@article {stlaurent_new_2023,
	title = {New insights on black carbon in pelagic Atlantic sediments},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	year = {2023},
	month = {09/2023},
	pages = {104312},
	abstract = {Black carbon (BC) is ubiquitous in pelagic sediments and presumed to have an older radiocarbon age due to long ocean residence times and pre-aging in terrestrial soils. Here, we analyzed sediments from five regions in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean to quantify the black carbon fraction of the total organic carbon pool. Black carbon, derived from the chemothermal oxidation method, comprised between 17 {\textpm} 6\% of the sedimentary organic carbon in the Northwest Argentina Basin and 65 {\textpm} 18\% in the Amazon Delta. Black carbon sediment accumulation rates were six times greater in the Sierra Leone Rise (8.4 {\textpm} 4.1 mg cm-2 kyr-1) compared to the remote Northwest Argentina Basin (1.3 {\textpm} 0.4 mg cm-2 kyr-1), possibly due to enhanced regional atmospheric deposition from annual African grassland fires. The radiocarbon age for BC from subtropical Atlantic sediments were more modern compared to the bulk total organic carbon, and BC source was apportioned as biomass burning byproducts from their stable carbon isotopic signatures and characteristic ratios of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This study demonstrated that subtropical Atlantic Ocean sediments serve as an important sink for young BC.},
	keywords = {Atlantic Ocean, BLACK CARBON, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, radiocarbon, sediments},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2023.104312},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304420323001081},
	author = {St.Laurent, Kari and Cantwell, Mark and Lohmann, Rainer}
}
@article {2951,
	title = {Not all permafrost microbiomes are created equal: Influence of permafrost thaw on the soil microbiome in a laboratory incubation study},
	journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry},
	volume = {167},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-04-2022},
	pages = {108605},
	abstract = {Permafrost is thawing at unprecedented rates, significantly altering landscapes and ecosystem trajectories by changing subsurface conditions, vegetation characteristics, and soil properties. Dormant microbes become active as temperatures rise and permafrost soils warm and thaw. To determine the effects of sample location and warming on the permafrost microbiome, we collected permafrost from five distinct locations within the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory{\textquoteright}s Permafrost Tunnel (PT) near Fairbanks, Alaska and warmed them in a laboratory incubation study. Heterotrophic respiration was continuously monitored and metagenomes were analyzed at select incubation temperatures. Under frozen conditions, microbial respiration rates from different PT locations were similar, ranging from 2 to 12 mg C{\textendash}CO2 kg-1 d-1. During thaw, respiration increased in samples from three PT locations, but remained stable for two locations. Analysis of the shotgun metagenomes showed how the microbial communities and their potential function changed as a function of location and incubation temperature. This indicates a differential response of permafrost microbes based on their origin. These findings have important implications for developing accurate forecasts of microbial community assemblages during thaw in that location should be considered as a strong influencing factor.},
	issn = {00380717},
	doi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108605},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071722000621},
	author = {Barbato, R.A. and Jones, R.M. and Douglas, T.A. and Doherty, S.J. and Messan, K. and Foley, K.L. and Perkins, E.J. and Thurston, A.K. and Garcia-Reyero, N.}
}
@article {2932,
	title = {A NEW RAMPED PYROXIDATION/COMBUSTION FACILITY AT 14 CHRONO, BELFAST: SETUP DESCRIPTION AND INITIAL RESULTS},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Apr-06-2023},
	pages = {1 - 14},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2021.46},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822221000461/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822221000461},
	author = {Keaveney, Evelyn M and Barrett, Gerard T and Allen, Kerry and Reimer, Paula J}
}
@article {2695,
	title = {Neotectonic and Paleoseismic Analysis of the Northwest Extent of Holocene Surface Deformation along the Meers Fault, OklahomaABSTRACT},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-02-2020},
	pages = {49 - 66},
	abstract = {The Meers fault (Oklahoma) is one of few seismogenic structures with evidence for Holocene surface rupture in the stable continental region of North America. The 37-kilometer-long southeast section of the full 54-kilometer-long Meers fault is interpreted to be Holocene active. The 17-kilometer-long northwest section is considered Quaternary active, but not Holocene active.We reevaluate surface expression and earthquake timing of the northwest Meers fault to improve seismic source characterization.We use airborne light detection and ranging and historical stereo paired aerial photos to evaluate the fault scarp and local fault zone geomorphology. In the northwest, complex surface deformation includes fault splays, subtle monoclinal warping, and a minor change in fault strike. We interpret that the along strike transition from surface faulting on the southeast Meers fault to surface folding on the northwest Meers fault occurs at the lithologic contact between Permian Post Oak conglomerate and Hennessey shale. We excavated a paleoseismic trench to evaluate the timing of surface-deforming earthquakes on the northwest section of the fault. The excavation revealed weathered Permian Hennessey shale and an \~{}1{\textendash}2-meter-thick veneer of Holocene alluvial deposits that were progressively deformed during two surface-folding earthquakes likely related to blind fault rupture beneath the site. Repeated onlapping to overlapping stratigraphic sequences and associated unconformities are intimately related to folding events along the monocline. OxCal paleoearthquake age modeling indicates that earthquakes occurred 4704{\textendash}3109 yr B.P. and 5955{\textendash}4744 yr B.P., and that part of the northwest section of the Meers fault is Holocene active. We find the Holocene-active section of the Meers fault should be lengthened 6.1 km to the northwest, to a total Holocene-active fault length of 43 km. Empirical scaling relationships between surface rupture length and magnitude reveal that the fault could generate an Mw 7.0 earthquake.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120180148},
	url = {https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70208517},
	author = {Hornsby, Kristofer T. and Streig, Ashley R. and Bennett, Scott E. K. and Chang, Jefferson C. and Mahan, Shannon}
}
@article {2848,
	title = {A new 30,000-year chronology for rapidly deposited sediments on the Lomonosov Ridge using bulk radiocarbon dating and probabilistic stratigraphic alignment},
	journal = {Geochronology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {81 - 91},
	abstract = {We present a new marine chronostratigraphy from a high-accumulation rate Arctic Ocean core at the intersection of the Lomonosov Ridge and the Siberian margin, spanning the last \~{} 30 kyr. The chronology was derived using a combination of bulk 14C dating and stratigraphic correlation to Greenland ice-core records. This was achieved by applying an appositely developed Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for Bayesian probabilistic alignment of proxy records. The algorithm simulates depositionally realistic alignments that are consistent with the available radiocarbon age estimates and allows deriving uncertainty bands associated with the inferred alignment. Current composite chronologies from this region are reasonably consistent with our age model during the Holocene and the later part of deglaciation. However, prior to \~{} 14 kyr BP they yield too old age estimates with offsets that linearly increase up to \~{} 40 kyr near the onset of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2. Our results challenge the robustness of previous regional chronostratigraphies and provide a new stratotype for correlation of sediment cores from this sector of the Lomonosov Ridge and East Siberian slope. In particular, they call for a re-interpretation of events in recent sea-ice proxy reconstructions (Xiao et al., 2015) inaccurately attributed to MIS 3 and the Last Glacial Maximum.},
	doi = {10.5194/gchron-2-81-2020},
	url = {https://gchron.copernicus.org/articles/2/81/2020/},
	author = {Muschitiello, Francesco and O{\textquoteright}Regan, Matt and Martens, Jannik and West, Gabriel and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan and Jakobsson, Martin}
}
@article {2674,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}New{\textquotedblright} cyanobacterial blooms are not new: two centuries of lake production are related to ice cover and land use},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-06-2020},
	abstract = {Recent cyanobacterial blooms in otherwise unproductive lakes may be warning signs of impending eutrophication in lakes important for recreation and drinking water, but little is known of their historical precedence or mechanisms of regulation. Here, we examined long-term sedimentary records of both general and taxon-specific trophic proxies from seven lakes of varying productivity in the northeastern United States to investigate their relationship to historical in-lake, watershed, and climatic drivers of trophic status. Analysis of fossil pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls) revealed variable patterns of past primary production across lakes over two centuries despite broadly similar changes in regional climate and land use. Sediment abundance of the cyanobacteriumGloeotrichia,a large, toxic, nitrogen-fixing taxon common in recent blooms in this region, revealed that this was not a new taxon in the phytoplankton communities but rather had been present for centuries. Histories ofGloeotrichiaabundance differed strikingly across lakes and were not consistently associated with most other sediment proxies of trophic status. Changes in ice cover most often coincided with changes in fossil pigments, and changes in watershed land use were often related to changes inGloeotrichiaabundance, although no single climatic or land-use factor was associated with proxy changes across all seven lakes. The degree to which changes in lake sediment records co-occurred with changes in the timing of ice-out or agricultural land use was negatively correlated with the ratio of watershed area to lake area. Thus, both climate and land management appeared to play key roles in regulation of primary production in these lakes, although the manner in which these factors influenced lakes was mediated by catchment morphometry. Improved understanding of the past interactions between climate change, land use, landscape setting, and water quality underscores the complexity of mechanisms regulating lake and cyanobacterial production and highlights the necessity of considering these interactions-rather than searching for a singular mechanism-when evaluating the causes of ongoing changes in low-nutrient lakes.},
	keywords = {agriculture, basin morphometry, Cyanobacteria, eutrophication, Gloeotrichia, ice-out, land use, Maine, New Hampshire, paleoecology, Sediment chemistry, watershed},
	issn = {2150-8925},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.v11.610.1002/ecs2.3170},
	url = {https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecs2.3170},
	author = {Ewing, Holly A. and Weathers, Kathleen C. and Cottingham, Kathryn L. and Leavitt, Peter R. and Greer, Meredith L. and Carey, Cayelan C. and Steele, Bethel G. and Fiorillo, Alyeska U. and Sowles, John P.}
}
@article {2780,
	title = {New AMS Dates for Verteba Cave and Stable Isotope Evidence of Human Diet in The Holocene Forest-Steppe, UkraineABSTRACT},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {141 - 158},
	abstract = {Excavations at several locations in Verteba Cave have uncovered a large amount of human skeletal remains in association with faunal bones and Tripolye material culture. We aim to establish radiocarbon (14C) dates for eight sites and to evaluate whether these deposits are singular events, or slow accumulations over time. 14C measurements, along with stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from human and faunal remains, were collected from 18 specimens. Stable isotope values were used to evaluate human and animal diet, and whether freshwater reservoir effects offset measured dates. We found diets of the sampled species had limited to no influence from freshwater resources. Human diet appears to be dominated by terrestrial plants and herbivores. Four new sites were identified as Eneolithic. Comparisons of dates from top and bottom strata for two sites (7 and 20) reveal coeval dates, and we suggest that these deposits represent discrete events rather than slow continuous use. Lastly, we identified dates from the Mesolithic (8490{\textpm}45 BP, 8765{\textpm}30 BP), Iron Age (2505{\textpm}20 BP), Slavic state era (1315{\textpm}25 BP), and Medieval Period (585{\textpm}15 BP), demonstrating periodic use of the cave by humans prior to and after the Eneolithic.},
	keywords = {archaeometry, cave burials, Eastern Europe, funerary ritual, Tripolye culture},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2018.52},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822218000528/type/journal_article},
	author = {Ledogar, Sarah H and Karsten, Jordan K and Madden, Gwyn D and Schmidt, Ryan and Sokohatskyi, Mykhailo P and Feranec, Robert S}
}
@article {2794,
	title = {New Last Glacial Maximum ice thickness constraints for the Weddell Sea Embayment, Antarctica},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-01-2019},
	pages = {2935 - 2951},
	abstract = {We describe new Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice thickness constraints for three locations spanning the Weddell Sea Embayment (WSE) of Antarctica. Samples collected from the Shackleton Range, Pensacola Mountains, and the Lassiter Coast constrain the LGM thickness of the Slessor Glacier, Foundation Ice Stream, and grounded ice proximal to the modern Ronne Ice Shelf edge on the Antarctic Peninsula, respectively. Previous attempts to reconstruct LGM-to-present ice thickness changes around the WSE used measurements of long-lived cosmogenic nuclides, primarily Be-10. An absence of post-LGM apparent exposure ages at many sites led to LGM thickness reconstructions that were spatially highly variable and inconsistent with flow line modelling. Estimates for the contribution of the ice sheet occupying the WSE at the LGM to global sea level since deglaciation vary by an order of magnitude, from 1.4 to 14.1m of sea level equivalent. Here we use a short-lived cosmogenic nuclide, in situ-produced C-14, which is less susceptible to inheritance problems than Be-10 and other long-lived nuclides. We use in situ C-14 to evaluate the possibility that sites with no post-LGM exposure ages are biased by cosmogenic nuclide inheritance due to surface preservation by cold-based ice and non-deposition of LGM-aged drift. Our measurements show that the Slessor Glacier was between 310 and up to 655m thicker than present at the LGM. The Foundation Ice Stream was at least 800m thicker, and ice on the Lassiter Coast was at least 385m thicker than present at the LGM. With evidence for LGM thickening at all of our study sites, our in situ C-14 measurements indicate that the long-lived nuclide measurements of previous studies were influenced by cosmogenic nuclide inheritance. Our inferred LGM configuration, which is primarily based on minimum ice thickness constraints and thus does not constrain an upper limit, indicates a relatively modest contribution to sea level rise since the LGM of < 4.6 m, and possibly as little as < 1.5 m.},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-13-2935-2019},
	url = {http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/526081/},
	author = {Nichols, Keir A. and Goehring, Brent M. and Balco, Greg and Johnson, Joanne S. and Hein, Andrew S. and Todd, Claire}
}
@article {Burrows2016164,
	title = {A new late Quaternary palaeohydrological record from the humid tropics of northeastern Australia},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {451},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {164 - 182},
	abstract = {Abstract High resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is presented as a robust palaeoclimatic proxy, suitable for use on Late Pleistocene to Holocene sediments located in a volcanic crater on the Atherton Tableland in northeastern Queensland, Australia. The proxy allows identification of wet and dry shifts in a complex sedimentary sequence comprised of peat, gyttja, laminated organic rich muds and fine clastic silt-rich sediments. Significant correlation is found between the \{XRF\} record and other proxies including magnetic susceptibility, humification, grain size, macrocharcoal, δ13C and C/N and pollen. Sixteen wetter periods are identified in the 37 ka sedimentary record for Bromfield Swamp. Three wetter periods commence in late Marine Isotope Stage 3, nine in the early glacial, one in the late de-glacial and four in Holocene. Nineteen drier periods are identified, four in late \{MIS\} 3, seven in the early glacial, one during the LGM, one in the late de-glacial period and six in the Holocene. The \{XRF\} record for Bromfield Swamp is specifically used to identify periods of abrupt climate change. Marked changes in effective precipitation are detected at 32,690, 30,080, 24,660, 21,870, 11,880, 10,020, 9170 and 5120 cal. yr BP. The detection of these abrupt climate events may allow correlation with records from terrestrial sites across the Southern Hemisphere and potentially, the Northern Hemisphere.},
	keywords = {Late Quaternary},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.03.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018216001656},
	author = {M.A. Burrows and H. Heijnis and P. Gadd and S.G. Haberle}
}
@article {2542,
	title = {No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {529},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Mar-01-2018},
	pages = {519 - 522},
	abstract = {The equatorial Pacific Ocean is one of the major high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions in the global ocean. In such regions, the consumption of the available macro-nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate is thought to be limited in part by the low abundance of the critical micro-nutrient iron1. Greater atmospheric dust deposition2 could have fertilized the equatorial Pacific with iron during the last ice age{\textemdash}the Last Glacial Period (LGP){\textemdash}but the effect of increased ice-age dust fluxes on primary productivity in the equatorial Pacific remains uncertain3, 4, 5, 6. Here we present meridional transects of dust (derived from the 232Th proxy), phytoplankton productivity (using opal, 231Pa/230Th and excess Ba), and the degree of nitrate consumption (using foraminifera-bound δ15N) from six cores in the central equatorial Pacific for the Holocene (0{\textendash}10,000 years ago) and the LGP (17,000{\textendash}27,000 years ago). We find that, although dust deposition in the central equatorial Pacific was two to three times greater in the LGP than in the Holocene, productivity was the same or lower, and the degree of nitrate consumption was the same. These biogeochemical findings suggest that the relatively greater ice-age dust fluxes were not large enough to provide substantial iron fertilization to the central equatorial Pacific. This may have been because the absolute rate of dust deposition in the LGP (although greater than the Holocene rate) was very low. The lower productivity coupled with unchanged nitrate consumption suggests that the subsurface major nutrient concentrations were lower in the central equatorial Pacific during the LGP. As these nutrients are today dominantly sourced from the Subantarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean, we propose that the central equatorial Pacific data are consistent with more nutrient consumption in the Subantarctic Zone, possibly owing to iron fertilization as a result of higher absolute dust fluxes in this region7, 8. Thus, ice-age iron fertilization in the Subantarctic Zone would have ultimately worked to lower, not raise, equatorial Pacific productivity.},
	keywords = {Biogeochemistry, Palaeoceanography},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature16453},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature16453},
	author = {Costa, K. M. and McManus, J. F. and Anderson, R. F. and Ren, H. and Sigman, D. M. and Winckler, G. and Fleisher, M. Q. and Marcantonio, F. and Ravelo, A. C.}
}
@article { ISI:000372829700018,
	title = {A Note on Reporting of Reservoir C-14 Disequilibria and Age Offsets},
	journal = {RADIOCARBON},
	volume = {58},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2016},
	month = {MAR},
	pages = {205-211},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Reservoir age offsets are widely used to correct marine and speleothem radiocarbon age measurements for various calibration purposes. They also serve as a powerful tracer for carbon cycle dynamics. However, a clear terminology regarding reservoir age offsets is lacking, sometimes leading to miscalculations. This note seeks to provide consistent conventions for reporting reservoir C-14 disequilibria useful to a broad range of environmental sciences. This contribution introduces the (FR)-R-14 and R-14 metrics to express the relative C-14 disequilibrium between two contemporaneous reservoirs and the R metric as the associated reservoir age offset.},
	keywords = {freshwater effect, hardwater effect, radiocarbon, Reservoir age, Reservoir effect, ventilation age},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2015.22},
	author = {Soulet, Guillaume and Skinner, Luke C. and Beaupr{\'e}, Steven R. and Galy, Valier}
}
@article {64,
	title = {New cetacean ΔR values for Arctic North America and their implications for marine-mammal-based palaeoenvironmental reconstructions},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {218-241},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon-dated marine mammal remains from emergent Arctic coastlines have frequently been used to reconstruct Holocene sea-ice histories. The use of such reconstructions has hitherto been complicated by uncertain marine reservoir corrections precluding meaningful intercomparisons with data reported in calibrated or sidereal years. Based on an exhaustive compilation of previously published marine mammal radiocarbon dates (both live-harvested materials and subfossils) from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), new, statistically-derived δ13C and ΔR values are provided. Average δ13C values are: -16.1 {\textpm} 1.1{\textperthousand} (bone collagen; n = 193) for bowhead (Balaena mysticetus); -14.4 {\textpm} 0.5{\textperthousand} (n = 44; dentine) for beluga (Delphinapterus leucas); -14.8 {\textpm} 1.9{\textperthousand} (teeth and tusks; n = 18) and -18.0 {\textpm} 4.7{\textperthousand} (n = 9; bone collagen) for walrus (Odobenus rosmarus). ΔR values are 170 {\textpm} 95 14C years for bowhead (n = 23) and 240 {\textpm} 60 14C years for beluga (n = 12). Scarce data preclude calculation of meaningful, statistically robust walrus ΔR. Using the new ΔR values, an expanded and revised database of calibrated bowhead dates (651 dates; many used in previous CAA sea-ice reconstructions) shows pronounced late Quaternary spatio-temporal fluctuations in bone abundance. Though broadly resembling earlier bowhead subfossil frequency data, analysis of the new expanded database suggests early- and mid-Holocene increases in whale abundance to be of longer duration and lower amplitude than previously considered. A more even and persistent spread of infrequent low-abundance remains during {\textquotedblleft}whale free{\textquotedblright} intervals is also seen. The dominance of three eastern regions (Prince Regent Inlet \& Gulf of Boothia; Admiralty Inlet; Berlinguet Inlet/Bernier Bay) in the CAA data, collectively contributing up to 88\% of all subfossil remains in the mid-Holocene, is notable. An analysis of calibrated regional sea-level index points suggests that severance of the Admiralty Inlet-Gulf of Boothia marine channel due to isostatically-driven regression may have played a significant role in enhanced whale mortality during this interval. Comparisons between the newly calibrated bowhead data and other regional sea-ice proxy data further highlight spatial and temporal discrepancies, potentially due to regional asynchronicities and variable sensitivities in proxy response to climate and oceanographic forcing. However, the limited number of deglacial{\textendash}postglacial marine records continues to hamper extensive intercomparisons between marine mammal and other proxy datasets. Nevertheless, an examination of assumptions inherent in linking bowhead subfossil frequencies, population densities, and sea-ice thickness and distribution, shows that such relationships are highly complex. Factors such as broad sea-ice preferences, variable mortality rates and causes, long distance carcass transport, variable coastline and basin/channel geometries, and changing emergence rates all complicate the correlation of whale bone abundance to sea-ice histories.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.021},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027737911300334X},
	author = {Furze, Mark F. A. and Pie{\'n}kowski, Anna J. and Coulthard, Roy D.}
}
@article {2586,
	title = {North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian Ocean climate},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {509},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jun-04-2016},
	pages = {76 - 80},
	abstract = {The response of the tropical climate in the Indian Ocean realm to abrupt climate change events in the North Atlantic Ocean is contentious. Repositioning of the intertropical convergence zone is thought to have been responsible for changes in tropical hydroclimate during North Atlantic cold spells1, 2, 3, 4, 5, but the dearth of high-resolution records outside the monsoon realm in the Indian Ocean precludes a full understanding of this remote relationship and its underlying mechanisms. Here we show that slowdowns of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during Heinrich stadials and the Younger Dryas stadial affected the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate through changes to the Hadley circulation including a southward shift in the rising branch (the intertropical convergence zone) and an overall weakening over the southern Indian Ocean. Our results are based on new, high-resolution sea surface temperature and seawater oxygen isotope records of well-dated sedimentary archives from the tropical eastern Indian Ocean for the past 45,000 years, combined with climate model simulations of Atlantic circulation slowdown under Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 3 boundary conditions. Similar conditions in the east and west of the basin rule out a zonal dipole structure as the dominant forcing of the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate of millennial-scale events. Results from our simulations and proxy data suggest dry conditions in the northern Indian Ocean realm and wet and warm conditions in the southern realm during North Atlantic cold spells.},
	keywords = {Palaeoceanography, Palaeoclimate},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature13196},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature13196},
	author = {Mohtadi, Mahyar and Prange, Matthias and Oppo, Delia W. and De Pol-Holz, Ricardo and Merkel, Ute and Zhang, Xiao and Steinke, Stephan and {\"u}ckge, Andreas}
}
@article { ISI:000307993700009,
	title = {NEW AMS RADIOCARBON DATES FROM LATE PLEISTOCENE MASTODONS AND MAMMOTHS IN NEW YORK STATE, USA},
	journal = {RADIOCARBON},
	volume = {54},
	number = {{2}},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {275-279},
	type = {Article},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.2458/azu_js_rc.v54i2.16009},
	author = {Feranec, Robert S. and Kozlowski, Andrew L.}
}
@article {155,
	title = {New Records for Prehistoric Introduction of Neotropical Mammals to the West Indies: Evidence from Carriacou, Lesser Antilles},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 1873SubmittedY},
	pages = {476-487},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02630.x},
	author = {Giovas, C. M. and LeFebvre, M. J. and Fitzpatrick, S. M.}
}
@article {361,
	title = {No signature of abyssal carbon n intermediate waters off Chile during deglaciation},
	journal = {Nature Geosciences},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 772; YY},
	pages = {192-195},
	doi = {10.1038/NGEO745},
	author = {dePol-Holz, R. and Keigwin, L. and Southon, J. and Hebbeln, D. and Mohtadi, M.}
}
@inbook {1384,
	title = {The nature and origin of decadal to millennial scale climate variability in the southern tropics of South America},
	booktitle = {Past Climate Variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene in South America and Surrounding Regions},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 843},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {301-322},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	author = {Baker, P. A. and Fritz, S. C. and Burns, S. J. and Ekdahl, E. and Rigsby, C. A.},
	editor = {Vimeux, F.}
}
@article {317,
	title = {A new look at old carbon in active margin sediments RID F-1809-2010},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1987; PT: J; UT: WOS:000263842200012},
	pages = {239-242},
	abstract = {Recent studies suggest that as much as half of the organic carbon (OC) undergoing burial in the sediments of tectonically active continental margins may be the product of fossil shale weathering. These estimates rely on the assumption that vascular plant detritus spends little time sequestered in intermediate reservoirs such as soils, freshwater sediments, and river deltas, and thus only minimally contributes to the extraneously old (14)C ages of total organic matter often observed on adjacent shelves. Here we test this paradigm by measuring the (14)C and delta(13)C values of individual higher plant wax fatty acids as well as the d13C values of extractable alkanes isolated from the Eel River margin (California). The isotopic signatures of the long chain fatty acids indicate that vascular plant material has been sequestered for several thousand years before deposition. A coupled molecular isotope mass balance used to reassess the sedimentary carbon budget indicates that the fossil component is less abundant than previously estimated, with pre-aged terrestrial material instead composing a considerable proportion of all organic matter. If these findings are characteristic of other continental margins proximal to small mountainous rivers, then the importance of petrogenic OC burial in marine sediments may need to be reevaluated.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G25351A.1},
	author = {Drenzek, Nicholas J. and Hughen, Konrad A. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Southon, John R. and dos Santos, Guaciara M. and Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Giosan, Liviu and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@mastersthesis {1301,
	title = {Natural Abundance Radiocarbon Studies of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the Marine Environment},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	school = {University of California, San Diego},
	abstract = {Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC), an active reservoir in the global carbon cycle, has an average age of 6000 years and is comprised of biochemicals which may or may not cycle on different time scales. The primary objective of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between radiocarbon (14C) signature and chemical composition of various fractions within DOC. Specifically, this thesis was designed to provide an analytical framework to explicitly explore the relationship between DOC molecular weight, chemical composition, and reactivity. Chapter 2 describes spatial and temporal total organic carbon (TOC) concentration gradients in 2005 from the California Cooperative Fisheries Oceanic Cooperative (CalCOFI) region, which is the main study area for this thesis. Chapter 3 describes a novel solid phase extraction (SPE) method and reports the chemical and isotopic characteristics of fractionated DOC components based on their solubility. These fractions are compared to DOC isolated by the widely applied UF techniques and the results indicate that chemical composition and 14C content were related. Using compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of sugars and lipids, Chapter 4 shows that both SPE DOC and UDOC contain specific compounds with similar chemical and isotopic characteristics and residence times. In Chapter 5, CSIA was applied to SPE samples collected from the Delaware River and Estuary and the terrestrially influenced Eel River Margin to examine whether riverine DOC inputs contribute specific compounds or common components to the coastal ocean. Finally, the final chapter discusses the implications and significance of these results for marine DOC cycling.},
	author = {de Jesus, Roman P.}
}
@article {498,
	title = {Near constancy of the Pacific Ocean surface to mid-depth radiocarbon-age difference over the last 20 kyr},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {274},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 770; 390GV Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:27Y},
	pages = {322-326},
	abstract = {Although C-13 to C-12 and cadmium to calcium ratios provide information regarding the distribution of deep water masses during late glacial time and during the period of deglaciation, our knowledge of the rate at which these water masses were ventilated comes mainly from the difference in radiocarbon-age between coexisting bottom- and surface-dwelling foraminifera. Paired benthic/planktonic foraminiferal radiocarbonage differences covering last 20 kyr in a high-deposition-rate western equatorial Pacific core, MD01-2386, from a water depth of 2.8 km show no significant climate-related variations over this period. This result is surprising for we would have expected a change in this age difference between the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Holocene and also during the Mystery Interval (17.5-14.5 kyr ago) when the waters in a radiocarbon-depleted abyssal reservoir were presumably being mixed back into the remainder of the ocean. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.035},
	author = {Broecker, W. and Clark, E. and Barker, S.}
}
@conference {1707,
	title = {A New Look at Perishable Technologies from the Ozark Plateau: Focus},
	booktitle = {31st Annual Conference of the Society of Ethnobiology},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 777},
	month = {2008},
	address = {Fayetteville, Arkansas},
	author = {Horton, Elizabeth T.}
}
@article {335,
	title = {Northern hemisphere controls on tropical southeast African climate during the past 60,000 years},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {322},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2047; PT: J; UT: WOS:000259902300046},
	pages = {252-255},
	abstract = {The processes that control climate in the tropics are poorly understood. We applied compound-specific hydrogen isotopes (delta D) and the TEX(86) (tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms) temperature proxy to sediment cores from Lake Tanganyika to independently reconstruct precipitation and temperature variations during the past 60,000 years. Tanganyika temperatures follow Northern Hemisphere insolation and indicate that warming in tropical southeast Africa during the last glacial termination began to increase similar to 3000 years before atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. delta D data show that this region experienced abrupt changes in hydrology coeval with orbital and millennial-scale events recorded in Northern Hemisphere monsoonal climate records. This implies that precipitation in tropical southeast Africa is more strongly controlled by changes in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures and the winter Indian monsoon than by migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1160485},
	author = {Tierney, Jessica E. and Russell, James M. and Huang, Yongsong and Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe and Hopmans, Ellen C. and Cohen, Andrew S.}
}
@article {1538,
	title = {Naze Site (32SN246) 1994 Archeological Excavations Stutsman County, North Dakota. James River Report Number 4},
	volume = {University of North Dakota Anthropology Research Contribution No.410},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 296},
	month = {2007},
	institution = {University of North Dakota},
	address = {Grand Rapids, ND},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@conference {1712,
	title = {The nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry of Long Island Sound; insights into mechanisms of 15N enrichment in eutrophication-impacted estuaries},
	booktitle = {ASLO Meeting},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 752},
	month = {2007},
	address = {New Orelans, LA},
	author = {Altabet, M. A. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@inbook {1390,
	title = {North Atlantic intermediate depth variability during the Younger Dryas; evidence from benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and the GFDL R30 coupled climate model},
	booktitle = {Geophysical Monograph, vol. 173},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 857; American Geophysical Union 2005 fall meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, Dec 5-9, 2005 NSF grants OCE-0096495, ATM-0502428, OCE-0096472, OCE-0220776 and ATM-0501351 References: 72; illus.; Y},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {247-263},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington},
	keywords = {24, Quaternary geology, Atlantic Ocean, benthic environment, Cenozoic, chemical ratios, Foraminifera, Glaciation, Gulf of Mexico, ice cores, Invertebrata, isotope ratios, isotopes, Little Bahama Bank, Mg/Ca, microfossils, North Atlantic, O-18/O-16, oxygen, paleo-oceanography, paleobathymetry, paleosalinity, paleotemperature, Pleistocene, Protista, Quaternary, Stable isotopes, Straits of Florida, upper, upper Weichselian, Weichselian, Younger Dryas},
	isbn = {9780875904382},
	author = {Came, Rosemarie E. and Curry, William B. and Oppo, Delia W. and Broccoli, Anthony J. and Stouffer, Ronald J. and Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean},
	editor = {Schmittner, Andreas}
}
@article {1922,
	title = {National register evaluation and geoarchaeological analysis of the sites and shovel testing at Fort Riley, Kansas},
	journal = {Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands, Colorado State Univ.},
	volume = {TPS 06-13},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 696},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Sherman, Stephen A. and Johnson, William C.}
}
@article {1916,
	title = {Natural 14C in Saccoglossus Bromophenolosus compared to its surrounding sediments},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {324},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 613},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {167-172},
	author = {Teuten, E. L. and King, G. M. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {1911,
	title = {Natural abundance radiocarbon as a tracer of assimilation of petrolleum carbon by bacteria in salt marsh sediments},
	journal = {Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 520},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {1761-1771},
	author = {Wakeham, S. G. and McNichol, A. P. and Kostka, J. and Pease, T. K.}
}
@article {585,
	title = {Natural-abundance radiocarbon as a tracer of assimilation of petroleum carbon by bacteria in salt marsh sediments},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2006},
	note = {030olTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:65},
	month = {Apr 1},
	pages = {1761-1771},
	abstract = {The natural abundance of radiocarbon ((14)C) provides unique insight into the source and cycling of sedimentary organic matter. Radiocarbon analysis of bacterial phospholipid lipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in salt-marsh sediments of southeast Georgia (USA)-one heavily contaminated by petroleum residues-was used to assess the fate of petroleum-derived carbon in sediments and incorporation of fossil carbon into microbial biomass. PLFAs that are common components of eubacterial cell membranes (e.g., branched C(15) and C(17), 10-methyl-C(16)) were depleted in (14)C in the contaminated sediment (mean Delta(14)C value of +25 +/- 19 parts per thousand for bacterial PLFAs) relative to PLFAs in uncontaminated "control" sediment (Delta(14)C = +101 +/- 12 parts per thousand). We suggest that the (14)C-depletion in bacterial PLFAs at the contaminated site results from microbial metabolism of petroleum and subsequent incorporation of petroleum-derived carbon into bacterial membrane lipids. A mass balance calculation indicates that 6-10\% of the carbon in bacterial PLFAs at the oiled site could derive from petroleum residues. These results demonstrate that even weathered petroleum may contain components of sufficient lability to be a carbon source for biomass production by marsh sediment microorganisms. Furthermore, a small but significant fraction of fossil carbon is assimilated even in the presence of a much larger pool of presumably more-labile and faster-cycling carbon substrates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2005.12.020},
	author = {Wakeham, S. G. and McNichol, A. P. and Kostka, J. E. and Pease, T. K.}
}
@article {915,
	title = {New evidence for remnant deposits recorded by columnar sediments in the shelf of the northern South China Sea},
	journal = {Marine Geology \& Quaternary Geology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 568},
	pages = {1-5},
	isbn = {0256-1492},
	author = {Xiao, S. B. and Chen, M. H. and Lu, J.}
}
@conference {1709,
	title = {New middle and late Holocene radiocarbon dates for alluvial deposits containing the Sand Creek pit hearths of northwestern Nebraska, U.S.A},
	booktitle = {14th Annual Island in the Planes Archeological and Historical Symposium Program and Abstracts},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 517},
	month = {2006},
	author = {LaGarry, L. A. and LaGarry, H. E. and Wandsnider, L. and Richardson, E. L.}
}
@article {1022,
	title = {Non-pollen palynomorphs from organic deposits of Posidonia oceanica: a new tool for palaeoenvironmental studies in marine peat-like deposits},
	journal = {Palyno-Bulletin},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 2005},
	pages = {38-40},
	abstract = {The in situ accumulation of large quantities of biogenic materials over millennia is very relevant and occurs only in a limited number of ecosystems. Peat bogs are probably the bestknown example among terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. Aaby \& Berglund, 1986) and coral reefs among marine ecosystems (e.g. Clausen \& Roth, 1975). In situ organic accumulations in the marine environment are rare, having been described for mangroves and seagrass species. The Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica accumulates large quantities of organic debris. Roots, rhizomes and leaf sheaths are progressively buried fonning a bioconstruction called {\textquoteright}matte{\textquoteright}. The organic material remains with little morphological alteration for millennia (Mateo et aI. , 1997), constitnting a marine peat-like deposit with a great interest from a palaeoenvironmental point of view. The present paper evaluates the palaeoecological potential of the organic deposits generated by the marine phanerogame Posidonia oceanica in the Bay of Port Lligat, Girona, NE Spain. This stndy discusses the detailed evolution of the vegetation in the landscape of the area.},
	author = {L{\'o}pez-S{\'a}ez, J. A. and L{\'o}pez-Garc{\'\i}a, P. and Pozuelo, R. and Mateo, M. A. and Renom, P. and Garrido, D.}
}
@article {1960,
	title = {The North Anatolian fault in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey): Rapid vertical motion in response to minor bends of a non-vertical continental transform},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 532},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Cormier, M. H. and Seeber, L. and McHugh, C. M. G. and Polonia, A. and Cagatay, M. N. and Emre, O. and Gasperini, L. and Gorur, N. and Bortoluzzi, G. and Bonatti, E. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Newman, K. R.}
}
@article {1524,
	title = {Natural variability in skeletal growth rate, stable isotopes, and Sr/Ca composition in two species of Pacific sclerosponges (Acnathocheatetes wellsi and Astroclera welleyana)},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1135},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Williamsburg, VA},
	author = {Grottoli, A. G. and Adkins, J. F. and Moots, K.}
}
@article {1992,
	title = {Noble gases and stable isotopes in a shallow aquifer in southern Michigan: Implications for noble gas paleotemperature reconstructions for cool climates},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {968qnTimes Cited:26
Cited References Count:14
},
	month = {Sep 22},
	pages = {1-4},
	abstract = {Noble gas data from the Glacial Drift, the shallowest aquifer in southern Michigan confirm findings by Ma et al. (2004) that modern noble gas temperatures (NGTs) are systematically below the current mean annual air temperature (MAAT) which, in turn, is similar to the ground temperature of these recharge waters. By tracking noble gas concentrations as well as stable isotope ratios through an autumn, winter, spring and into summer, we show that although water in this aquifer is modern, noble gases do not track the atmosphere on a short time scale. Specifically, excess He-3 and He-4 indicate that the gas environment at the water table is integrating conditions over years or decades rather than weeks or months. Our results are interpreted using various NGT interpretational models and possible mechanisms for the production of low apparent NGTs are discussed.},
	keywords = {water},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2005GL023582},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000232177300004},
	author = {Hall, C. M. and Castro, M. C. and Lohmann, K. C. and Ma, L.}
}
@inbook {2426,
	title = {Natural Radiocarbon Distribution in the Deep Ocean},
	booktitle = {Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land},
	volume = {Submitted},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {Terrapub},
	organization = {Terrapub},
	isbn = {9784887041332},
	author = {Matsumoto, Katsumi  and Key, Robert M.},
	editor = {Shiyomi, M.}
}
@inbook {1438,
	title = {Natural radiocarbon distribution in the deep ocean},
	booktitle = {Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1050},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {45-58},
	publisher = {Terrapub},
	organization = {Terrapub},
	address = {Tokyo},
	author = {Matsumoto, K. and Key, R. M.},
	editor = {Shiyomi, M.}
}
@article {876,
	title = {A new Holocene relative sea-level curve for Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2004},
	note = {833xiTimes Cited:38Cited References Count:36},
	month = {May},
	pages = {377-396},
	abstract = {More than 100 radiocarbon dates of penguin guano and remains, shells and seal skin afford ages for raised beaches adjacent to Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. These dates permit construction of a new relative sea-level curve that bears on the timing of deglaciation. Recession of the Ross Sea ice-sheet grounding line from Terra Nova Bay occurred no earlier than 7200 C-14 yr (8000 cal. yr) BP. Retreat along the Victoria Land coast may have been rapid, possibly contributing to eustatic sea-level rise centred at ca. 7600 cal. yr BP. The presence of a significant amount of ice remaining in the Ross Sea Embayment in Holocene time lessens the chance that Antarctica contributed significantly to meltwater pulse 1A several thousand years earlier. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0267-8179},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.825},
	author = {Baroni, C. and Hall, B. L.}
}
@article {251,
	title = {New insights into the burial history of organic carbon on the early Earth},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1506; 846RU Times Cited:14 Cited References Count:44},
	pages = {1-9},
	abstract = {[1] The isotope record of organic matter and calcium carbonate is often used to infer the burial history of organic carbon through time. As organic carbon burial is widely held to control long-term oxygen production, the isotope record also relates to the production rates of oxygen on Earth. Current interpretations of the record suggest a long-term consistency in the proportion of total carbon buried as organic carbon (f ratio), with some important periods of much higher burial proportions. The isotope record is analyzed here with a new carbon isotope mass balance model, which considers submarine hydrothermal weathering of ocean crust as a significant removal pathway of inorganic carbon. With this model the f ratio is considerably reduced if isotopically depleted inorganic carbon is precipitated during hydrothermal weathering and if hydrothermal weathering dominates inorganic carbon removal from the surface environment. In contrast to previous calculations, our analysis of the carbon isotope record shows that organic carbon burial in the Archean accounted for only between 0\% and 10\% of the total carbon burial. These low burial proportions would have contributed to a slow accumulation of atmospheric oxygen in the Archean.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2004gc000713},
	author = {Bjerrum, C. J. and Canfield, D. E.}
}
@conference {892,
	title = {Nitrogen isotopic ratio records the eutrophication history of Long Island sound},
	booktitle = {American Geophyscial Union, Joint Assembly},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 732},
	month = {2004},
	publisher = { 	American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
	organization = { 	American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
	abstract = {Increasing coastal population and industrialization has led to the steady degradation of the Long Island Sound (LIS) environment. Increased nutrient loading from sewage inputs has resulted in eutrophication and decreased summertime subsurface oxygen concentration particularly at its western end. It is critical to develop a detailed history of these environmental changes, both to understand causative processes and for design of optimal and cost effective remediation plans. We are developing a detailed time line of environmental changes in LIS over the last few centuries based on the study of geochemical and paleo-ecological proxies in geographically distributed sediment cores. Sediment nitrogen isotopic ratio (d15N) in particular is being used as an indicator of perturbations of the nitrogen biogeochemistry. Higher d15N is expected from sewage inputs as well as from the initiation of subsurface denitrification during low O2 conditions. Contemporary correlation between eutrophication intensity and d15N is seen in sediment core top data which show a substantial 4 per mil increase in d15N going from eastern to western LIS. This observation is consistent with greater nutrient loading toward New York City with its greater coastal population density. Downcore data from a site in western LIS show 4 per mil lower d15N prior to 200 years ago, documenting the point at which significant anthropogenic impact began. Increasing d15N over the last 200 years correlate with productivity proxies and other proxies for anthropogenic influence},
	author = {Altabet, M. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@article {2014,
	title = {NotCal04-Comparison/Calibration 14 C records 26-50 cal kBP},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 399},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1225{\textendash}1238},
	author = {van der Plicht, J. and Beck, J. W. and Bard, E. and Baillie, M. G. L. and Blackwell, P. G. and Buck, C. E. and Friedrich, M. and Guilderson, T. P. and Hughen, K. A. and Kromer, B.}
}
@conference {1711,
	title = {Niaqla revisited: Archaeology and ethnohistory of a Chumash Village on Santa Rosa Island, California},
	booktitle = {Society for California Archaeology 16},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 576},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {149-156},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {2109,
	title = {The nature of {\textquoteright}stone-lines{\textquoteright} in the African Quaternary record: archaeological resolution at the rainforest site of Mosumu, Equatorial Guinea},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2002},
	note = {536zcTimes Cited:15
Cited References Count:89
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {71-96},
	abstract = {{\textquoteright}Stone-lines{\textquoteright} are widespread Quaternary features that appear in tropical and subtropical regions. They have a diverse nature and genesis, and are frequently associated with archaeological assemblages. However, archaeological deposition and {\textquoteright}stone-line{\textquoteright} configuration may be unrelated geological events separated by thousands of years. The energetics involved in {\textquoteright}stone-line{\textquoteright} formation, coarse and fine material translocation across space and in depth, and overall assemblage integrity vary from one site to another. This paper presents quantitative and spatial geoarchaeological data from the site of Mosumu, in the tropical rain forest of continental Equatorial Guinea. Mosumu yielded Middle and Later Stone Age assemblages dated to at least the last 30,000 years in a {\textquoteright}stone-line{\textquoteright} context. Special attention to the study of vertical and horizontal variations of artifacts, sedimentary features, and taphonomic indicators allows analysis of the nature, meaning, and archeological resolution at this site. The results are placed in the wider debate over the meaning of {\textquoteright}stone-lines{\textquoteright} in the African Quaternary record. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Age, behavior, cameroon, congo, ituri, layers, origin, tools, vegetation},
	isbn = {1040-6182},
	author = {Mercader, J. and Marti, R. and Martinez, J. L. and Brooks, A.}
}
@article {2432,
	title = {Nelson Site (32SN113) 2000 Archeological Excavations. Anthropology Research, Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (Report)},
	volume = {in prep.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 203},
	month = {2002},
	institution = {Dakotas Area Office, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation},
	address = {Bismarck, ND},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@article {722,
	title = {Noble gases and volatile recycling at subduction zones},
	journal = {Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Bw12hTimes Cited:243Cited References Count:219Reviews in Mineralogy \& Geochemistry},
	pages = {319-370},
	issn = {1529-6466},
	doi = {10.2138/rmg.2002.47.9},
	author = {Hilton, D. R. and Fischer, T. P. and Marty, B.}
}
@article {349,
	title = {Numerical models, geochemistry and the zero-paradox noble-gas mantle},
	journal = {Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci},
	volume = {360},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1579; Ballentine, Chris J Van Keken, Peter E Porcelli, Don Hauri, Erik H England Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2002 Nov 15;360(1800):2611-31.},
	pages = {2611-31},
	abstract = {Numerical models of whole-mantle convection demonstrate that degassing of the mantle is an inefficient process, resulting in ca. 50\% of the (40)Ar being degassed from the mantle system. In this sense the numerical simulations are consistent with the (40)Ar mass balance between the atmosphere and mantle reservoir. These models, however, are unable to preserve the large-scale heterogeneity predicted by models invoking geochemical layering of the mantle system. We show that the three most important noble-gas constraints on the geochemically layered mantle are entirely dependent on the (3)He concentration of the convecting mantle derived from the (3)He flux into the oceans and the average ocean-crust generation rate. A factor of 3.5 increase in the convecting-mantle noble-gas concentration removes all requirements for: a (3)He flux into the upper mantle from a deeper high (3)He source; a boundary in the mantle capable of separating heat from helium; and a substantial deep-mantle reservoir to contain a hidden (40)Ar rich reservoir. We call this model concentration for the convecting mantle the {\textquoteright}zero-paradox{\textquoteright} concentration. The time-integrated flux of (3)He into the oceans is a robust observation, but only representative of the ocean-floor activity over the last 1000 years. In contrast, ocean-floor generation occurs over tens of millions of years. We argue that combining these two observations to obtain the (3)He concentration of the mantle beneath mid-ocean ridges is unsound. Other indicators of mantle (3)He concentration suggest that the real value may be at least a factor of two higher. As the zero-paradox concentration is approached, the noble-gas requirement for mantle layering is removed. We further consider the role that recycled material plays in ocean-island-basalt generation and show that a source with high (3)He and (3)He/(4)He must exist within the mantle. Nevertheless, only a small amount of this material is required to generate both the observed ocean-island (3)He/(4)He ratios and the concentrations inferred from basalt samples for this mantle source.},
	issn = {1364-503X (Print) 1364-503X (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.2002.1083},
	author = {Ballentine, C. J. and Van Keken, P. E. and Porcelli, D. and Hauri, E. H.}
}
@conference {1708,
	title = {A new method for separating bomb-produced and natural D14C, Global Change},
	booktitle = {Open Science Conference},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1445},
	month = {2001},
	address = {Amsterdam, the Netherlands},
	author = {Key, R. M.}
}
@article {2158,
	title = {New records show pronounced changes in Arctic Ocean circulation and climate (cover article)},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 332},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {601, 607},
	author = {Darby, D. and Bischof, J. and Cutter, G. and de Vernal, A. and Hillaire-Marcel, C. and Dwyer, G. and McManus, J. and Polyak, L. and Osterman, L. and Poore, R.}
}
@article {2153,
	title = {New techniques define combustion product signatures in sediments},
	journal = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2000 annual report},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1487},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {21-23},
	author = {Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {804,
	title = {The N and W Iceland Shelf: insights into Last Glacial Maximum ice extent and deglaciation based on acoustic stratigraphy and basal radiocarbon AMS dates},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2000},
	note = {298udTimes Cited:71Cited References Count:75},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {619-631},
	abstract = {We present 32 AMS radiocarbon dates collected from sediments obtained during cruises of CSS Hudson (1993, RV Jan Mayen (1996), and Bjarni Saemundsson (1997). The radiocarbon dates were obtained on samples from the basal part of sediment cores collected across an area between 64 and 67 degrees N and 18-29 degrees W. Core sites were based on 3.5 kHz acoustic subbottom surveys. The 3.5 kHz subbottom profiles indicate that several of the troughs contain greater than or equal to 30 m of Quaternary sediment. At many sites, the acoustic surveys suggest the presence of one or more strong reflectors which can be traced over extended areas ( > 100 km) of the seafloor. These may represent large-scale volcanic ash falls, such as the Vedde ash and its correlatives, as well as other regionally significant tephras. We report dates from seven areas; (1) Northern troughs - Eyjafjardarall, Hunafloadjup, and Reykjafjardarall: (2) Hunafloi area and inner shelf and fjords; (3) Djupall area; (4) Isafjardardjup area; (5) Kolluall; (6) western shelf break and slope; and 7) Jokuldjup. The dates range in age from Marine Isotope Stages 3-1. Five cores have basal dates greater than or equal to 16 ka and thus provide information on the timing and environments during the deglaciation, Several dates of similar to 12 ka indicate that the inner shelf may have been largely ice-free by that time. Estimates of average sediment accumulation rates vary between 4 and 90 cm/kyr, with modal estimates of 30-30 cm/kyr, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00036-0},
	author = {Andrews, J. T. and Hardardottir, J. and Helgadottir, G. and Jennings, A. E. and Geirsdottir, A. and Sveinbjornsdottir, A. E. and Schoolfield, S. and Kristjansdottir, G. B. and Smith, L. M. and Thors, K. and Syvitski, J. P. M.}
}
@article {2202,
	title = {A New Estimate of the Holocene Lowstand Level of Lake Titicaca and Implications for Tropical Paleohydrology},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1339},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {21-32},
	author = {Cross, S. C. and Baker, P. A. and Seltzer, G. O. and Fritz, S. C.}
}
@article {808,
	title = {The NOSAMS sample preparation laboratory in the next millenium: Progress after the WOCE program},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {172},
	year = {2000},
	note = {372jrTimes Cited:20Cited References Count:12},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {409-415},
	abstract = {Since 1991, the primary charge of the National Ocean Sciences AMS (NOSAMS) facility at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has been to supply high throughput, high precision AMS C-14 analyses for seawater samples collected as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). Approximately 13,000 samples taken as part of WOCE should be fully analyzed by the end of Y2K. Additional sample sources and techniques must be identified and incorporated if NOSAMS is to continue in its present operation mode.A trend in AMS today is the ability to routinely process and analyze radiocarbon samples that contain tiny amounts (<100 <mu>g) of carbon. The capability to mass-produce small samples for C-14 analysis has been recognized as a major facility goal. The installation of a new 134-position MC-SNICS ion source, which utilizes a smaller graphite target cartridge than presently used, is one step towards realizing this goal. New preparation systems constructed in the sample preparation laboratory (SPL) include an automated bank of 10 small-volume graphite reactors, an automated system to process organic carbon samples, and a multi-dimensional preparative capillary gas chromatograph (PCGC). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583x},
	doi = {10.1016/S0168-583x(00)00201-9},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. P. and Donoghue, J. C. and Stuart, D. R. and von Reden, K.}
}
@inbook {1473,
	title = {New Developments at the NOSAMS Facility},
	booktitle = {Proceeding of the International Workshop on Frontiers in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1723(JISTEC)
},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {44-52},
	publisher = {National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, National Museum of Japanese History},
	organization = {National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, National Museum of Japanese History},
	address = {Tsukuba, Japan},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and McNichol, A. P. and Hayes, J. M. and Pearson, A. and Eglinton, T. I.},
	editor = {Science, Japan International and Technology Exchange, Center}
}
@conference {1705,
	title = {New Developments at the NOSAMS Facility},
	booktitle = {International Workshop on Frontiers in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1679},
	month = {1999},
	publisher = {National Institute for Environmental Studies Reprot},
	organization = {National Institute for Environmental Studies Reprot},
	address = {Tsukuba, Japan},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and McNichol, A. P. and Hayes, J. M. and Pearson, A. and Eglinton, T. I.},
	editor = {Shibata, Y.}
}
@inbook {1388,
	title = {The North Atlantic{\textquoteright}s 1-2 kyr climate rhythm: Relation to Heinrich events, Dansgaard/Oeschger cycles and the Little Ice Age (Book Section)},
	booktitle = {Mechanisms of global climate change at mellennial time scales},
	series = {Geophysical Monograph Series 112},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 216},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {35-58},
	author = {Bond, G. C. and Showers, W. and Elliot, M. and Evans, M. and Lotti, R. and Hajdas, I. and Bonani, G. and Johnson, S.},
	editor = {Webb, R. and D, Keigwin L.}
}
@article {763,
	title = {A new model for Proterozoic ocean chemistry},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {396},
	year = {1998},
	note = {145klTimes Cited:530Cited References Count:29},
	month = {Dec 3},
	pages = {450-453},
	abstract = {There was a significant oxidation of the Earth{\textquoteright}s surface around 2 billion years ago (2 Gyr)(1-4). Direct evidence for this oxidation comes, mostly, from geological records of the redox-sensitive elements Fe and U reflecting the conditions prevailing during weathering(1-3). The oxidation event was probably driven by an increased input of oxygen to the atmosphere arising from an increased sedimentary burial of organic matter between 2.3 and 2.0 Gyr(5). This episode was postdated by the final large precipitation of banded iron formations around 1.8 Gyr(1,2). It is generally believed that banded iron formations precipitated from an ocean whose bottom waters contained significant concentrations of dissolved ferrous iron, and that this sedimentation process terminated when aerobic bottom waters developed, oxidizing the iron and thus removing it from solution(1,2). In contrast, I argue here that anoxic bottom waters probably persisted until well after the deposition of banded iron formations ceased; I also propose that sulphide, rather than oxygen, was responsible for removing iron from deep ocean water. The sulphur-isotope record supports this hypothesis as it indicates increasing concentrations of oceanic sulphate, starting around 2.3 Gyr(6), leading to increasing rates of sulphide production by sulphate reduction. The increase in sulphide production became sufficient, around 1.8 Gyr,to precipitate the total flux of iron into the oceans. I suggest that aerobic deep-ocean waters did not develop until the Neoproterozoic era (1.0 to similar to 0.54 Gyr), in association with a second large oxidation of the Earth{\textquoteright}s surface. This new model is consistent with the emerging view of Precambrian sulphur geochemistry and the chemical events leading to the evolution of animals, and it is fully testable by detailed geochemical analyses of preserved deep-water marine sediments.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/24839},
	author = {Canfield, D. E.}
}
@article {2267,
	title = {North Atlantic gyre ventilation and intermediate water formation during the last glaciation and Younger Dryas},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {393},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 208},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {557-561},
	author = {Marchitto, T. M. and Curry, W. B. and W, Oppo D.}
}
@article {2250,
	title = {NOSAMS Controls with LabView},
	journal = {World Scientific},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1675},
	month = {1998},
	author = {von Reden, K. F.}
}
@conference {1713,
	title = {NOSAMS Controls with LabView},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th Symposium of Northeastern Accelerator Personnel - Woods Hole, 1996},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1764},
	month = {1998},
	publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore},
	organization = {World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore},
	author = {von Reden, K. F.},
	editor = {von Reden, K. F.}
}
@inbook {1470,
	title = {NOSAMS Controls with LabView},
	booktitle = {Symposium of North-Eastern Accelerator Personnel, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, USE, October 27-30, 1996, SNEAP XXX},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1721},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {189-199},
	publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
	organization = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	author = {von Reden, K. F.},
	editor = {von Reden, K. F.}
}
@conference {1715,
	title = {The NOSAMS Sample Preparation Laboratory: Systems and graphite performance analysis},
	booktitle = {16th International 14C Conference},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1628},
	month = {1998},
	address = {Groninghen},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. P. and Donaghue, J. C. and Morin, T. J. and Peden, J. C.}
}
@conference {1699,
	title = {The National Ocean Sciences AMS (NOSAMS) Sample Preparation Laboratory: Systems and Graphite Performance Analysis},
	booktitle = {International Radiocarbon Conference},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 962},
	month = {1997},
	address = {Groningen, Nethlands},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. P. and Donoghue, J. C. and Morin, T. J. and Peden, J. C.}
}
@conference {1714,
	title = {The NOSAMS sample preparation laboratory: overview of systems and techniques},
	booktitle = {16th International Radiocarbon Conference},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 955},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {50},
	publisher = {Book of Abstracts},
	organization = {Book of Abstracts},
	address = {Groningen},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. and Donoghue, J. C. and Merkle, K. M. and Morin, T. J.}
}
@article {2309,
	title = {Neolithic migrations as a function of sea level-controlled topography in the Yangtze Delta, China},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1282},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {1803-1086},
	author = {Stanley, D. J. and Chen, Zhongyuan}
}
@conference {1704,
	title = {Negative ion sources for dating a very small radiocarbon samples},
	booktitle = {15th International Radiocarbon Conference},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 943},
	month = {1995},
	address = {Glasgow, Scotland},
	author = {Nadeau, M. J. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. R.}
}
@article {2347,
	title = {North Atlantic Deep Water variability during stage 3},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {76},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 58},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {171-172},
	author = {Oppo, D. W. and Lehman, S. J. and Curry, J. and Lynch, Stieglitz and Fairbanks, R. G.}
}
@article {2361,
	title = {The National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility: Recent Developments},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 938},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {196},
	author = {Schneider, R. J. and Jones, G. A. and von Reden, K. F. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@article {2392,
	title = {The National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	journal = {WOCE Notes},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 1639},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {5-10},
	author = {Jones, G. A. and McNichol, A. P. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@conference {1698,
	title = {The National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility and the WOCE Hydrographic Program. Measurement of 14C in seawater by AMS},
	booktitle = {Third Scientific Meeting, Oceanography Society},
	volume = {95},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 1656},
	month = {1993},
	address = {Seattle, WA},
	author = {McNichol, A. P. and Jones, G. A. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F. and Key, R. M.}
}
@article {2391,
	title = {The National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (WOCE)},
	journal = {WOCE Notes},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 1651},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {5-10},
	author = {Jones, G. A. and McNichol, A. P. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@conference {1700,
	title = {The National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	booktitle = {6th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 930},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {46},
	address = {Canberra, Australia},
	author = {Jones, G. A. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F. and McNichol, A. P. and Gagnon, A. R. and Cohen, G. J. and Osborne, E. A. and Hutton, D. L. and Kessel, E. D. and Elder, K. L.}
}
@conference {1703,
	title = {The National Ocean Sciences AMS System at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	booktitle = {European Community Workshop on Tracers in Physical Oceanography},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 935},
	month = {1993},
	address = {Bremen, Germany},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Jones, G. A. and Schneider, R. J. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@article {1369,
	title = {Neo-Atlantic Climatic Episode and the Middle Missouri Villagers},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 918},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {89},
	author = {Toom, D. L.}
}
@conference {1706,
	title = {A new high-temporal resolution paleoceanographic tool for the northern North Atlantic: the mollusc Arctica islandica},
	booktitle = {International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Statutory Meeting},
	volume = {1993/K},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 1295; 17},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {63},
	address = {Dublin, Ireland},
	author = {Weidman, C. R. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@article {2397,
	title = {The National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometer for Precision C-14 at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution -- Status and new results},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {72},
	year = {1992},
	note = {id: 926},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {27},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Jones, G. A. and Schneider, R. J. and McNichol, A. P. and Cohen, G. J.}
}
@conference {1710,
	title = {The new National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - Progress and First Results},
	booktitle = {14th International Radiocarbon Conference 1991},
	volume = {34},
	year = {1992},
	note = {id: 1618},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {476-481},
	publisher = {Radiocarbon},
	organization = {Radiocarbon},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Jones, G. A. and Schneider, R. J. and McNichol, A. P. and Cohen, G. J. and Purser, K. H.},
	editor = {Long, A.}
}
@article {2396,
	title = {The new National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution-Progress and first results (Proceedings of the 14th International Radiocarbon Conference, 1991)},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {34},
	year = {1992},
	note = {id: 1787},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {476-481},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Jones, G. A. and Schneider, R. J. and McNichol, A. P. and Cohen, G. J. and Purser, K. H.}
}
