estimates using a different age-reading pattern. The revised ages exceeded the original ages by up to 30 years, with a maximum estimated age of 55 years from a well-defined otolith section that provided a basis for the revised age-reading procedure. Bomb radiocarbon (14C) dating revealed there was an offset in the timing of the 14C rise on the Agulhas Bank that, when coupled with considerations for regional oceanography, provided support for the revised age-reading pattern and an estimated longevity that exceeds 50 years. These findings were further supported by the fortuitous recapture of a tagged red steenbras that was at liberty for 22 years.},
	keywords = {Age validation, bomb radiocarbon dating, Carbon-14, copper steenbras, endangered species, fishery closure, otoliths},
	issn = {1814-232X},
	doi = {10.2989/1814232X.2018.1520148},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/1814232X.2018.1520148https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.2989/1814232X.2018.1520148},
	author = {Andrews, AH and Smale, MJ and Cowley, PD and Chang, N}
}
@article {2898,
	title = {Five Younger Dryas black mats in Mexico and their stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental context},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {59 - 79},
	abstract = {The Younger Dryas interval (YD) was a period of widespread, abrupt climate change that occurred between 12,900 and 11,700 cal yr BP (10,900{\textendash}10,000 14C BP). Many sites in the Northern Hemisphere preserve a sedimentary record across the onset of the YD interval, including sites investigated in sedimentary basins located in central Mexico (Chapala, Cuitzeo, Acambay), the Basin of Mexico (Tocuila), and northern Mexico (El Cedral). Deposits consist of lacustrine or marginal lake sediments that were deposited during the Pleistocene and the Holocene. At the Tocuila and Acambay sites, Pleistocene fossil vertebrate assemblages, mainly mammoths (Mammuthus columbi), are found in association with a distinctive organic layer, sometimes called the black mat that formed during the YD. At the Chapala, Cuitzeo, Acambay, and Tocuila sites the black mats contain a suite of distinctive microscopic and mineralogical signatures and are accompanied by a sharp change in the depositional environments as supported by diatom and pollen studies reported here. The signatures include magnetic, Fe-rich microspherules, silica melted droplets with aerodynamic shapes (tektites), large amounts of charcoal, and sometimes nanodiamonds (Cuitzeo), all of which were deposited at the onset of the YD. The geochemistry of the microspherules indicates that they are not anthropogenic, authigenic or of cosmic or volcanic origin, and instead, were produced by melting and quenching of terrestrial sediments. Here, we present the stratigraphy at five field sites, the analyses of magnetic microspherules, including major element composition and scanning electron microscopy images. All of these materials are associated with charcoal and soot, which are distinctive stratigraphic markers for the YD layer at several sites in Mexico.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-017-9982-y},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10933-017-9982-y},
	author = {Israde-Alc{\'a}ntara, Isabel and Dom{\'\i}nguez-V{\'a}zquez, G. and Gonzalez, S. and Bischoff, J. and West, A. and Huddart, D.}
}
@article {2841,
	title = {Fossil Fuel Combustion Emission From South Asia Influences Precipitation Dissolved Organic Carbon Reaching the Remote Tibetan Plateau: Isotopic and Molecular Evidence},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-06-2019},
	pages = {6248 - 6258},
	abstract = {The dissolved organic carbon in precipitation (water-soluble organic carbon, WSOC) can provide a carbon subsidy to receiving ecosystems. The concentrations, isotopic signatures (δ13C/Δ14C), and molecular signatures (transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry) of WSOC being delivered to Nam Co{\textemdash}a remote site on the inland Tibetan Plateau (TP){\textemdash}were compared to those of WSOC in the snowpack, and in wet deposition from urban cities fringing the TP. The average WSOC concentration at Nam Co (1.0 {\textpm} 0.9 mg C L-1) was lower than for the large cities (1.6 to 2.3 mg C L-1) but higher than in the snowpack samples (0.26 {\textpm} 0.09 mg C L-1). Based upon radiocarbon data, it is estimated that 15 {\textpm} 6\% of Nam Co WSOC was fossil derived, increasing to 20 {\textpm} 8\% for snowpack WSOC, 29 {\textpm} 4\% for Lhasa WSOC, and 34 {\textpm} 8\% for the three cities. Transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry results revealed that the abundance of dissolved black carbon and sulfur-containing molecules of WSOC increased in the order Nam Co < snow pack < urban. The enrichment in 14C and depletion in dissolved black carbon and sulfurous organic molecules of Nam Co WSOC was suggestive of low, but still detectable inputs of fossil-derived organics to WSOC on the remote TP. Backward air mass trajectories for the precipitation events at Nam Co suggested that the fossil fuel contributions to WSOC in Nam Co region originated mainly from South Asia. This study provides novel radiocarbon age, chemistry, and source evidence that anthropogenic WSOC is delivered to the remote TP, one of the most remote regions on Earth.},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JD028181},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2017JD028181},
	author = {Li, Chaoliu and Chen, Pengfei and Kang, Shichang and Yan, Fangping and Tripathee, Lekhendra and Wu, Guangjian and Qu, Bin and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, Mika and Yang, Di and Dittmar, Thorsten and Stubbins, Aron and Raymond, Peter A.}
}
@article {2891,
	title = {Fossil Fuel-Derived Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Taiwan Strait, China, and Fluxes across the Air{\textendash}Water InterfaceFossil Fuel-Derived Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Taiwan Strait, China, and Fluxes across the AirWater Interface},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Mar-07-2018},
	pages = {7307 - 7316},
	abstract = {On the basis of the application of compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) and air{\textendash}water exchange models, the contributions of fossil fuel and biomass burning derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as their air{\textendash}water transport were elucidated. The results showed that fossil fuel-derived PAHs (an average contribution of 89\%) presented the net volatilization process at the air{\textendash}water interface of the Taiwan Strait in summer. Net volatile fluxes of the dominant fluorene and phenanthrene (>58\% of the total PAHs) were 27 {\textpm} 2.8 μg m{\textendash}2 day{\textendash}1, significantly higher than the dry deposition fluxes (average 0.43 μg m{\textendash}2 day{\textendash}1). The Δ14C contents of selected PAHs (fluorene, phenanthrene plus anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) determined by CSRA in the dissolved seawater ranged from -997 {\textpm} 4{\textperthousand} to -873 {\textpm} 6{\textperthousand}, indicating that 89{\textendash}100\% (95 {\textpm} 4\%) of PAHs were supplied by fossil fuels. The South China Sea warm current originating from the southwest China in summer (98\%) and the Min-Zhe coastal current originating from the north China in winter (97\%) input more fossil fuel PAHs than the Jiulong River estuary (90\%) and Xiamen harbor water (93\%). The more radioactive decayed 14C of fluoranthene (a 4-ring PAH) than that of phenanthrene and anthracene (3-ring PAHs) represented a greater fossil fuel contribution to the former in dissolved seawater.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.8b01331},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.8b01331},
	author = {Ya, Miaolei and Xu, Li and Wu, Yuling and Li, Yongyu and Zhao, Songhe and Wang, Xinhong}
}
@article {2885,
	title = {Final Radiocarbon Investigation of Platland Tree, the Biggest African Baobab},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Apr-06-2018},
	pages = {347 - 354},
	abstract = {The article discloses the main results of our new investigation of Platland tree, a.k.a. Sunland baobab, the largest known African baobab. Our recent research was motivated by the three successive splits of 2016 and 2017, which determined the collapse and demise of the stems that have built the main unit of the tree. According to our new findings concerning the architecture of large and old baobabs, we established that Platland tree has a double closed-ring shaped structure and consists of two units/rings that close two separate false cavities. The larger unit was composed of five fused stems, out of which four toppled and died, while the fifth stem is already broken. The smaller unit, which is still standing, consists of three fused stems. We also determined that the larger unit had an age of 800 yr, while the smaller unit is 1100 yr old.},
	issn = {12247154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2017.2.27},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318354222_Final_Radiocarbon_Investigation_of_Platland_Tree_the_Biggest_African_Baobab},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Woodborne, Stephan and Patrut, Roxana T. and Rakosy, Laszlo and Hall, Grant and Ratiu, Ileana-Andreea and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {Kusch201635,
	title = {Factors influencing 14C concentrations of algal and archaeal lipids and their associated sea surface temperature proxies in the Black Sea},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {188},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {35 - 57},
	abstract = {Abstract Understanding the preservation and deposition history of organic molecules is crucial for the understanding of paleoenvironmental information contained in their abundance ratios such as Uk'37 and \{TEX86\} used as proxies for sea surface temperature (SST). Based on their relatively high refractivity, alkenones and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) can survive postdepositional processes like lateral transport, potentially causing inferred \{SSTs\} to be misleading. Likewise, selective preservation of alkenones and \{GDGTs\} may cause biases of the \{SST\} proxies themselves and can lead to decoupling of both proxy records. Here we report compound-specific radiocarbon data of marine biomarkers including alkenones, GDGTs, and low molecular weight (LMW) n-fatty acids from Black Sea sediments deposited under different redox regimes to evaluate the potentially differential preservation of both biomarker classes and its effect on the \{SST\} indices Uk'37 and TEX86. The decadal Δ14C values of alkenones, GDGTs, and \{LMW\} n-fatty acids indicate similar preservation under oxic, suboxic, and anoxic redox regimes and no contribution of pre-aged compounds, e.g., by lateral supply. Moreover, similar 14C concentrations of crenarchaeol, alkenones, and \{LMW\} n-fatty acids imply that the thaumarchaeotal \{GDGTs\} preserved in these sediments are produced in the euphotic zone rather than in subsurface/thermocline waters. However, we observe biomarker-based \{SSTs\} that strongly deviate (ΔSST up to 8.4 {\textdegree}C) from in situ measured mean annual \{SSTs\} in the Black Sea. This is not due to redox-dependent differential biomarker preservation as implied by their Δ14C values and spatial \{SST\} pattern. Since contributions from different sources can largely be excluded, the deviation of the Uk'37 and \{TEX86\} proxy-derived \{SSTs\} from in situ \{SSTs\} requires further study of phylogenetic and other yet unknown environmental controls on alkenone and \{GDGT\} lipid distributions in the Black Sea.},
	keywords = {sea surface temperature proxies, TEX86, Uk37, Uk'37},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.025},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001670371630268X},
	author = {Stephanie Kusch and Janet Rethemeyer and Ellen C. Hopmans and Lukas Wacker and Gesine Mollenhauer}
}
@article {2572,
	title = {Fate of terrigenous organic matter across the Laptev Sea from the mouth of the Lena River to the deep sea of the Arctic interior},
	journal = {Biogeosciences},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {5003 - 5019},
	abstract = {Ongoing global warming in high latitudes may cause an increasing supply of permafrost-derived organic carbon through both river discharge and coastal erosion to the Arctic shelves. Mobilized permafrost carbon can be either buried in sediments, transported to the deep sea or degraded to CO2 and outgassed, potentially constituting a positive feedback to climate change.

This study aims to assess the fate of terrigenous organic carbon (TerrOC) in the Arctic marine environment by exploring how it changes in concentration, composition and degradation status across the wide Laptev Sea shelf. We analyzed a suite of terrestrial biomarkers as well as source-diagnostic bulk carbon isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C) in surface sediments from a Laptev Sea transect spanning more than 800 km from the Lena River mouth (< 10 m water depth) across the shelf to the slope and rise (2000{\textendash}3000 m water depth). These data provide a broad view on different TerrOC pools and their behavior during cross-shelf transport. The concentrations of lignin phenols, cutin acids and high-molecular-weight (HMW) wax lipids (tracers of vascular plants) decrease by 89{\textendash}99 \% along the transect. Molecular-based degradation proxies for TerrOC (e.g., the carbon preference index of HMW lipids, the HMW acids / alkanes ratio and the acid / aldehyde ratio of lignin phenols) display a trend to more degraded TerrOC with increasing distance from the coast. We infer that the degree of degradation of permafrost-derived TerrOC is a function of the time spent under oxic conditions during protracted cross-shelf transport. Future work should therefore seek to constrain cross-shelf transport times in order to compute a TerrOC degradation rate and thereby help to quantify potential carbon{\textendash}climate feedbacks.},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-13-5003-201610.5194/bg-13-5003-2016},
	url = {http://www.biogeosciences.net/13/5003/2016},
	author = {Broder, Lisa and Tesi, Tommaso and Salvad?, Joan A. and Semiletov, Igor P. and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Gustafsson, ?rjan}
}
@article {MilHomens20161211,
	title = {Footprint of roman and modern mining activities in a sediment core from the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {571},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1211 - 1221},
	abstract = {Abstract A 5-m long sediment core (VC2B), retrieved in the Southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf, at 96 m water depth, was used to assess major changes in climate and human activities during the last 9.7 kyrs. Analytical measurements included sedimentological (mean grain size, and the contents of sand, silt and clay), geochemical (major, minor, trace and rare earth elements; REEs) and chronological (210Pb and 14C) parameters. Two episodes of increment of fine-grained particles, occurring at 3050 \{BCE\} and 1350 CE, suggest the retreat of the coast line to the present level and the beginning of a wetter phase associated with the {\textquotedblleft}Little Ice Age{\textquotedblright}. The North American Shale Composite (NASC)-normalized REE-pattern detected in the shelf is similar to that found in the Guadiana estuarine sediments. The possibility of this estuary as a contributor to the sediment load deposited in the adjacent coastal zone was indicated. Trace elements were significantly correlated with Al until 1850 CE, pointing that grain-size rules its distribution in sediments. The depth variation of As, Cu and Pb enrichment factors relative to background values shows two periods of intense human activity that can be mainly linked to mining: (i) across the Roman Period, marked by low enrichments; and (ii) starting on the second half of the 19th century until nowadays with significantly increased enrichments, especially of Pb and Cu. In addition to As, Cu and Pb, this period is also marked by high enrichments of Hg and Zn. Despite the decrease/closure of sulphide massive deposits mining exploitation (e.g., S{\~a}o Domingos, Las Herrerias) during the second half of the 20th century, results showed ongoing input of Pb, Cu, As, Hg and Zn to coastal sediments. Thus, the legacy of contamination by these elements, mainly from leaching of slags and tailings, and remobilization/reworking of contaminated estuarine sediments, is still recorded in marine sediments.},
	keywords = {mining activities, Rare earth elements},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.143},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716315959},
	author = {M{\'a}rio Mil-Homens and Carlos Vale and Filipa Naughton and Pedro Brito and Teresa Drago and B{\'a}rbara Anes and Joana Raimundo and Sabine Schmidt and Miguel Caetano}
}
@inbook {2594,
	title = {Field techniques for sea-level reconstruction - Coastal sediment},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Sea-Level Research},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {218-272},
	chapter = {4},
	abstract = {Measuring sea-level change {\textendash} be that rise or fall {\textendash} is one of the most pressing scientific goals of our time and requires robust scientific approaches and techniques.  This Handbook aims to provide a practical guide to readers interested in this challenge, from the initial design of research approaches through to the practical issues of data collection and interpretation from a diverse range of coastal environments.  Building on thirty years of international research, the Handbook comprises 38 chapters that are authored by leading experts from around the world.  The Handbook will be an important resource to scientists interested and involved in understanding sea-level changes across a broad range of disciplines, policy makers wanting to appreciate our current state of knowledge of sea-level change over different timescales, and many teachers at the university level, as well as advanced-level undergraduates and postgraduate research students, wanting to learn more about sea-level change.},
	issn = {978-1-118-45258-5},
	url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118452585.html},
	author = {Shennan, I. and Long, A.J. and Horton, B.E.}
}
@article {544,
	title = {Forces driving late Pleistocene (ca. 77{\textendash}12 ka) landscape evolution in the Cimarron River valley, southwestern Kansas},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {106-117},
	abstract = {This study presents stratigraphic, geomorphic, and paleoenvironmental (δ13C) data that provide insight into the late Pleistocene landscape evolution of the Cimarron River valley in the High Plains of southwestern Kansas. Two distinct valley fills (T-1 and T-2) were investigated. Three soils occur in the T-2 fill and five in the T-1 fill, all indicating periods of landscape stability or slow sedimentation. Of particular interest are two cumulic soils dating to ca. 48{\textendash}28 and 13{\textendash}12.5 ka. δ13C values are consistent with regional paleoenvironmental proxy data that indicate the prevalence of warm, dry conditions at these times. The Cimarron River is interpreted to have responded to these climatic changes and to local base level control. Specifically, aggradation occurred during cool, wet periods and slow sedimentation with cumulic soil formation occurred under warmer, drier climates. Significant valley incision (~ 25 m) by ca. 28 ka likely resulted from a lowering of local base level caused by deep-seated dissolution of Permian evaporite deposits.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2015.05.003},
	author = {Layzell, Anthony L. and Mandel, Rolfe D. and Ludvigson, Greg A. and Rittenour, Tammy M. and Smith, Jon J.}
}
@article { ISI:000349875300017,
	title = {Freshening of the Marmara Sea prior to its post-glacial reconnection to the Mediterranean Sea},
	journal = {EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS},
	volume = {413},
	year = {2015},
	month = {MAR 1},
	pages = {176-185},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {During the last glaciation the Marmara Sea was isolated from the Mediterranean Sea because global sea level was below the depth of the Dardanelles sill. Prior to the postglacial reconnection to the Mediterranean Sea (similar to 14.7 cal kyr BP), the surface waters of the Marmara Sea were brackish (Marmara Lake). Freshening of a previously saline Marmara Sea could have happened via spill-out of brackish to fresh water from the surface water of the Black Sea through the Bosphorus Strait. This hypothesis has not been tested against alternative possibilities (salt flushing by river run-off and precipitation). Here we use the dissolved Cl- and stable isotope composition (delta O-18 and delta D) of Marmara Sea sediment pore water to estimate the salinity and stable isotope composition of Marmara Lake bottom water and to evaluate possible freshening scenarios. We use a transport model to simulate pore water Cl-, delta O-18 and delta D in Marmara Sea sediments in the past 130 kyr, which includes the last interglacial (130-75 cal kyr BP), the last glacial (75-14 cal kyr BP) and the current postglacial period. Our results show that the bottom waters of the Marmara Lake were brackish (similar to 4 parts per thousand salinity) and isotopically depleted (delta O-18 similar to -10.2 parts per thousand and delta D similar to -70 parts per thousand, respectively) compared to modern seawater. Their salinity and stable isotope ratios show that they are a mixture of Mediterranean waters and Danube-like waters implying that the freshening took place via spill-out of freshwater through the Bosphorus. Our modelling approach indicates that the transit of fresh water from glacial Eurasia to the Mediterranean via the Marmara Sea started at least 50 cal kyr BP, was continuous throughout most of the last glaciation and persisted up to the post glacial reconnection to the Mediterranean through the Dardanelles sill (14.7 cal kyr BP). These results are consistent with previously published micropaleontological and geochemical investigations of sediment cores that indicate lacustrine conditions in the Marmara Sea from about 75 to 14.7 cal kyr BP. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Black Sea outflow, Last glacial maximum, Marmara Lake, pore water isotope composition},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.052},
	author = {Aloisi, G. and Soulet, G. and Henry, P. and Wallmann, K. and Sauvestre, R. and Vallet-Coulomb, C. and Lecuyer, C. and Bard, E.}
}
@article {107,
	title = {First high-resolution marinopalynological stratigraphy of Late Quaternary sediments from the central part of the Bulgarian Black Sea area},
	journal = {Advancing Pleistocene and Holocene climate change research in the Carpathian-Balkan region},
	volume = {293},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2330},
	pages = {170-183},
	abstract = {Spores, pollen and dinoflagellate cysts of Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments were analyzed from Giant Gravity Core 18 from the Black Sea continental slope, recovered from a water depth of 971 m. The investigated length of the core is 203.5 cm. It includes 3 lithological units: light grey clay, sapropels and coccolith-bearing ooze. The core was sampled at 5{\textendash}10 cm intervals. Sampling of the interval 141.5{\textendash}126 cm was carried out at every cm. AMS radiocarbon dating of bulk organic carbon was performed on 18 selected sediment layers. This chronological data allowed the first high-resolution pollen stratigraphy of Late Quaternary sediments from the western Black Sea area to be presented. The percentage spore{\textendash}pollen diagram is divided into 6 local pollen assemblage zones. The trends in the vegetation dynamics and climate changes and the early history of migration of the majority of the arboreal taxa that nowadays occur in the Eastern Balkan Range were traced out. The palynological record suggests that open oak forests were spread in the Eastern Balkan Range at the beginning of the Holocene and shows early migration of the major temperate arboreal species such as Quercus, Ulmus, Tilia and Carpinus betulus. This vegetation palaeosuccession continues with the spreading of mixed oak forests from 8950 until 2620 cal. BP (8650 {\textpm} 40 until 3120 {\textpm} 35 14C BP) followed by destructive changes due to human impact and climate deterioration. A cooling of Holocene climate that is well known in the North Atlantic region as the {\textquotedblleft}8200 yrs cold event{\textquotedblright} is identified for the first time in marine records from the Bulgarian Black Sea area. The assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs were investigated to provide a reconstruction of surface seawater salinity and surface seawater temperature changes. Two main dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, one dominated by fresh- to brackish water species such as Spiniferites cruciformis and Pyxidinopsis psilata and a subsequent one, that is characterized by euryhaline marine Mediterranean species such as Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Spiniferites belerius, Spiniferites bentorii, Operculodinium centrocarpum and acritarchs Cymatiosphaera globulosa testified a change in SSS from low salinity (},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.05.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212003229},
	author = {Filipova-Marinova, Mariana and Pavlov, Danail and Coolen, Marco and Giosan, Liviu}
}
@article {138,
	title = {Fine scale sediment structure and geochemical signature between eastern and western North Atlantic during Heinrich events 1 and 2},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2308},
	pages = {136-150},
	abstract = {Heinrich iceberg-rafting events 1 and 2 (H1 and H2) in the Labrador Sea are identified by their typical nepheloid-flow deposit sedimentary structure, high bulk carbonate, increase in iceberg-rafted detritus (IRD), and depletion of δ18O in the surface-dwelling foraminifer, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s). H-layers in this region have sedimentological characteristics different than those in the North Atlantic, and consist of IRD interspersed in pelagic sediments. High resolution 14C-AMS dates allowed us to delineate the leads and lags in instability between different ice-streams of the former Laurentide ice-sheet (LIS). Our data suggest that the discharge from the Hudson Strait ice-stream was followed by Cumberland Sound ice-sheet during H1 and H2. New radiogenic isotopes from the ice-proximal and surficial sediments of the greater Hudson Strait region and Labrador Sea H0, H1 and H2 layers suggest that carbonate-rich layers were only derived from Hudson Strait, not Baffin Bay. Fine scale structure of H1 and H2 intervals in Labrador Sea slope cores is characterized by two lithic peaks dominated by detrital carbonate grains and a single peak in cores from the central Labrador Sea. A similar pattern in the structure of H1 and H2 is observed along the western European margin. These findings contrast with North Atlantic H1 and H2 intervals, which are characterized by a peak of carbonate-rich grains, followed by a peak of quartz and volcanic grains. This comparison with North Atlantic and western European margin cores leads us to suggest that the coupling or lack thereof, between the LIS and European ice-sheet, is related to the depositional processes occurring along the margins, as well as the distance from the sources and the ability of the oceanic currents to disperse icebergs. Any significant change in ice-sheet dynamics would be recorded close to the ice-sheet margin, while distal locations would only record extreme events. We hypothesize that the discordance between the findings reported in the literature is most likely similar to the difference between the upper slope/deep Labrador sites and the Flemish Pass site described in this contribution but requires vigorous testing.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.026},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112001734},
	author = {Rashid, H. and Saint-Ange, F. and Barber, D. C. and Smith, M. E. and Devalia, N.}
}
@article {224,
	title = {Fire history and human activities during the last 3300 cal yr BP in Spain{\textquoteright}s Central Pyrenees: The case of the Estany de Burg},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {300},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2196},
	pages = {179-190},
	abstract = {The study of macroscopic charcoal particles from peat bogs has led to a better understanding of climate, vegetation and fire history, and human impacts. To determine the relationship between human activities and the role of fire events in vegetation change during the last 3300 cal yr BP, we present the results of a multi-proxy approach based on the analysis of sediment characteristics, sedimentary charcoal, organic matter and pollen, as well as historical sources. This multi-proxy research permits high resolution palaeoenvironmental and fire history reconstruction of a mountain area located in the southern central Pyrenees (Spain). In the Pyrenees, fire is typically attributed to human activities since the beginning of the Bronze Age and may be correlated with slash-and-burn cultivation, metallurgy and pasturing activities. The data indicate a good linkage between high fire signals and Poaceae and Cerealia pollen, which reveals the impact of agro-pastoral practices. This study also shows two periods, 2900{\textendash}2650 cal yr BP and 1850{\textendash}1550 cal yr BP, for which higher frequencies of fire occurred, suggested by high arboreal pollen (AP) concentrations, and confirming the need for arboreal biomass to sustain fires. From the beginning of the Middle Ages, it seems that a change occurred in the anthropogenic use of fire, from a tool for agro-pastoral forest clearance to a means of maintaining open spaces.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.12.023},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018210007480},
	author = {Bal, Marie-Claude and Pelachs, Albert and Perez-Obiol, Ramon and Julia, Ramon and Cunill, Raquel}
}
@article {1830,
	title = {Fire History of a Giant African Baobab Evinced by Radiocarbon Dating},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 1696jn
Times Cited:11
Cited References Count:28
},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {717-726},
	abstract = {The article reports the first radiocarbon dating of a live African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), by investigating wood samples collected from 2 inner cavities of the very large 2-stemmed Platland tree of South Africa. Some 16 segments extracted from determined positions of the samples, which correspond to a depth of up to 15-20 cm in the wood, were processed and analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Calibrated ages of segments are not correlated with their positions in the stems of the tree. Dating results indicate that the segments originate from new growth layers, with a thickness of several centimeters, which cover the original old wood. Four new growth layers were dated before the reference year AD 1950 and 2 layers were dated post-AD 1950, in the post-bomb period. Formation of these layers was triggered by major damage inside the cavities. Fire episodes are the only possible explanation for such successive major wounds over large areas or over the entire area of the inner cavities of the Platland tree, able to trigger regrowth.},
	keywords = {age calibration, bomb c-14 data, bombacaceae, cal kyr bp, southern-hemisphere, system},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Patrut, A. and Mayne, D. H. and von Reden, K. F. and Lowy, D. A. and van Pelt, R. and McNichol, A. P. and Roberts, M. L. and Margineanu, D.}
}
@mastersthesis {1309,
	title = {Foraminiferal indicators of paleoceanographic and sea-ice conditions in the Amundsen Gulf and Viscount Melville Sound, Canadian Arctic},
	volume = {M.Sc.},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010},
	school = {DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY},
	abstract = {Sediment cores were collected from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to reconstruct the region{\textquoteright}s oceanographic and sea ice history via foraminiferal proxies. Foraminiferal species assemblages reflect changes in sea ice cover due to the dissolution of calcareous foraminifera during increased productivity in ice-free waters. The upper five cm of sediment of the core located in the Amundsen Gulf is characterized by a predominantly agglutinated foraminiferal assemblage that spanned the last century, indicative of a seasonally ice-free Amundsen Gulf. In contrast to the recent assemblage, a predominantly calcareous assemblage indicated carbonate preservation within the Amundsen Gulf during a period of perennial ice extending back to the 9th century AD. During the Medieval Warm Period and the Anthropocene, two recent periods of warmer climate, foraminiferal proxies indicated different sea ice regimes. These results suggest that the factors forcing sea ice extent have changed in recent decades.},
	keywords = {Biological oceanography, Environmental science, Paleoclimate Science, Paleontology},
	author = {Gibb, Olivia T.}
}
@article {249,
	title = {FORAMINIFERAL RECORD OF CHANGES IN SUMMER MONSOON PRECIPITATION},
	journal = {Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1974},
	pages = {79-88},
	abstract = {Changes in the oxygen isotopic composition of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber and in the foraminifera faunal composition in a core retrieved from the southeastern Brazilian continental margin were used to infer past changes in the hydrological balance and monsoon precipitation in the western South Atlantic since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The results suggest a first-order orbital (precessional) control on the South American Monsoon precipitation. This agrees with previous studies based on continental proxies except for LGM estimates provided by pollen records. The causes for this disagreement are discussed.},
	doi = {10.4072/rbp.2010.2.01},
	author = {Pivel, M. A. G. and Toledo, F. A. L. and Costa, K. B.}
}
@article {230,
	title = {Freshwater Outburst from Lake Superior as a Trigger for the Cold Event 9300 Years Ago},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {328},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1950; PT: J; UT: WOS:000278318600030},
	pages = {1262-1266},
	abstract = {Paleoclimate proxy records reveal a pervasive cooling event with a Northern Hemispheric extent similar to 9300 years ago. Coeval changes in the oceanic circulation of the North Atlantic imply freshwater forcing. However, the source, magnitude, and routing of meltwater have remained unknown. Located in central North America, Lake Superior is a key site for regulating the outflow of glacial meltwater to the oceans. Here, we show evidence for an similar to 45-meter rapid lake-level fall in this basin, centered on 9300 calibrated years before the present, due to the failure of a glacial drift dam on the southeast corner of the lake. We ascribe the widespread climate anomaly similar to 9300 years ago to this freshwater outburst delivered to the North Atlantic Ocean through the Lake Huron-North Bay-Ottawa River-St. Lawrence River valleys.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1187860},
	author = {Yu, Shi-Yong and Colman, Steven M. and Lowell, Thomas V. and Milne, Glenn A. and Fisher, Timothy G. and Breckenridge, Andy and Boyd, Matthew and Teller, James T.}
}
@article {239,
	title = {From ice age to modern: a record of landscape change in an Andean cloud forest},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 869; 639ND Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:63Y},
	pages = {1637-1647},
	abstract = {Aim},
	issn = {0305-0270},
	doi = {10.1111/J.1365-2699.2010.02318.X},
	author = {Valencia, B. G. and Urrego, D. H. and Silman, M. R. and Bush, M. B.}
}
@article {237,
	title = {Future of the NOSAMS Tandetron AMS system},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {268},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2090; PT: J; CT: 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry; CY: SEP 14-19, 2008; CL: Rome, ITALY; SP: Univ Salento, CEDAD, Second Univ Naples, CIRCE, INNOVA, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, LABEC, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys; UT: WOS:000277462300044},
	pages = {854-857},
	abstract = {The NOSAMS 3 MV Tandetron AMS system will soon reach its 20th anniversary of operation. A critical review of all aspects of the system is necessary to assess the analytical, economical and operational factors that enter into the consideration of either an upgrade or a replacement of the instrument. Recent in-house experience with the design and construction of a large-acceptance (14)C AMS system gives us a benchmark with which to compare the expected outcome of an upgrade. The present ion analysis efficiency of our Tandetron system is roughly 1\%, well below the 4\% value of our new system. This affects the lower limit of analyzable sample size, speed of analysis, exposure to systematic errors, and the upper limit of achievable single-sample counting statistics. At first glance it may seem obvious that a replacement (even at higher cost) would be preferable to an upgrade. However, it will be shown that there are good reasons to consider the latter. One of the most compelling is the fact that the Tandetron is a state-of-the-art and superior high-current accelerator design with minimal signs of aging and very low-maintenance. Ion beam modeling calculations show that the main transmission limitation of the instrument is caused by the design of our injector, a four-magnet "Recombinator", making it difficult to perform reliable AMS with negative currents exceeding 80 mu A. To be acceptable, an upgrade should bring the Tandetron to at least 3\% ion efficiency by replacing the injector with a properly matched high-transmission device. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.048},
	author = {von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {531,
	title = {Field Survey and Geological Effects of the 15 November 2006 Kuril Tsunami in the Middle Kuril Islands},
	journal = {Pure and Applied Geophysics},
	volume = {166},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 831; 418XP Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:46Y},
	pages = {9-36},
	abstract = {The near-field expression of the tsunami produced by the 15 November 2006 Kuril earthquake (M-w 8.1-8.4) in the middle Kuril Islands, Russia, including runup of up to 20 m, remained unknown until we conducted a post-tsunami survey in the summer of 2007. Because the earthquake occurred between summer field expeditions in 2006 and 2007, we have observations, topographic profiles, and photographs from three months before and nine months after the tsunami. We thoroughly surveyed portions of the islands of Simushir and Matua, and also did surveys on parts of Ketoi, Yankicha, Ryponkicha, and Rasshua. Tsunami runup in the near-field of the middle Kuril Islands, over a distance of about 200 km, averaged 10 m over 130 locations surveyed and was typically between 5 and 15 m. Local topography strongly affected inundation and somewhat affected runup. Higher runup generally occurred along steep, protruding headlands, whereas longer inundation distances occurred on lower, flatter coastal plains. Sediment transport was ubiquitous where sediment was available-deposit grain size was typically sand, but ranged from mud to large boulders. Wherever there were sandy beaches, a more or less continuous sand sheet was present on the coastal plain. Erosion was extensive, often more extensive than deposition in both space and volume, especially in areas with runup of more than 10 m. The tsunami eroded the beach landward, stripped vegetation, created scours and trim lines, cut through ridges, and plucked rocks out of the coastal plain.},
	issn = {0033-4553},
	doi = {10.1007/s00024-008-0428-3},
	author = {MacInnes, B. T. and Pinegina, T. K. and Bourgeois, J. and Razhigaeva, N. G. and Kaistrenko, V. M. and Kravchunovskaya, E. A.}
}
@article {347,
	title = {Fine-scale relief related to Late Holocene channel shifting within the floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2216; Source type: scholarlyjournals; Object type: Article; Object type: Feature; CSAUnique: OB-MD-0010477140; AccNum: 11022775; DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x; ISSN: 0037-0746; Peer Reviewed: true},
	pages = {1690-1704},
	abstract = {AbstractErosional and depositional bedforms have been imaged at outcrop scale in the upper Redondo Fan, in the San Pedro Basin of offshore Southern California in greater than or equal to 600 m water depths, using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle is equipped with multibeam and chirp sub-bottom sonars. Sampling and photographic images using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Remotely Operated Vehicle Tiburon provide groundtruth for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle survey. The 0.3 m vertical and 1.5 m lateral bathymetric resolution and 0.1 m sub-bottom profile resolution provide unprecedented detail of bedform morphology and structure. Multiple channels within the Redondo Fan have been active at different times during the Late Holocene (0 to 3000 yr bp). The currently active channel extending from Redondo Canyon makes an abrupt 90 degree turn at the canyon mouth before resuming a south-easterly course along the east side of the Redondo Fan. This channel is floored by sand and characterized by small steps generally},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x},
	author = {Normark, William R. and Paull, Charles K. and Caress, David W. and Ussler Iii, William and Sliter, Ray}
}
@article { ISI:000268272100013,
	title = {Fish scales in sediments from off Callao, central Peru},
	journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {56},
	number = {{16}},
	year = {2009},
	month = {JUL 15},
	pages = {1113-1124},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We study fish scales as a proxy of fish abundance and preservation biases together with phosphorus from fish remains (P(fish)) in a sediment core retrieved off Callao, Peru (12 degrees 1{\textquoteright}S, 77 degrees 42{\textquoteright}W; water depth = 179 m; core length = 52 cm). We interpret our results as a function of changing redox conditions based on ratios of redox-sensitive trace elements (Cu/Al, Mo/Al, Ni/Al, Zn/Al, V/Al), terrigenous indicators (Fe in clays, Ti, Al), and biogenic proxies (CaCO(3), biogenic opal, total nitrogen, organic carbon, barite Ba). The core covers roughly 700 years of deposition, based on (210)Pb activities extrapolated downcore and (14)C dating at selected intervals. Our fish-scale record is dominated by anchovy (Engraulis ringens) scales followed by hake (Merluccius gayii) scales. The core presented an abrupt lithological change at 17 cm (corresponding to the early 19th century). Above that depth, it was laminated and was more organic-rich (10-15\% organic carbon) than below, where the core was partly laminated and less organic-rich (< 10\%). The lithological shift coincides with abrupt changes in dry bulk density and in the contents of terrigenous and redox-sensitive trace elements, biogenic proxies, and fish scales. The remarkable increase in redox-sensitive trace elements in the upper 17 cm of the core suggests more reducing conditions when compared with deeper and older horizons, and is interpreted as an intensification of the oxygen minimum zone off Peru beginning in the early 19th century. Higher fish-scale contents and higher P(fish)/P(total) ratios were also observed within the upper 17 cm of the core. The behavior of biogenic proxies and redox-sensitive trace elements was similar; more reduced conditions corresponded to higher contents of CaCO(3), C(org), total nitrogen and fish scales, suggesting that these proxies might convey an important preservation signal. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Callao, Clupeoid fish, Molybdenum, Oxygen minimum zone, Peru, Redox-sensitive trace elements},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.09.015},
	author = {Diaz-Ochoa, J. A. and Lange, C. B. and Pantoja, S. and De lange, G. J. and Gutierrez, D. and Munoz, P. and Salamanca, M.}
}
@article {290,
	title = {Fishing from past to present: continuity and resilience of red abalone fisheries on the Channel Islands, California},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2060; PT: J; UT: WOS:000266281400008},
	pages = {906-919},
	abstract = {Archaeological data from coastal shell middens provide a window into the structure of ancient marine ecosystems and the nature of human impacts on fisheries that often span millennia. For decades Channel Island archaeologists have studied Middle Holocene shell middens visually dominated by large and often whole shells of the red abalone (Haliotis rufescens). Here we use modern ecological data, historical accounts, commercial red abalone catch records, and zooarchaeological data to examine long-term spatial and temporal variation in the productivity of red abalone fisheries on the Northern Channel Islands, California (USA). Historical patterns of abundance, in which red abalone densities increase from east to west through the islands, extend deep into the Holocene. The correlation of historical and archaeological data argue for long-term spatial continuity in productive red abalone fisheries and a resilience of abalone populations despite dramatic ecological changes and intensive human predation spanning more than 8000 years. Archaeological, historical, and ecological data suggest that California kelp forests and red abalone populations are structured by a complex combination of top-down and bottom-up controls.},
	issn = {1051-0761},
	doi = {10.1890/08-0135.1},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Dayton, Paul K. and Hatch, Marco B. A.}
}
@article {282,
	title = {Fishing up the Food Web?: 12,000 Years of Maritime Subsistence and Adaptive Adjustments on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands},
	journal = {Pacific Science},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2059; PT: J; UT: WOS:000270849400011},
	pages = {711-724},
	abstract = {Archaeologists working on California{\textquoteright}s northern Channel Islands have produced an essentially continuous record of Native American fishing and nearshore ecological changes spanning die last 12,000 years. To search for evidence of Pauly{\textquoteright}s "fishing down the foodweb" pattern typical of recent historical fisheries, we analyzed variation in the dietary importance of major marine faunal classes (shellfish, fish, marine mammals) on the islands through time. Faunal data suggest that the Island Chumash and their predecessors focused primarily on low-trophic-level shellfish during the Early and Middle Holocene, before shifting their economic focus to finfish and pinnipeds during the Late Holocene. Replicated in faunal sequences from the adjacent mainland, this trans-Holocene pattern suggests that Native Americans fished Lip the food web, a strategy that may have been more sustainable and had fewer ecological repercussions. Emerging technological data suggest, however, that some of the earliest Channel Islanders focused more heavily on higher-trophic-level animals, including marine mammals, seabirds, and waterfowl. These data emphasize the differences between the primarily subsistence-based foraging strategies of ancient Channel Islanders and the globalized market-based fisheries of modern and historic times, with important implications for understanding the long-term evolution and historical ecology of marine ecosystems.},
	issn = {0030-8870},
	doi = {10.2984/049.063.0411},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Braje, Todd J.}
}
@article {382,
	title = {Florida Straits density structure and transport over the last 8,000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 837; YY},
	pages = {3209},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2008PA001717},
	author = {Lynch-Stieglitz, J. and Curry, W. B. and Lund, D. C.}
}
@article {540,
	title = {Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records RID B-5560-2008 RID F-1111-2011},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1989; PT: J; UT: WOS:000262615700002},
	pages = {3-17},
	abstract = {The Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP (NGRIP) contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with a high degree of precision. This climatic event is most clearly reflected in an abrupt shift in deuterium excess values, accompanied by more gradual changes in delta(18)O, dust concentration, a range of chemical species, and annual layer thickness. A timescale based on multi-parameter annual layer counting provides an age of 11 700 calendar yr b2k (before AD 2000) for the base of the Holocene, with a maximum counting error of 99 yr. A proposal that an archived core from this unique sequence should constitute the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period) has been ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences. Five auxiliary stratotypes for the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary have also been recognised. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0267-8179},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.1227},
	author = {Walker, Mike and Johnsen, Sigfus and Rasmussen, Sune Olander and Popp, Trevor and Steffensen, Jorgen-Peder and Gibbard, Phil and Hoek, Wim and Lowe, John and Andrews, John and Bjorck, Svante and Cwynar, Les C. and Hughen, Konrad and Kershaw, Peter and Kromer, Bernd and Litt, Thomas and Lowe, David J. and Nakagawa, Takeshi and Newnham, Rewi and Schwander, Jakob}
}
@article {291,
	title = {Fragmentary Evidence of Great-Earthquake Subsidence during Holocene Emergence, Valdivia Estuary, South Central Chile},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2020; PT: J; UT: WOS:000266181100006},
	pages = {71-86},
	abstract = {A reconnaissance of Holocene stratigraphy beneath fringing marshes of the Valdivia estuary, where an M 9.5 earthquake caused 1-2 m of regional coseismic subsidence in 1960, shows only fragmentary evidence of prehistoric coseismic subsidence. In most of the 150 hand-driven cores that were examined, a distinct unconformity separates 0.5-1.5 m of late Holocene tidal and floodplain mud, peat, and sand from underlying middle Holocene subtidal mud and sand. At the Las Coloradas site, where stratigraphy is best preserved, two A horizons of marsh and meadow soils abruptly overlain by sand and mud probably record coseismic subsidence shortly followed by tsunamis. The amount of subsidence during the earthquakes proved difficult to reconstruct with a diatom transfer function because of differences between modern and fossil diatom assemblages. Maximum (14)C ages on macrofossils from the two A horizons at the Las Coloradas site of 1.7-1.3 ka and 2.7-1.7 ka allow correlation of the younger horizon with either of two of six (14)C-dated A horizons buried by tsunami sand or post-tsunami tidal sand 200 km to the south at Maullin, and with a lake-wide mass wasting event in Lago Puyehue, 100 km to the southeast. Tidal records of prehistoric coseismic subsidence at Valdivia are scarce because of a sea-level fall of 3-8 m over the past 6000 years, erosion of marsh and meadow soils during subsidence-induced flooding of the estuary, and largely complete land-level recovery during cycles of coseismic subsidence and postseismic uplift.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120080103},
	author = {Nelson, Alan R. and Kashima, Kaoru and Bradley, Lee-Ann}
}
@article {1853,
	title = {From Sheep To (Some) Horses: 4500 Years Of Herd Structure At The Pastoralist Settlement of Begash (southeastern Kazakhstan)},
	journal = {Antiquity},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 834},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {1023-1037},
	author = {Frachetti, M. D. and Benecke, N.}
}
@article {1881,
	title = {Five Crescents from Cardwell: Context and Chronology of Chipped Stone Crescents at CA-SMI-679, San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2065},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {35-46},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J.}
}
@article {1874,
	title = {Forty years later: What have we learned about the earliest human occupations of Santa Rosa Island, California?},
	journal = {North American Archaeologist},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2078},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {37-64},
	author = {Reeder, Leslie A. and Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M.}
}
@article {1362,
	title = {Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of scarps of the Lake Creek-Boundary Creek fault between the Elwha River and Siebert Creek, Clallam County, Washington},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 433},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Personius, S. F. and Buck, Jason and Bradley, L. A. and Wells, R. E. and Schermer, E. R.}
}
@article {390,
	title = {Flux and age of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A carbon isotopic study of the five largest arctic rivers RID C-4087-2009 RID C-5396-2008},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2033; PT: J; UT: WOS:000250704000002},
	pages = {GB4011-GB4011},
	abstract = {The export and Delta C-14-age of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined for the Yenisey, Lena, Ob{\textquoteright}, Mackenzie, and Yukon rivers for 2004 - 2005. Concentrations of DOC elevate significantly with increasing discharge in these rivers, causing approximately 60\% of the annual export to occur during a 2-month period following spring ice breakup. We present a total annual flux from the five rivers of similar to 16 teragrams (Tg), and conservatively estimate that the total input of DOC to the Arctic Ocean is 25 - 36 Tg, which is similar to 5-20\% greater than previous fluxes. These fluxes are also similar to 2.5 x greater than temperate rivers with similar watershed sizes and water discharge. Delta C-14-DOC shows a clear relationship with hydrology. A small pool of DOC slightly depleted in Delta C-14 is exported with base flow. The large pool exported with spring thaw is enriched in D14C with respect to current-day atmospheric Delta C-14-CO2 values. A simple model predicts that similar to 50\% of DOC exported during the arctic spring thaw is 1 - 5 years old, similar to 25\% is 6 - 10 years in age, and 15\% is 11 - 20 years old. The dominant spring melt period, a historically undersampled period, exports a large amount of young and presumably semilabile DOC to the Arctic Ocean.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GB002934},
	author = {Raymond, Peter A. and McClelland, J. W. and Holmes, R. M. and Zhulidov, A. V. and Mull, K. and Peterson, B. J. and Striegl, R. G. and Aiken, G. R. and Gurtovaya, T. Y.}
}
@article {584,
	title = {Flux and fate of Yangtze river sediment delivered to the East China Sea},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2007},
	note = {244vyTimes Cited:286Cited References Count:84},
	month = {Mar 30},
	pages = {208-224},
	abstract = {Numerous cores and dating show the Yangtze River has accumulated about 1.16 x 10(12) t sediment in its delta plain and proximal subaqueous delta during Holocene. High-resolution seismic profiling and coring in the southern East China Sea during 2003 and 2004 cruises has revealed an elongated (similar to 800 km) distal subaqueous mud wedge extending from the Yangtze River mouth southward off the Zhejiang and Fujian coasts into the Taiwan Strait. Overlying what appears to be a transgressive sand layer, this distal clinoform thins offshore, from similar to 40 in thickness between the 20 and 30 m water depth to < 1-2 in between 60 and 90 m water depth, corresponding to an across shelf distance of less than 100 km. Total volume of this distal mud wedge is about 4.5 x 10(11) m(3), equivalent to similar to 5.4 x 10(11) t of sediment. Most of the sediment in this mud wedge comes from the Yangtze River, with some input presumably coming from local smaller rivers. Thus, the total Yangtze-derived sediments accumulated in its deltaic system and East China Sea inner shelf have amounted to about 1.7 x 10(12) t. Preliminary analyses suggest this longshore and across-shelf transported clinoform mainly formed in the past 7000 yrs after postglacial sea level reached its mid-Holocene highstand, and after re-intensification of the Chinese longshore current system. Sedimentation accumulation apparently increased around 2000 yrs BP, reflecting the evolution of the Yangtze estuary and increased land erosion due to human activities, such as fanning and deforestation. The southward-flowing China Coastal Current, the northward-flowing Taiwan Warm Current, and the Kuroshio Current appear to have played critical roles in transporting and trapping most of Yangtze-derived materials in the inner shelf, and hence preventing the sediment escape into the deep ocean. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0169-555x},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.03.023},
	author = {Liu, J. P. and Xu, K. H. and Li, A. C. and Milliman, J. D. and Velozzi, D. M. and Xiao, S. B. and Yang, Z. S.}
}
@article {1941,
	title = {Flooding of Bering Strait and Holocene climate in the Chukchi Sea},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 678},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {861-864},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Cook, M. S. and Driscoll, N. W. and Brigham-Grette, J.}
}
@article {669,
	title = {Foraminiferal and sedimentary record of Late Holocene barrier island evolution, Pea Island, North Carolina: The role of storm overwash, inlet processes, and anthropogenic modification},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2006},
	note = {070tkTimes Cited:19Cited References Count:33},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {836-846},
	abstract = {Foraminiferal and sedimentary data, supplemented with geochemical dating and ground-penetrating radar transects, show that the barrier island at Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge just north of Rodanthe, North Carolina, has been dominated by a combination of inlet and overwash processes for at least 1000 years. The stratigraphic record of several vibracores does not preserve every, or even many, overwash events but, instead, is characterized by three to four fining-upward sequences. The last three commence with overwash sand or gravel that is overlain by a variety of finer-grained estuarine, inlet, and marsh deposits. The dynamic nature of this segment of the Outer Banks was muted in the late 1930s by construction of artificial barrier dune ridges, extensive planting of grass and shrubs, and construction of Highway 12 in 1953. Subsequently, the road and barrier dune ridge were rebuilt and relocated several times following storm events.},
	issn = {0749-0208},
	doi = {10.2112/03-0103.1},
	author = {Culver, S. J. and Ames, D. V. and Corbett, D. R. and Mallinson, D. J. and Riggs, S. R. and Smith, C. G. and Vance, D. J.}
}
@conference {1636,
	title = {The formation history of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound Research Conference},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1187},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Groton, CT},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Lewis, R. and Altabet, M.}
}
@article {1004,
	title = {The Fe3+/ΣFe ratios of MORB glasses and their implications for mantle melting},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1578},
	pages = {711-725},
	abstract = {The Fe3+/ΣFe ratio of 104 MORB glasses from the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, and the Red Sea spreading centers have been determined using wet chemical Fe2+ analyses and electron microprobe FeOtotal measurements. The data provide a new estimate for the MORB oxygen fugacity (fO2) of 0.41 {\textpm} 0.43 (1sigma, N = 100) log units below the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer (FMQ), equivalent to a Fe3+/ΣFe = 0.12 {\textpm} 0.02 (1sigma, N = 104). This new fO2 estimate is 0.8 log units more oxidized than the average fO2 proposed by Christie et al. (1986) (FMQ-1.20 {\textpm} 0.44; Fe3+/ΣFe = 0.07 {\textpm} 0.01; N = 87). This slight difference may be related in part to the 3.5\% underestimation of the Fe2+ concentration determined by Christie et al. (1986) compared with this study. MORB oxygen fugacity does not display any significant difference between the three main oceanic domains, or between enriched and depleted MORB. Yet, the iron red-ox state ratio shows a broad increase during fractional crystallization. Detailed study of magmatic suites highlights the lack of systematic Fe3+/ΣFe ratio fractionation during differentiation. Despite the large variations of inferred partial melting degrees (from 5 to 20\%), the present data set does not provide any evidence of Fe3+/ΣFe relationships with partial melting proxies such as Na8.0.

Based on the Fe3+ systematics during partial melting, it is suggested that the oxidation state of MORB reflects a {\textquotedblleft}buffered mantle melting process{\textquotedblright} resulting in the apparent compatible behavior of Fe3+ during partial melting, and in the relatively constant Fe3+/ΣFe ratio irrespective of the extent of melting. This result implies that partial melting processes may be open relative to oxygen. We propose a model where the Fe3+/ΣFe ratio in the melt is buffered during partial melting. The MORB Fe2O3 systematics can be accounted for by using a fO2 of FMQ-1 that is equivalent to the average fO2 reported for abyssal peridotites.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2004.07.026},
	author = {Bezos, Antoine and Humler, Eric}
}
@article {598,
	title = {Fluctuations in export productivity over the last century from sediments of a southern Chilean fjord (44 degrees S)},
	journal = {Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2005},
	note = {975sfTimes Cited:22Cited References Count:53},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {587-600},
	abstract = {Here we present the first reconstruction of changes in surface primary production during the last century from the Puyuhuapi fjord in southern Chile, using a variety of parameters (diatoms, biogenic silica, total organic carbon, chlorins, and proteins) as productivity proxies. Two sediment cores from the head and the center of the fjord were analyzed and compared to gain insights on past changes in productivity in these two different depositional environments. Higher sedimentation rates found at the head of the fjord result from the combination of a shallower water column and a restricted circulation by the occurrence of a sill. Additionally, sediment mixing depths estimated from (210)Pb data suggest that suboxic conditions may dominate the bottom water and the sediment-water interface in this location.Productivity of the Puyuhuapi fjord during the last century was characterized by a constant increase from the late 19th century to the early 1980s, then decreased until the late 1990s, and then rose again to present-day values. The influence of rainfall on productivity was most noticeable during periods of low rainfall, which coincided with decreased overall productivity within the Puyuhuapi fjord. Simultaneous variations in productivity and rainfall in the study area suggest that marine productivity could respond to atmospheric-oceanic interactions at a local scale. At a regional scale, marine productivity of the area may be related to other large-scale processes such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0272-7714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2005.07.005},
	author = {Sepulveda, J. and Pantoja, S. and Hughen, K. and Lange, C. and Gonzalez, F. and Munoz, P. and Rebolledo, L. and Castro, R. and Contreras, S. and Avila, A. and Rossel, P. and Lorca, G. and Salamanca, M. and Silva, N.}
}
@article {1976,
	title = {Foraminiferal isotope anomalies from northwestern Pacific marginal sediments},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2005},
	note = {917qmTimes Cited:9
Cited References Count:48
},
	month = {Apr 12},
	pages = {1525-2027},
	abstract = {[1] We evaluated the influence of methane release from methane hydrate reservoirs in the northwestern Pacific continental margin on stable isotope values. We analyzed stable isotopes of foraminifera from a piston core collected at 1066-m water depth off eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. Carbon isotope signals indicated that planktonic and benthic foraminifera in several glacial sediment layers in the core were highly depleted in C-13; both the planktonic and benthic foraminiferal delta C-13 values ranged from about -10 parts per thousand to -2 parts per thousand. Most foraminiferal tests in these horizons were brown as a result of postdepositional alteration. Foraminiferal oxygen isotopes fluctuated abnormally in the glacial sediment layers, showing small ( about 0.5 parts per thousand) positive shifts relative to normal glacial values. We attributed the positive shifts to authigenic carbonate formation in the foraminiferal tests. The authigenic carbonates have formed when rising methane, from methane hydrate in the sediment, became oxidized as it came in contact with dissolved sulfate near the seafloor. Episodic methane-release events may be associated with great plate-boundary earthquakes with epicenters near the coring site.},
	keywords = {atmospheric processes : paleoclimatology, benthic foraminifera, California, carbon isotopes, corals, Foraminifera, gas-hydrate, kuril trench, marine geology and geophysics : marine sediments : processes and transport, methane hydrate, methane release, northwestern pacific ocean, sea-level record, tokachi-oki earthquake, western north pacific, Younger Dryas},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2004GC000787},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000228479400002},
	author = {Ohkushi, K. and Ahagon, N. and Uchida, M. and Shibata, Y.}
}
@article {1973,
	title = {From Pleistocene mariners to complex hunter-gatherers: the archaeology of the California Channel Islands},
	journal = {Journal of World Prehistory},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 581},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {169-228},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L.}
}
@article {1353,
	title = {Fate of mercury in Long Island Sound},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@inbook {1428,
	title = {Flexible strategies for resource defense on the northern channel islands of California: An agent-based model},
	booktitle = {The Archaeology of Insularity: Examining the Past in Island Environments},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 470},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {21-50},
	publisher = {Greenwood Press},
	organization = {Greenwood Press},
	address = {West Port, CT},
	author = {Kennett, D. J. and Clifford, R.},
	editor = {Fitzpatrick, Scott}
}
@article {484,
	title = {From bedrock to burial: the evolution of particulate organic carbon across coupled watershed-continental margin systems},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 978; 882IA Times Cited:50 Cited References Count:118},
	pages = {141-156},
	abstract = {Deltas sequester nearly half of the organic carbon (OC) buried in the marine environment. The composition of the buried organic matter reflects both watershed and seabed processes. A conceptual model is presented that describes the evolution of particulate organic carbon (POC) as it travels from its terrestrial source to its burial at sea. Alterations to the POC occur primarily in bioactive reservoirs, such as soils and the surface mixed layer (SML) of the seabed, where new organic matter can be added and older material degraded. Bypassing or rapid passage through the reservoirs is a key parameter because it avoids change. The Eel River of northern California and the Amazon River systems illustrate the importance of reservoir transit time and storage in determining the character of POC delivered to the continental margin. The Eel exemplifies a bypass system. Mass-wasting processes on land deliver unaltered bedrock along with OC derived from extant vegetation directly to the river channel without significant storage in soils. Rapid burial on the shelf occurs as a result of flood events. As a consequence, the buried material appears to be a simple mixture of carbon derived from kerogen (bedrock C), and modem terrestrial and marine sources. This is predicted to be a characteristic of the many similar short rivers on active margins that supply >40\% of the fluvial sediment to the world{\textquoteright}s ocean. Extensive storage and processing of OC in lowland soils is a characteristic of the large Amazon watershed. Upland POC compositions are either overprinted or replaced by lowland sources. Upon delivery to the shelf, over half of the riverine POC is lost as a result of residence in sediment layers that are periodically reworked over time scales of days to months. The addition of fresh reactive marine OC, exposure to oxygen, and the regeneration of metal oxidants during resuspension events fuel the oxidation of the niverme organic matter. The nature of the watershed-shelf processes likely produce a complex mixture of organics possessing a continuum of ages and reactivities. The model illustrates the need to develop tools to measure residence times of particles in the various reservoirs so that the behavior of POC can be calibrated as it moves through a sedimentary system. The ultimate goal is to be able to use the organic geochemistry of soils and sediments to quantitatively infer the history of processes that determine both the composition and amount of POC present in different depositional environments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Marchem.2004.06.023},
	author = {Blair, N. E. and Leithold, E. L. and Aller, R. C.}
}
@article {1361,
	title = {Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of the Waterman Point fault, Kitsap County, Washington},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 429},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Johnson, S. Y. and Kelsey, S. K. and Wells, R. E. and Sherrod, B. L. and Bradley, L. A. and Okumura, K. and Bogar, R.}
}
@article {2062,
	title = {Fossil Sources of Ambient Aerosol Carbon Based on 14C Measurements},
	journal = {Aerosol Science and Technology},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1690},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Tanner, R. L. and Parker, W. J. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@article {2106,
	title = {Field and Laboratory data from an earthquake history study of the Toe Jam Hill fault, Bainbridge Island, Washington},
	journal = {U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-60},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 259},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {2 plates and 37 pages},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Johnson, S. Y. and Wells, R. E. and Pezzopane, S. K. and Kelsey, H. M. and Sherrod, B. L. and Bradley, L. A. and Koehler, R. D., III and Bucknam, R. C. and Haugerud, R. A. and LaPrade, W. T.}
}
@article {2107,
	title = {Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of the Toe Jam Hill fault, Bainbridge Island, Washington},
	journal = {U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report},
	volume = {02-60},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 428},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {37 p.},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Johnson, S. Y. and Wells, R. E. and Kelsey, H. M. and Pezzopane, S. K. and Sherrod, B. L. and Bradley, L. A. and Iii, Koehler R. D. and Bucknam, R. C. and Haugerud, R. A. and LaPrade, W. T.}
}
@inbook {1441,
	title = {Foragers of the Congo: the early settlement of the Ituri forest},
	booktitle = {Under the Canopy: The Archaeology of Tropical Rain Forests},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1197},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {93-116},
	publisher = {Rutgers University Press},
	organization = {Rutgers University Press},
	address = {New Brunswick},
	author = {Mercader, J.},
	editor = {Mercader, J.}
}
@conference {1637,
	title = {Fossil sources of PM2.5 aerosol carbon based on 14C measurements},
	booktitle = {PM2.5 and electric power generation: recent findings and implications},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 353},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Pittsburgh, PA},
	author = {Tanner, R. L. and Parkhurst, W. J. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@mastersthesis {1306,
	title = {Fluttuazioni tardo quaternarie dei flussi sedimentari di componenti biogene nel settore pacifico dell{\textquoteright}Oceano Meridionale--Thesis},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001},
	school = {Universita di Balogna},
	address = {Balogna, Italy},
	author = {Focaccia, P.}
}
@inbook {1413,
	title = {Fractionation of the isotopes of carbon and hydrogen in biosynthetic processes},
	booktitle = {Stable Isotope Geochemistry, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1709},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {225-278},
	publisher = {Mineralogical Society of America},
	organization = {Mineralogical Society of America},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	author = {Hayes, John M.},
	editor = {Valley, John W.}
}
@article {820,
	title = {Further evidence of abrupt Holocene drowning of the Black Sea shelf},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {170},
	year = {2000},
	note = {380xeTimes Cited:71Cited References Count:8},
	month = {Nov 15},
	pages = {253-261},
	abstract = {A 1999 survey of the Black Sea continental shelf off the north central Turkish seaport of Sinop using a side-scan sonar, small remotely operated vehicles, and a series of dredge lowerings located, inspected and sampled an exposed high-energy paleoshoreline at a depth of 155 m. Radiocarbon dating of mollusk shells collected from this ancient beach revealed that the marine flooding of the Black Sea took place between 7460 and 6820 yr B.P. tall ages are reported in radiocarbon years, not calendar years, without correction for reservoir age or dendro-calibration) changing it from a lacustrine to marine environment. This relic surface remained in contact with the bottom waters of the Black Sea for a long period of time before being draped by a thin layer of sapropel mud. Wood samples recovered from this same location were very well preserved and yielded dates as old as 3580 yr B.P. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00108-0},
	author = {Ballard, R. D. and Coleman, D. F. and Rosenberg, G. D.}
}
@article {2219,
	title = {Fault slip rates in the modern new madrid seismic zone},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {286},
	year = {1999},
	note = {MuellerChampion
Guccione
Kelson
eng
1999/11/05
Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1135-8.
},
	month = {Nov 05},
	pages = {1135-8},
	abstract = {Structural and geomorphic analysis of late Holocene sediments in the Lake County region of the New Madrid seismic zone indicates that they are deformed by fault-related folding above the blind Reelfoot thrust fault. The widths of narrow kink bands exposed in trenches were used to model the Reelfoot scarp as a forelimb on a fault-bend fold; this, coupled with the age of folded sediment, yields a slip rate on the blind thrust of 6.1 +/- 0.7 mm/year for the past 2300 +/- 100 years. An alternative method used structural relief across the scarp and the estimated dip of the underlying blind thrust to calculate a slip rate of 4.8 +/- 0.2 mm/year. Geometric relations suggest that the right lateral slip rate on the New Madrid seismic zone is 1.8 to 2.0 mm/year.},
	isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.286.5442.1135 },
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550047},
	author = {Mueller, K. and Champion, J. and Guccione, M. and Kelson, K.}
}
@mastersthesis {1330,
	title = {Fluttuazioni tardo quaternarie dei flussi sedimentari di carbonio organico e silice biogena nel settore pacifico dell{\textquoteright}Oceano Meridionale--Thesis},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999},
	school = {Universita di Bologna},
	address = {Bologna, Italy},
	author = {Pianosi, G.}
}
@article {811,
	title = {Fractionation of hydrogen isotopes in lipid biosynthesis},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1999},
	note = {254efTimes Cited:281Cited References Count:26},
	pages = {1193-1200},
	abstract = {Isotopic compositions of carbon-bound hydrogen in individual compounds from eight different organisms were measured using isotope-ratio-monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This technique is capable of measuring D/H ratios at natural abundance in individual lipids yielding as little as 20 nmol of H-2, and is applicable to a wide range of compounds including hydrocarbons, sterols, and fatty acids. The hydrogen isotopic compositions of lipids are controlled by three factors: isotopic compositions of biosynthetic precursors, fractionation and exchange accompanying biosynthesis, and hydrogenation during biosynthesis. delta D values of lipids from the eight organisms examined here suggest that all three processes are important for controlling natural variations in isotopic abundance. n-Alkyl lipids are depleted in D relative to growth water by 113-262 parts per thousand, while polyisoprenoid lipids are depleted in D relative to growth water by 142-376 parts per thousand. Isotopic variations within compound classes (e.g., n-alkanes) are usually less than similar to 50 parts per thousand, but variations as large as 150 parts per thousand are observed among isoprenoid lipids from a single organism. Phytol is consistently depleted in D by up to 50 parts per thousand relative to other isoprenoid lipids. Inferred isotopic fractionations between cellular water and lipids are greater than those indicated by previous studies. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00094-7},
	author = {Sessions, A. L. and Burgoyne, T. W. and Schimmelmann, A. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {2290,
	title = {The first trans-Arctic 14C section: comparison of the mean ages of the deep waters in the Eurasian and Canadian Basins of the Arctic Ocean; in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods},
	volume = {B},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 1751},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {431-437},
	author = {Schlosser, P. and Kromer, B. and Ekwurzel, B. and Bonisch, G. and McNichol, A. and Schneider, R. and von Reden, K. and Ostlund, H. and Swift, J.}
}
@article {2289,
	title = {The first trans-Arctic 14C section: comparison of the mean ages of the deep waters in the Eurasian and Canadian basins fo the Arctic Ocean},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research},
	volume = {123},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 67},
	month = {1997},
	author = {Schlosser, Peter and Kromer, Bernd and Ekwurzel, Brenda and Bonisch, Gerhard and McNichol, Ann and Schneider, Robert and von Reden, Karl and Ostlund, H. G. and Swift, J. H.}
}
@article {721,
	title = {Foraminiferal constraints on very high-resolution seismic stratigraphy and late Quaternary glacial history, New Jersey continental shelf},
	journal = {Palaios},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Xf026Times Cited:19Cited References Count:39},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {249-266},
	abstract = {Internal stratigraphy of a Late Quaternary sediment wedge on the New Jersey outer continental shelf has been investigated using regional and 3-D seismic surveys, sediment cores and foraminiferal biofacies analysis. Results from the study help constrain Late Wisconsinan glacial/deglacial history in this area. Three major reflectors (channels, S and R) define 5 stratigraphic units: S1-modern sediments; S2-sands overlying a channelized surface (Channels reflector); S3-muds, clays and sandy muds below the channelized surface and above reflector S; S4-an unsampled unit between reflectors S and R; and S5-sands underlying reflector R, the fatter surface defining the base of the sediment wedge. Multivariate quantitative analysis delineates four major faunal groups characterizing these stratigraphic units. Faunal patterns are interpreted in terms of modern foraminiferal distributions, planktonic/benthic ratios and faunal abundance patterns. Group A dominates units S2 and S5 and is characterized by Cibicides lobatulus and Cassidulina islandica. The fauna indicates middle neritic water depths, moderate to high current energy, and moderate accumulation rates. Group B dominates unit S3 (muddy unit) and is characterized by Elphidium excavatum s.l., Buccella frigida, Fursenkoina fusiformis and miliolid spp. This fauna represents an environment with no modern analogue on the New Jersey continental shelf reflecting middle neritic, low-energy conditions and the accumulation of predominantly muddy sediments. Group C dominates the modern sediment veneer (unit S1), and its diverse fauna is consistent with modern faunal distributions and environmental conditions. Group D consists of a low-diversity fauna dominated by Fursenkoina fusiformis and Nonionella sp., which characterizes a few samples in unit S3. Environmental conditions are probably similar to those described for faunal group B. The distribution and interpretation of these faunas, combined with preliminary C-14 AMS dates, indicate that the Quaternary history of the outer-shelf sediment wedge involves a middle Wisconsinan unconformity (R), overlain by an unsampled unit (S4) and several meters of mud (S3). This relationship may represent a middle Wisconsinan outwash event. The muddy deposit was later incised by the {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Channels{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} horizon, possibly reflecting the Late Wisconsinan maximum lowering of sea level. This horizon is overlain by sandy transgressive deposits associated with rising sea level, presumably during the Holocene.},
	issn = {0883-1351},
	doi = {10.2307/3515426},
	author = {Lagoe, M. B. and Davies, T. A. and Austin, J. K. and Olson, H. C.}
}
@article {781,
	title = {Fluxes of mantle and subducted carbon along convergent plate boundaries},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vl370Times Cited:137Cited References Count:39},
	month = {Oct 1},
	pages = {2749-2752},
	abstract = {The potential impact of increases in atmospheric CO2 is a topic of considerable controversy. Even though volcanic emission of CO2 may be very small as compared to anthropogenic emissions, evaluation of natural degassing of CO2 is important for any model of the geochemical C cycle and evolution of the Earth{\textquoteright}s atmosphere. We report here the mantle C flux in subduction zones based on He and C isotopes and CO2/He-3 ratios of high-temperature volcanic gases and medium- and low-temperature fumaroles in circum-Pacific volcanic regions. The calculated volcanic C flux of 3.1x10(12) mol/a from subduction zones is larger than the flux of 1.5x10(12) mol/a from mid-ocean ridges, while contributions from the mantle in subduction zone is only 0.30x10(12) mol/a, equivalent to about 20\% of the C flux in mid-ocean ridges. Since the estimated mantle C flux in hot spot regions is insignificant, 0.029x10(12) mol/a, we propose that the global mantle C flux is 1.8x10(12) mol/a in total. The flux, if accumulated over 4.5 billion year of geological time, amounts to 8.3x10(21) mol which agrees well with 9x10(21) mol of the present inventory of C at the Earth{\textquoteright}s surface. This may support a continuous degassing model of C or the idea that subducted C is recycled into the lower mantle.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/96gl02260},
	author = {Sano, Y. and Williams, S. N.}
}
@article {2316,
	title = {Forcing of Atlantic Equatorial and Subpolar Millennial Cycles by Precession},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {274},
	year = {1996},
	note = {McIntyreMolfino
eng
1996/12/13
Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1867-70.
},
	month = {Dec 13},
	pages = {1867-70},
	abstract = {Abundance cycles of the marine alga Florisphaera profunda centered on a period of 7600 carbon-14 years (8400 calendar years) are present in high-resolution records from the equatorial Atlantic spanning 0 to 45,000 years ago. These cycles correlate with Heinrich events 1 through 5, which document rapid changes in continental ice melting around the subpolar North Atlantic. These variations in F. profunda are a direct response to modulation in zonal wind-driven divergence produced by a precessional component of orbital variation during a time of reduced eccentricity modulation.},
	isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.274.5294.1867},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8943191},
	author = {McIntyre, A. and Molfino, B.}
}
@conference {962,
	title = {A first look at changes in Pacific 14C levels between GEOSECS and WOCE},
	booktitle = {International Association for the Physical Sciences of Oceans, General Assembly, 5-12 August 1995, Honolulu, Hawaii},
	volume = {130},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 40},
	month = {1995},
	publisher = { 	International Association for the Physical Sciences of Oceans (IAPSO)},
	organization = { 	International Association for the Physical Sciences of Oceans (IAPSO)},
	address = {Honolulu, Hawaii},
	author = {Key, R. M. and Toggweiler, J. R.}
}
@article {964,
	title = {First results in from Pacific 14C Program},
	journal = {WOCE Notes},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 39},
	pages = {1-8},
	author = {Key, R. M. and Toggweiler, J. R.}
}
