@article {hanke_sequential_2023,
	title = {Sequential thermal analysis of complex organic mixtures: Procedural standards and improved CO2 purification capacity},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {65},
	number = {2},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
	month = {03/2023},
	pages = {389{\textendash}409},
	abstract = {Sequential thermal analysis allows for deconvoluting the refractory nature and complexity of carbon mixtures embedded in mineral matrices for subsequent offline stable carbon and radiocarbon (14C) isotope analyses. Originally developed to separate Holocene from more ancient sedimentary organic matter to improve dating of marine sediments, the Ramped Pyrolysis and Oxidation (RPO) apparatus, or informally, the {\textquotedblleft}dirt burner{\textquotedblright} is now used to address pressing questions in the broad field of biogeochemistry. The growing interest in the community now necessitates improved handling and procedures for routine analyses of difficult sample types. Here we report on advances in CO2 purification during sample processing, modifications to the instrumentation at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility, and introduce sodium bicarbonate procedural standards with differing natural abundance 14C signatures for blank assessment. Measurements from different environmental samples are used to compare the procedure to the different generations of sequential thermal analyses. With this study, we aim to improve the standardization of the procedures and prepare this instrumentation for innovations in online stable carbon isotopes and direct AMS-interface measurements in the future.},
	keywords = {chemical analysis, dirt burner, full oxidation (FOX) mode, Radiocarbon dating, ramped pyrolysis oxidation},
	issn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2023.13},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/sequential-thermal-analysis-of-complex-organic-mixtures-procedural-standards-and-improved-co2-purification-capacity/E225F01B421614EE176553014E7B38BE},
	author = {Hanke, Ulrich M. and Gagnon, Alan R. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Gaylord, Mary C. Lardie and Cruz, Anne J. and Galy, Valier and Hansman, Roberta L. and Kurz, Mark D.}
}
@article {sherman_styles_2023,
	title = {Styles and rates of mesophotic reef accretion on a Caribbean insular slope},
	journal = {Coral Reefs},
	year = {2023},
	month = {08/2023},
	abstract = {Structural framework is fundamental to the concept of a coral-algal reef. However, our current understanding of reef framework is based largely upon studies of relatively shallow systems that formed at water depths of less than 30~m. There is comparatively limited information on deeper, mesophotic reef frameworks. Short drill cores collected at depths of \textasciitilde 50~m on the steep insular slope of southwest Puerto Rico allow for documentation of the composition and accretion rates of mesophotic reef framework. Framework is dominated by platy agariciid corals (Agaricia spp.) and autochthonous micrite (automicrite) with calcareous algae, corallines and peyssonnelids, forming a secondary component. Conspicuously, well-lithified automicrite constitutes a major structural and volumetric component of the framework. It is composed of magnesian calcite and displays irregular clotted, peloidal and fenestral fabrics, consistent with in situ formation. Radiocarbon ages of corals and automicrite indicate that they have formed recently (< 4~ka) and coevally in their current setting over a period of relative environmental stability. The steep slope gradient and associated dynamic oceanographic conditions may allow for extensive automicrite formation. Mesophotic reef accretion is occurring on the steep slope, though at slow rates of \textasciitilde 0.3~m~ka-1.},
	keywords = {Autochthonous micrite (automicrite), Mesophotic coral ecosystem, Reef accretion, Reef framework},
	issn = {1432-0975},
	doi = {10.1007/s00338-023-02402-7},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-023-02402-7},
	author = {Sherman, Clark E. and Carlo, Milton and Tuohy, Evan and Adey, Walter H.}
}
@article {lu_surface_2023,
	title = {Surface climate signals transmitted rapidly to deep North Atlantic throughout last millennium},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {382},
	number = {6672},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	month = {11/2023},
	pages = {834{\textendash}839},
	chapter = {834},
	abstract = {Instrumental observations of subsurface ocean warming imply that ocean heat uptake has slowed 20th-century surface warming. We present high-resolution records from subpolar North Atlantic sediments that are consistent with instrumental observations of surface and deep warming/freshening and in addition reconstruct the surface-deep relation of the last 1200 years. Sites from \textasciitilde1300 meters and deeper suggest an \textasciitilde0.5 degrees celsius cooling across the Medieval Climate Anomaly to Little Ice Age transition that began \textasciitilde1350 {\textpm} 50 common era (CE), whereas surface records suggest asynchronous cooling onset spanning \textasciitilde600 years. These data suggest that ocean circulation integrates surface variability that is transmitted rapidly to depth by the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation, implying that the ocean moderated Earth{\textquoteright}s surface temperature throughout the last millennium as it does today.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.adf1646},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf1646},
	author = {Lu, Wanyi and Oppo, Delia W. and Gebbie, Geoffrey and Thornalley, David J. R.}
}
@article {3005,
	title = {Sediment Accumulation and Carbon Burial in Four Hadal Trench Systems},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {n/a},
	year = {2022},
	note = {<p>e2022JG006814 2022JG006814</p>},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {e2022JG006814},
	abstract = {Hadal trenches are considered to act as depocenters for organic material, although pathways for the material transport and deposition rates are poorly constrained. Here we assess focusing, deposition and accumulation of material and organic carbon in four hadal trench systems underlying different surface ocean productivities; the eutrophic Atacama and Kuril-Kamchatka trenches, the mesotrophic Kermadec trench and the oligotrophic Mariana Trench. The study is based on the distributions of naturally occurring 210Pbex, 137Cs and total organic carbon from recovered sediment cores and by applying previously quantified benthic mineralization rates. Periods of steady deposition and discreet mass-wasting deposits were identified from the profiles and the latter were associated with historic recorded seismic events in the respective regions. During periods without mass wasting, the estimated focusing factors along trench axes were elevated, suggesting more or less continuous downslope focusing of material towards the interior of the trenches. The estimated organic carbon deposition rates during these periods exhibited extensive site-specific variability, but were generally similar to values encountered at much shallower settings such as continental slopes and margins. Organic carbon deposition rates during periods of steady deposition were not mirrored by surface ocean productivity, but appeared confounded by local bathymetry. The inclusion of deposition mediated by mass-wasting events enhanced the sediment and organic carbon accumulations for the past \~{}150 years by up to a factor of \~{}4. Thus, due to intensified downslope material focusing and infrequent mass-wasting events, hadal trenches are important sites for deposition and sequestration of organic carbon in the deep sea.},
	keywords = {focusing factor, Hadal trench, mass accumulation rate, mass-wasting event, organic carbon deposition rate, radionuclides},
	isbn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2022JG006814},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022JG006814},
	author = {Oguri, Kazumasa and Masqu{\'e}, Pere and Zabel, Matthias and Stewart, Heather A. and MacKinnon, Gillian and Rowden, Ashley A. and Berg, Peter and Wenzh{\"o}fer, Frank and Glud, Ronnie N.}
}
@article {kruger_sediment_2022,
	title = {Sediment organic matter compositional changes in a tropical rift lake as a function of water depth and distance from shore},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11/2022},
	pages = {104527},
	abstract = {Little is known of modern carbon cycling in East African rift lakes. These large tropical systems with anoxic bottom waters can act as test cases for carbon cycling under future climate change scenarios as well as key sediment repositories for paleolimnology studies and fossil fuel generation. This study is the first to combine stable and radiocarbon isotopic information on bulk sediment and biomarkers (n-alcohols) in an African rift lake by investigating surface sediments collected on a nearshore to offshore transect in northern Lake Malawi. This study is also the first to report radiocarbon content in water column particulate organic, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon from an African rift lake. General surface-sediment trends with increasing water depth were an increase in \%TOC, and decreases in grain size, δ13C and C/N. Carbon radioisotope analyses showed that bulk sedimentary organic matter was modern across the transect. Biomarker data indicated a primarily aquatic origin for sedimentary organic matter at offshore sites; terrestrial material dominated the n-alcohol signature closest to the shore. Protokerogen stable isotope signatures were similar, and radiocarbon was somewhat depleted relative to bulk sediment organic matter. As compared to bulk organic matter, lipids were 13C-depleted throughout the sampling transect and 14C-depleted at the most nearshore location. This indicates an aged lipid carbon source and likely significant diagenetic alteration of modern sources prior to deposition in nearshore sediments, perhaps a combination of soil erosion, in-river processing, sediment resuspension and mobilization, and preferential degradation of younger organic matter in the oxic nearshore region.},
	keywords = {-Alcohols, C/N ratio, carbon isotopes, Lake Malawi, Protokerogen, radiocarbon, Sedimentary organic carbon},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2022.104527},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638022001619},
	author = {Kruger, Brittany R. and Werne, Josef P. and Minor, Elizabeth C.}
}
@article {2953,
	title = {Sources and Behavior of Particulate Organic Carbon in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea Based on 13C, 14C, and 234Th},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-04-2022},
	abstract = {The cycling of particulate organic carbon (POC) in continental shelf regions of the Yellow Sea (YS) and the East China Sea (ECS) was investigated by analyzing the concentrations and carbon isotope signatures (δ13C, Δ14C) of POC, together with the particulate aluminum (Al) concentration and 234Th activity over the period 10{\textendash}20 August 2020. POC concentrations in the surface layer (0{\textendash}20 m) were twice as high as those in the middle layer (20{\textendash}50 m); the highest concentrations of all were observed in the bottom layer (> 50 m) of the YS and the region affected by Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW). Particulate Al concentrations in the bottom layer were three times higher than those in the overlying water column, indicating extensive sediment resuspension. Based on the three-endmember mixing model for the dual carbon isotopes, the estimated contribution of resuspended sedimentary organic carbon to POC ranged from 18\% in the surface layer to 65\% in the bottom layer. The contribution of riverine input to POC ranged from < 5\% in the CDW region to \~{}45\% in the surface layer of the YS region, whereas that of in situ production was \~{}40\% in the entire study region. A deficiency of 234Th relative to 238U indicates short residence times of particles in the entire water column (2.6 {\textpm} 2.2 d). The flux of POC settling to the seafloor, calculated based on 234Th{\textendash}238U disequilibrium, was 47{\textendash}125 mmol m{\textendash}2 d{\textendash}1. The POC settling flux was one to two orders of magnitude higher than the burial rate of POC in the underlying sediment, implying the rapid decomposition of POC before incorporation into the sediment. Thus, sediment resuspension is prevalent and an important component of the POC cycling in this shelf region. Overall, our study revealed the complex nature of POC cycling on this shelf, quantified the relative importance of each source of POC, and determined POC flux to the sediment.},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2022.793556},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.793556/full},
	author = {Seo, Junhyeong and Kim, Guebuem and Hwang, Jeomshik}
}
@article {2977,
	title = {Subsurface Microbial Community Composition in Anchialine Environments Is Influenced by Original Organic Carbon Source at Time of Deposition},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	month = {04/2022},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Prokaryotes constitute the majority of sedimentary biomass, where they cycle organic carbon and regulate organic matter transformation. The microbes inhabiting sediment are diverse and the factors controlling microbial community composition are not fully understood. Here, we characterized the prokaryotic community using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 24 stratigraphic layers within a 89 cm (dated to 1900 years old) sediment core from an anchialine sinkhole in the Bahamas with a stratified water column and anoxic bottom water. The microbial community was dominated by members of the Alphaproteobacteria, Dehalococcoidia, Gammaproteobacteria, Bathyarchaeota, and Campylobacter classes. Most interestingly, subsurface microbial community structure could be correlated to previous evidence for timewise changes in the main source of organic matter that was supplied to the sediment accumulating during the last 2000 years, which itself was caused by regional terrestrial vegetation changes. The C:N ratio was correlated to the relative abundance of the microbial classes, and the microbial communities followed three previously determined time periods based on the source of organic matter, which suggests that the carbon source at time of deposition influences the resultant subsurface microbial community composition. These results show that carbon source is a driver of the microbial community composition inhabiting anoxic sediment, which could have implications for improving understanding of carbon cycling in coastal sedimentary basins.},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2022.872789},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.872789/full},
	author = {Risley, Catherine A. and Tamalavage, Anne E. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Labonte, Jessica M.}
}
@article {walsh_synergy_2022,
	title = {Synergy between Sunlight, Titanium Dioxide, and Microbes Enhances Cellulose Diacetate Degradation in the Ocean},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: American Chemical Society},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {13810{\textendash}13819},
	abstract = {Sunlight chemically transforms marine plastics into a suite of products, with formulation-the specific mixture of polymers and additives-driving rates and products. However, the effect of light-driven transformations on subsequent microbial lability is poorly understood. Here, we examined the interplay between photochemical and biological degradation of fabrics made from cellulose diacetate (CDA), a biobased polymer used commonly in consumer products. We also examined the influence of \~{}1\% titanium dioxide (TiO2), a common pigment and photocatalyst. We sequentially exposed CDA to simulated sunlight and native marine microbes to understand how photodegradation influences metabolic rates and pathways. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that sunlight initiated chain scission reactions, reducing CDA{\textquoteright}s average molecular weight. Natural abundance carbon isotope measurements demonstrated that chain scission ultimately yields CO2, a newly identified abiotic loss term of CDA in the environment. Measurements of fabric mass loss and enzymatic activities in seawater implied that photodegradation enhanced biodegradation by performing steps typically facilitated by cellulase. TiO2 accelerated CDA photodegradation, expediting biodegradation. Collectively, these findings (i) underline the importance of formulation in plastic{\textquoteright}s environmental fate and (ii) suggest that overlooking synergy between photochemical and biological degradation may lead to overestimates of marine plastic persistence.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.2c04348},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04348},
	author = {Walsh, Anna N. and Mazzotta, Michael G. and Nelson, Taylor F. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Ward, Collin P.}
}
@article {2942,
	title = {Soil Organic Carbon Development and Turnover in Natural and Disturbed Salt Marsh Environments},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Apr-01-2023},
	abstract = {Salt marsh survival with sea-level rise (SLR) increasingly relies on soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and preservation. Using a novel combination of geochemical approaches, we characterized fine SOC (<=1 mm) supporting marsh elevation maintenance. Overlaying thermal reactivity, source (δ13C), and age (F14C) information demonstrates several processes contributing to soil development: marsh grass production, redeposition of eroded material, and microbial reworking. Redeposition of old carbon, likely from creekbanks, represented \~{}9\%{\textendash}17\% of shallow SOC (<=26 cm). Soils stored marsh grass-derived compounds with a range of reactivities that were reworked over centuries-to-millennia. Decomposition decreases SOC thermal reactivity throughout the soil column while the decades-long disturbance of ponding accelerated this shift in surface horizons. Empirically derived estimates of SOC turnover based on geochemical composition spanned a wide range (640{\textendash}9,951 years) and have the potential to inform predictions of marsh ecosystem evolution.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL090287},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL090287},
	author = {Luk, Sheron Y. and Todd-Brown, Katherine and Eagle, Meagan and McNichol, Ann P. and Sanderman, Jonathan and Gosselin, Kelsey and Spivak, Amanda C.}
}
@article {2834,
	title = {Sedimentary evidence of prehistoric distant-source tsunamis in the Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-04-2020},
	pages = {1249 - 1273},
	abstract = {Over the past 200 years of written records, the Hawaiian Islands have experienced tens of tsunamis generated by earthquakes in the subduction zones of the Pacific {\textquoteleft}Ring of Fire{\textquoteright} (for example, Alaska{\textendash}Aleutian, Kuril{\textendash}Kamchatka, Chile and Japan). Mapping and dating anomalous beds of sand and silt deposited by tsunamis in low-lying areas along Pacific coasts, even those distant from subduction zones, is critical for assessing tsunami hazard throughout the Pacific basin. This study searched for evidence of tsunami inundation using stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses of potential tsunami deposits beneath present and former Hawaiian wetlands, coastal lagoons, and river floodplains. Coastal wetland sites on the islands of Hawai΄i, Maui, O΄ahu and Kaua΄i were selected based on historical tsunami runup, numerical inundation modelling, proximity to sandy source sediments, degree of historical wetland disturbance, and breadth of prior geological and archaeological investigations. Sand beds containing marine calcareous sediment within peaty and/or muddy wetland deposits on the north and north-eastern shores of Kaua΄i, O΄ahu and Hawai΄i were interpreted as tsunami deposits. At some sites, deposits of the 1946 and 1957 Aleutian tsunamis are analogues for deeper, older probable tsunami deposits. Radiocarbon-based age models date sand beds from three sites to ca 700 to 500 cal yr bp, which overlaps ages for tsunami deposits in the eastern Aleutian Islands that record a local subduction zone earthquake. The overlapping modelled ages for tsunami deposits at the study sites support a plausible correlation with an eastern Aleutian earthquake source for a large prehistoric tsunami in the Hawaiian Islands.},
	keywords = {Aleutians, deposit, distant source, extreme events, Hawai΄i, palaeotsunami},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1111/sed.12623},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sed.12623},
	author = {La Selle, SeanPaul and Richmond, Bruce M. and Jaffe, Bruce E. and Nelson, Alan R. and Griswold, Frances R. and Arcos, Maria E. M. and Chagu{\'e}, Catherine and Bishop, James M. and Bellanova, Piero and Kane, Haunani H. and Lunghino, Brent D. and Gelfenbaum, Guy},
	editor = {Costa, Pedro}
}
@booklet {hurwitz_silicified_2020,
	title = {Silicified wood from around Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey data release},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Type: dataset},
	publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood was performed at the U.S. Geological Survey{\textquoteright}s Radiocarbon Laboratory in Denver, Colorado. All samples were chemically treated using the standard acid-base-acid (ABA) procedure before being combusted online in the presence of excess high-purity oxygen. Water and other contaminant gases were removed using cryogenic separation techniques, and the resulting purified CO2 gas was measured manometrically and converted to graphite using an iron catalyst and hydrogen reduction (Vogel et al., 1984). Graphite targets were then submitted for accelerator mass spectrometry 14C analysis at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

All 14C ages were calibrated using the IntCal13 dataset and CALIB 7.1html (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; Reimer et al., 2013). Calibrated age ranges are presented in calibrated years before present (BP; 0 yr BP = 1950 A.D.), and uncertainties are given at the 95\% (2sigma) confidence level.

Select sub-samples of silicified wood were excised with a stainless-steel razor blade and massed into 4 x 6 mm tin capsules (Costech Analytical, Inc, USA). Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis was conducted by continuous flow-isotope ratio mass spectrometry at the U.S. Geological Survey{\textquoteright}s Stable Isotope Laboratory in Denver, Colorado using a Carlo Erba NC1500 interfaced to a Micromass Optima mass spectrometer.  Isotopic data are reported in per mil notation after normalization to VPDB with USGS 40 (δ13C = -26.39 {\textperthousand}) and USGS 41A (δ13C = 36.55 {\textperthousand}).

This research was conducted under Yellowstone Research Permit YELL-SCI-8030.},
	doi = {10.5066/P9LEQ5HC},
	url = {https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/get/5eb9b5ba82ce25b5135d2718},
	author = {Hurwitz, Shaul and Peek, Sara E and Pigati, Jeff and Honke, Jeff and Damby, David E and Stricker, Craig A and King, John}
}
@article {2667,
	title = {Sources and radiocarbon ages of organic carbon in different grain size fractions of Yellow River-transported particles and coastal sediments},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {534},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-02-2020},
	pages = {119452},
	keywords = {organic matter, RadiocarbonStable carbon isotope, Sediment grain size, Yellow River},
	issn = {00092541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119452},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254119305819},
	author = {Ge, Tiantian and Xue, Yuejun and Jiang, Xueyan and Zou, Li and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2669,
	title = {The southern Gulf of Mexico: A baseline radiocarbon isoscape of surface sediments and isotopic excursions at depth},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Mar-04-2021},
	pages = {e0231678},
	abstract = {The southern Gulf of Mexico (sGoM) is home to an extensive oil recovery and development infrastructure. In addition, the basin harbors sites of submarine hydrocarbon seepage and receives terrestrial inputs from bordering rivers. We used stable carbon, nitrogen, and radiocarbon analyses of bulk sediment organic matter to define the current baseline isoscapes of surface sediments in the sGoM and determined which factors might influence them. These baseline surface isoscapes will be useful for accessing future environmental impacts. We also examined the region for influence of hydrocarbon deposition in the sedimentary record that might be associated with hydrocarbon recovery, spillage and seepage, as was found in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in 2010. In 1979, the sGoM experienced a major oil spill, Ixtoc 1. Surface sediment δ13C values ranged from -22.4{\textperthousand} to -19.9{\textperthousand}, while Δ14C values ranged from -337.1{\textperthousand} to -69.2{\textperthousand}.
Sediment δ15N values ranged from 2.8{\textperthousand} to 7.2{\textperthousand}, while the \%C on a carbonate-free basis ranged in value of 0.65\% to 3.89\% and \%N ranged in value of 0.09\% to 0.49\%. Spatial trends for δ13C and Δ14C were driven by water depth and distance from the coastline, while spatial trends for δ15N were driven by location (latitude and longitude). Location and distance from the coastline were significantly correlated with \%C and \%N. At depth in two of twenty (10\%) core profiles, we found negative δ13C and Δ14C excursions from baseline values in bulk sedimentary organic material, consistent with either oil-residue deposition or terrestrial inputs, but likely the latter. We then used 210Pb dating on those two profiles to determine the time in which the excursion-containing horizons were deposited. Despite the large spill in 1979, no evidence of hydrocarbon residue remained in the sediments from this specific time period.},
	keywords = {Gulf of Mexico, hydrocarbons, Oil spills, Oils, Petroleum, Sediment},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.023167810.1371},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32294128},
	author = {Bosman, Samantha H. and Schwing, Patrick T. and Larson, Rebekka A. and Wildermann, Natalie E. and Brooks, Gregg R. and Romero, Isabel C. and Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert and Ruiz-Fern{\'a}ndez, Ana Carolina and Machain-Castillo, Maria Luisa and Gracia, Adolfo and Escobar-Briones, Elva and Murawski, Steven A. and Hollander, David J. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.},
	editor = {Potter-McIntyre, Sally}
}
@article {2671,
	title = {Spatial and temporal variability in Mediterranean climate over the last millennium from vermetid isotope records and CMIP5/PMIP3 models},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {189},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-06-2020},
	pages = {103159},
	abstract = {Stable isotope compositions of oxygen (delta O-18) and carbon (delta C-1(3)) of the aragonite skeleton of the reef-building gastropod Dendropoma petreaum provide high-resolution records of the Mediterranean climate over the last millennium. In particular, the isotopic composition of vermetid cores collected from the west and east Mediterranean reveals that the different regions have had distinct thermal and primary production behaviors throughout the last millennium. The rate of warming in the recent Industrial Period is variable among the different regions of the Mediterranean Sea. The delta O-18-derived Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies show that the Eastern Mediterranean surface temperature is increasing much more rapidly than in the Western Mediterranean. Additionally, the signals of the Little Ice Age and of the Medieval Climate Anomaly are more apparent in the western and in the central Mediterranean while they are almost absent in the eastern Mediterranean.

We aim to reconcile the SST temporal and spatial pattern with the variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the South Asian Monsoon (SAM) climate systems by analyzing coupled atmosphere-ocean models from the CMIP5/PMIP3 projects that simulate the global climate of the past 1000 years. We show that even though the NAO is more dominant in the western Mediterranean SST, its latitudinal movement, on a centennial time scale, is evident in the eastern Mediterranean SST signal. We also discuss the Atlantic water inflow role in the observed similarities of the surface productivity signals and the Suess effect that prevail the Industrial Period signal in all regions of the Mediterranean.},
	issn = {09218181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103159},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103159},
	author = {Amitai, Yael and Yam, Ruth and Montagna, Paolo and Devoti, Saverio and Correa, Matthias L{\'o}pez and Shemesh, Aldo}
}
@article {2845,
	title = {Stable source of Holocene spring precipitation recorded in leaf wax hydrogen-isotope ratios from two New York lakes},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {240},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-07-2020},
	pages = {106357},
	abstract = {Changes in synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns are thought to play a role in establishing millennial scale climate periods during the end of the late glacial and the Holocene. In the northeastern United States, multi-proxy evidence documents fluctuations in effective moisture and temperatures for this time period, but constraining the relationship between atmospheric processes and these climate regimes is not straightforward. Because the hydrogen-isotope ratios of sedimentary terrestrial leaf waxes can reflect precipitation δD, these long-chain hydrocarbon compounds are an excellent tool to investigate moisture sourcing. Here we present lake sediment and leaf wax carbon- and hydrogen-isotope records that span the past \~{}14.0 thousand years from Heart Lake and Moose Pond in the Adirondack Mountains (ADK), New York. High initial lake productivity after basin inception is reflected in low C:N ratios (<15), and higher relative short chain n-alkane (n-C17, n-C19, and n-C21) to long chain n-alkane (n-C27, n-C29 and n-C31) concentration ratios. The Holocene record is characterized by low bulk and n-alkane δ13C (\~{} -28{\textperthousand}, \~{} -31{\textperthousand}, respectively), high ACL25-35 (\~{}28), and high relative concentrations of long chain n-alkane homologues, indicating a dominantly terrestrial source of organic matter for this time period. Hydrogen-isotope ratios of n-C29 n-alkane from both lake basins range only \~{}20{\textperthousand} through the Holocene and reconstructed precipitation δD (δDprecip) from both basins is in good agreement with that of modern modeled spring precipitation. This suggests there may have been no major changes in the sourcing of spring precipitation for the ADK throughout the time of record.},
	keywords = {Holocene, Hydrogen isotopes, late glacial, Leaf wax, North America, Organic geochemistry, paleoclimatology, Precipitation sourcing},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106357},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S027737912030319X},
	author = {Schartman, Anna K. and Diefendorf, Aaron F. and Lowell, Thomas V. and Freimuth, Erika J. and Stewart, Alexander K. and Landis, Joshua D. and Bates, Benjamin R.}
}
@article {2758,
	title = {Salt marsh ecosystem restructuring enhances elevation resilience and carbon storage during accelerating relative sea-level rise},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {217},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {56 - 68},
	abstract = {

Salt marshes respond to sea-level rise through a series of complex and dynamic bio-physical feedbacks. In this study, we found that sea-level rise triggered salt marsh habitat restructuring, with the associated vegetation changes enhancing salt marsh elevation resilience. A continuous record of marsh elevation relative to sea level that includes reconstruction of high-resolution, sub-decadal, marsh elevation over the past century, coupled with a lower-resolution 1500-year record, revealed that relative sea-level rose 1.5 {\textpm} 0.4 m, following local glacial isostatic adjustment (1.2 mm/yr). As sea-level rise has rapidly accelerated, the high marsh zone dropped 11 cm within the tidal frame since 1932, leading to greater inundation and a shift to flood- and salt-tolerant low marsh species. Once the marsh platform fell to the elevation favored by low-marsh Spartina alterniflora, the elevation stabilized relative to sea level. Currently low marsh accretion keeps pace with sea-level rise, while present day high marsh zones that have not transitioned to low marsh have a vertical accretion deficit. Greater biomass productivity, and an expanding subsurface accommodation space favorable for salt marsh organic matter preservation, provide a positive feed-back between sea-level rise and marsh platform elevation. Carbon storage was 46 {\textpm} 28 g C/m2/yr from 550 to 1800 CE, increasing to 129 {\textpm} 50 g C/m2/yr in the last decade. Enhanced carbon storage is controlled by vertical accretion rates, rather than soil carbon density, and is a direct response to anthropogenic eustatic sea-level rise, ultimately providing a negative feedback on climate warming.
},
	keywords = {14-Carbon, accretion, Carbon storage, Elevation, Salt marsh, Sea level index point, sea-level rise},
	issn = {02727714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.11.003},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272771418306851},
	author = {Gonneea, Meagan Eagle and Maio, Christopher V. and Kroeger, Kevin D. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Mora, Jordan and Sullivan, Richard and Madsen, Stephanie and Buzard, Richard M. and Cahill, Niamh and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2854,
	title = {Sea Level Rise Explains Changing Carbon Accumulation Rates in a Salt Marsh Over the Past Two Millennia},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Sep-10-2019},
	pages = {2945 - 2957},
	abstract = {High rates of carbon burial observed in wetland sediments have garnered attention as a potential {\textquotedblleft}natural fix{\textquotedblright} to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Earth{\textquoteright}s atmosphere. A carbon accumulation rate (CAR) can be determined through various methods that integrate a carbon stock over different time periods, ranging from decades to millennia. Our goal was to assess how CAR changed over the lifespan of a salt marsh. We applied a geochronology to a series of salt marsh cores using both 14C and 210Pb markers to calculate CARs that were integrated between 35 and 2,460 years before present. CAR was 39 g C{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}year-1 when integrated over millennia but was upward of 148 g C{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}year-1 for the past century. We present additional evidence to account for this variability by linking it to changes in relative sea level rise (RSLR), where higher rates of RSLR were associated with higher CARs. Thus, the CAR calculated for a wetland should integrate timescales that capture the influence of contemporary RSLR. Therefore, caution should be exercised not to utilize a CAR calculated over inappropriately short or long timescales as a current assessment or forecasting tool for the climate change mitigation potential of a wetland.},
	keywords = {Carbon storage, Geochronology, Salt marsh, sea-level rise},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JG005207},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JG005207},
	author = {McTigue, Nathan and Davis, Jenny and Rodriguez, Antonio B. and McKee, Brent and Atencio, Anna and Currin, Carolyn}
}
@article {2728,
	title = {Sea-level, monsoonal, and anthropogenic impacts on the millennial-scale variability of siliciclastic sediment input into the western Philippine sea since 27 ka},
	journal = {Journal of Asian Earth Sciences},
	volume = {177},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-06-2019},
	pages = {250 - 262},
	abstract = {Multiproxy records from Core MD06-3054 in the western Philippine Sea and published results from the nearby Core MD06-3052, which are both located at the northern margin of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), provide precise reconstructions and evidence for the potential controls on continental erosion and weathering intensities in Luzon. These data also constrain sediment source-to-sink processes in the sea since 27 ka at the millennial scale. We demonstrate that the siliciclastic fraction is derived from Luzon volcanic rocks and eolian dust from mainland Asia. Stronger physical erosion and chemical weathering generally occurred during the last glaciation, Heinrich Event 1, the Younger Dryas, and the period from 10.3 to 11.3 ka. In contrast, the B{\o}lling-Aller{\o}d was characterized by weaker physical erosion and chemical weathering. During the last glaciation, Heinrich Event 1, and the Younger Dryas, the lower sea level led to enhanced erosion and weathering of the exposed shelf sediments. In contrast, the weaker physical erosion and chemical weathering that occurred during the B{\o}lling-Aller{\o}d and the Holocene, except after 2.1 ka, are closely correlated with the higher sea level. The stronger physical erosion and chemical weathering at 10.3{\textendash}11.3 ka may be derived from the reworking of older sediments during the time of a strengthening summer monsoon. Furthermore, enhanced human activity since 2.1 ka has become the dominant control on erosion in Luzon. Rapid weathering changes in the WPWP during the last deglaciation highlight the high variability in local controls at low latitudes during these periods and the potential influence of controls at high latitudes.},
	issn = {13679120},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.04.001},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1367912019301506},
	author = {Xu, Zhaokai and Li, Tiegang and Clift, Peter D. and Wan, Shiming and Lim, Dhongil and Chang, Fengming and Sun, Rongtao}
}
@article {2822,
	title = {Sediment accumulation and sedimentation rates in playas on the High Plains of western Kansas, USA},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {342},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-10-2019},
	pages = {117 - 126},
	abstract = {Grassland ecosystems are some of the most modified ecosystems in the world, largely due to conversion to cropland, and the High Plains of the central United States is no exception. Playa wetlands are ubiquitous features of the High Plains and have experienced increased sediment accumulation, which is the primary cause of reduced playa ecosystem function. Seven playas on the High Plains of western Kansas, five with cropland-dominated watersheds and two with grassland-dominated watersheds, were examined to quantify the amount of recent (past ~100{\textendash}175 yr) sediment accumulated within playas and to establish chronologies of playa filling. Thicknesses of recent sediment were determined in the field, and soil cores were extracted from study playas. Four playa cores were analyzed for 210Pb to establish the chronology of recent sediment accumulation and sedimentation rates. Chronologies of pre-agricultural sediments and sedimentation rates were calculated by 14C dating of buried soils preserved within playa cores. Radiocarbon ages indicate playa stratigraphic records span the Holocene and that these playas have persisted on the landscape since at least the Late Pleistocene. Long-term, natural sedimentation rates were highest during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and early Holocene, at ~2{\textendash}4 cm/century. During the middle and late Holocene, sedimentation rates averaged ~1 cm/century. Cropland playas accumulated ~10{\textendash}15 cm of recent sediment at average rates of ~6.5{\textendash}10 cm/century, while grassland playas accumulated only ~2 cm of recent sediment. Conversion of watersheds to cropland has greatly accelerated sediment accumulation within playas, which is generally resulting in a decline in critical playa ecosystem functions.},
	keywords = {210Pb, Agricultural, chronology, Holocene, Radiocarbon dating, sedimentation},
	issn = {0169555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.06.014},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X19302612},
	author = {Bowen, Mark W. and Johnson, William C.}
}
@article {2910,
	title = {Sedimentary Data from Grand Bay, Alabama/Mississippi, 2014{\textendash}2016},
	year = {2019},
	publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	abstract = {This data release is an archive of sedimentary field and laboratory analytical data collected in Grand Bay, Alabama/Mississippi from 2014-2016 by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS SPCMSC). This work, a component of the SPCMSC{\textquoteright}s Sea-level and Storm Impacts on Estuarine Environments and Shorelines (SSIEES) project, provides the necessary data to quantify sedimentation rates and sediment sources for the marsh and estuary. The SSIEES project objective is to evaluate the exchange of sediment material between the marsh and estuary due to extreme storms and sea-level rise. Micropaleontological data from select cores and surface samples are available in Haller and others (2018, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MC8X5F, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7445KSG). Single-beam bathymetry of Grand Bay proper and multi-beam bathymetry of several marsh-edge eroding shorelines are reported in Dewitt and others (2017, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1070) and Stalk and others (2018, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MC8Z9N), respectively. Subbottom and sidescan sonar data for Grand Bay proper are reported in Locker and others (2018, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9374DKQ).

This publication includes data for the sediment cores and surface sediments taken in Grand Bay marsh and estuary during five sampling periods of this study, which were designated as USGS Field Activity Numbers (FAN) 2014-323-FA (project ID 14CCT01), 2015-315-FA (project ID 15CCT02), 2016-331-FA (project ID 16CCT03), 2016-348-FA (project ID 16CCT04), and 2016-358-FA (project ID 16CCT07). Data products include: GPS-derived site locations and elevations; core photographs, logs, and x-radiographs; lithologic, radiochemical, elemental composition, stable isotopic composition, and radiocarbon data; and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.

Note: This data release was versioned on April 28, 2020. Please see the Suggested Citation section for details.},
	doi = {10.5066/P9FO8R3Y},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FO8R3Y},
	author = {Marot, Marci and Smith, Christopher G. and McCloskey, Terrence A. and Locker, Stanley D.}
}
@article {2665,
	title = {Selective Preservation of Coccolith Calcite in Ontong-Java Plateau Sediments},
	journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2019},
	month = {May-12-2021},
	pages = {2141 - 2157},
	keywords = {BIOMINERALIZATION, caco3 dissolution, CEARA RISE, dissolution kinetics, IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; DEEP-SEA CARBONATES; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC, surface sediments, WATER INTERFACE},
	issn = {2572-4517},
	doi = {10.1029/2019PA003731},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8DpsdyQUduuojUwg61F\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=ab9062f8-b111-4f95-},
	author = {Subhas, Adam V. and McCorkle, Daniel C. and Quizon, Alex and McNichol, Ann P. and Long, Matthew H.}
}
@article {2872,
	title = {Shellfish, Geophytes, and Sedentism on Early Holocene Santa Rosa Island, Alta California, USA},
	journal = {The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Mar-03-2021},
	pages = {1 - 21},
	abstract = {Archaeobotanical remains recovered from a large \~{}8000-year-old-shell midden (CA-SRI-666) on Santa Rosa Island provide the first ancient plant data from this large island, shedding light on ancient patterns of plant use, subsistence, and sedentism. Faunal data from shell midden samples retrieved from three site loci contain evidence for harvesting of rocky intertidal shellfish and estuarine clams and oysters from a paleo-estuary in the vicinity. CA-SRI-666 appears to have been an Early Holocene village site occupied year round. A key to the development of early sedentary societies on the island may have been geophytes, especially Brodiaea-type corms, which provided an abundant source of carbohydrates and calories that complemented marine resources rich in fat and whole animal proteins. Our data demonstrate the value of integrating paleobotanical and zooarchaeological data from island and coastal archaeological sites to help elucidate human social, cultural, and environmental dynamics, including sedentism.},
	issn = {1556-4894},
	doi = {10.1080/15564894.2019.1579272},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15564894.2019.1579272?journalCode=uica20},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Ainis, Amira F. and Gill, Kristina M. and Jew, Nicholas P. and Reeder-Myers, Leslie A.}
}
@article {2757,
	title = {Significance of Perylene for Source Allocation of Terrigenous Organic Matter in Aquatic SedimentsSignificance of Perylene for Source Allocation of Terrigenous Organic Matter in Aquatic Sediments},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr-07-2020},
	pages = {8244 - 8251},
	abstract = {Perylene is a frequently abundant, and sometimes the only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in aquatic sediments, but its origin has been subject of a longstanding debate in geochemical research and pollutant forensics because its historical record differs markedly from typical anthropogenic PAHs. Here we investigate whether perylene serves as a source-specific molecular marker of fungal activity in forest soils. We use a well-characterized sedimentary record (1735-1999) from the anoxic-bottom waters of the Pettaquamscutt River basin, RI to examine mass accumulation rates and isotope records of perylene, and compare them with total organic carbon and the anthropogenic PAH fluoranthene. We support our arguments with radiocarbon (14C) data of higher plant leaf-wax n-alkanoic acids. Isotope-mass balance-calculations of perylene and n-alkanoic acids indicate that \~{}40\% of sedimentary organic matter is of terrestrial origin. Further, both terrestrial markers are pre-aged on millennial time-scales prior to burial in sediments and are insensitive to elevated 14C concentrations following nuclear weapons testing in the mid-20th Century. Instead, changes coincide with enhanced erosional flux during urban sprawl. These findings suggest that perylene is definitely a product of soil-derived fungi, and a powerful chemical tracer to study the spatial and temporal connectivity between terrestrial and aquatic environments. },
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.9b0234410.1021/acs.est.9b02344.s001},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.9b02344},
	author = {Hanke, Ulrich M. and Lima-Braun, Ana L. and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Galy, Valier and Poussart, Pascale and Hughen, Konrad and McNichol, Ann P. and Xu, Li and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@article {2666,
	title = {Single step Production of graphite from organic Samples for Radiocarbon Measurements},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-12-2019},
	pages = {1843 - 1854},
	abstract = {We present a new low-cost, high-throughput method for converting many types of organic carbon samples into graphite for radiocarbon (14C) measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The method combines sample combustion and reduction to graphite into a single procedure. In the Single Step method, solid samples are placed directly into Pyrex containing zinc, titanium hydride and iron catalyst. The tube is evacuated, flame sealed, and placed in a muffle furnace for 7 hr. A variety of organic samples have been tested including oxalic acid, sucrose, wood, peat, collagen, humic acid, and contamination swipe samples. The method significantly reduces the time required to produce a graphite sample for 14C measurement, with analytical precision and accuracy approaching that of traditional two-step combustion and hydrogen reduction methods. The details and applicability of the method are presented.},
	keywords = {graphite, radiocarbon, sealed tube graphite, single step graphite},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2019.136},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S003382221900136X/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S003382221900136X},
	author = {Elder, K L and Roberts, M L and Walther, T and Xu, L}
}
@article {2640,
	title = {Sinking particle flux and composition at three sites of different annual sea ice cover in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	volume = {192},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-04-2019},
	pages = {42 - 50},
	abstract = {This study examines the sinking particle flux and composition of samples collected at three sites in the western Amundsen Sea, Antarctica: a perennial sea-ice-covered area, the central region of the Amundsen Sea polynya, and close to the Dotson Ice Shelf within the polynya. Time series sediment traps were deployed for one year at depths of 400-500 m from February and March 2012. Observations from the three sites confirm previously reported findings that the majority of annual POC (particulate organic carbon) flux in the Amundsen Sea occurs during the austral summer, with much smaller POC fluxes during other seasons. In the perennial ice-covered area, sea ice diatoms were the dominant source of sinking particles. In this region, the summertime POC flux is similar to that in the central polynya. However, the POC flux exhibited large interannual variability, with the reduction in sea ice cover and sufficient insolation being critical to enhanced sinking POC flux. Within the Amundsen Sea polynya, the sinking POC flux was higher in the central region than near the Dotson Ice Shelf, consistent with spatial variability in primary production. The site near the Dotson Ice Shelf had the lowest contribution of diatoms to sinking particles and the smallest POC flux among the three sites.},
	keywords = {Amundsen sea, Biological pump, particulate organic carbon, Perennial ice-covered area, Polynya},
	issn = {09247963},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.01.002},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092479631830304X},
	author = {Kim, Minkyoung and Yang, Eun J. and Kim, Dongseon and Jeong, Jin-Hyun and Kim, Hyung J. and Park, Jisoo and Jung, Jinyoung and Ducklow, Hugh W. and Lee, SangHoon and Hwang, Jeomshik}
}
@article {2812,
	title = {Sortable silt records of intermediate-depth circulation and sedimentation in the Southwest Labrador Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {206},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {99 - 110},
	abstract = {The Labrador Sea is a vital region for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), where overflow waters from the Nordic Seas mix with locally produced Labrador Sea Water (LSW), before exiting to the interior of the Atlantic Ocean. The dynamical sedimentary proxy of mean sortable silt size () can give information on past changes in deep water circulation speed and the strength of AMOC. We have produced records from two core sites at depths between 1500 and 2000 m on the continental slope east of Newfoundland, to reconstruct changes in intermediate depth water circulation speed, including Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water and Labrador Sea Water over the past 22,000 years. Increases in appear to coincide with much of the deglaciation as well as the mid-late Holocene. End-member modeling suggests that ice-rafted debris (IRD) is an important factor in interpreting during the deglaciation. We find that a robust increase in is likely unrelated to IRD during the past 5 ka, and probably reflects increased flow at intermediate depths due to local production of LSW strengthening as Nordic Seas overflows weakened at this depth. Our results highlight both the complications of producing records in IRD-rich, slope environments and the promise that this proxy nevertheless has for reconstructing dynamical changes in deep ocean currents.},
	keywords = {Holocene, labrador sea, paleoceanography, Sedimentology-marine cores},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.028},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118306449},
	author = {Hoffmann, Sharon S. and Dalsing, Risa E. and Murphy, Sarah C.}
}
@article { ISI:000482379400088,
	title = {Sources and sink of black carbon in Arctic Ocean sediments},
	journal = {SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT},
	volume = {689},
	year = {2019},
	month = {NOV 1},
	pages = {912-920},
	abstract = {The concentrations and carbon isotopic (C-13, C-14) compositions of total organic carbon (TOC) and black carbon (BC) were measured for four sediment cores collected from the shelf to slope in the Arctic Ocean. Contents of TOC and BC ranged from 0.46\% to 1.94\% and 0.04\% to 0.13\% by dry weight, and BC accounted for 3.5\% to 15.2\% of the TOC preserved in the shelf and slope sediments. Sediment of the Chukchi shelf contained relatively high BC contents compared with the sediments of the Arctic slope, suggesting strong influence from the river and terrestrial inputs to the shelf region. Radiocarbon measurements revealed that the ages of BC are in the range of 7330 to 29,700 years (before present) and they are 4093 to 7723 years older than the C-14 ages of TOC preserved in the same sediment depths. Based on an isotopic mass balance model, we calculated that fossil fuel combustion contributed 62-96\%, and biomass burning contributed 4-38\% of the BC pool in the sediments of the study area. This {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}slow-cycling{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} old BC is an important fraction of the inert organic carbon pool preserved in the sediments, and represents a significant sink of atmospheric CO2 and global carbon cycle. With the thawing permafrost caused by continuous global warming, the size of this BC pool mobilized and exported by rivers to the Arctic Ocean could increase in the future. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.437},
	author = {Ren, Peng and Liu, Yanguang and Shi, Xuefa and Sun, Shuwen and Fan, Di and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2721,
	title = {Sources of carbon to suspended particulate organic matter in the northern Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Elem Sci Anth},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	month = {May-10-2020},
	pages = {51},
	abstract = {Suspended particulate organic carbon (POCsusp) in the Gulf of Mexico is unique compared to other seas and oceans. In addition to surface primary production, isotopic analysis indicates that microbial cycling of oil and riverine inputs are primary sources of carbon to POCsusp in the Gulf. To characterize POCsusp from seep sites and non-seep north central Gulf (NCG) sites potentially affected by the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill, we analyzed 277 and 123 samples for δ13C and Δ1C signatures, respectively. Depth, partitioned into euphotic (300 m), was the main driver of spatial δ13C differences, with deep depths exhibiting 13C depletion. Both deep depths and proximity to sources of natural seepage resulted in 14C depletion. A two-endmember mixing model based on Δ14C indicated that sources to POCsusp were 14{\textendash}29\% fossil carbon at NCG sites and 19{\textendash}57\% at seep sites, with the balance being modern surface production. A six-component Bayesian mixing model MixSIAR, using both 13C and 14C, suggested that riverine inputs were an important carbon source to POCsusp contributing 34{\textendash}46\%. The influence of seeps was localized. Below the euphotic zone at seep sites, 46 {\textpm} 5\% (n = 9) of the carbon in POCsusp was derived from environmentally degraded, transformed oil; away from seeps, transformed oil contributed 15 {\textpm} 4\% (n = 39). We hypothesized that, at NCG sites removed from hydrocarbon seep sources, isotopic signatures would be depleted following the spill and then shift towards background-like enriched values over time. At deep depths we observed decreasing Δ14C signatures in POCsusp from 2010 to 2012, followed by isotopic enrichment from 2012 to 2014 and a subsequent recovery rate of 159{\textperthousand} per year, consistent with this hypothesis and with biodegraded material from DWH hydrocarbons contributing to POCsusp.},
	doi = {10.1525/elementa.389},
	url = {https://www.elementascience.org/article/10.1525/elementa.389},
	author = {Rogers, Kelsey L. and Bosman, Samantha H. and Weber, Sarah and Magen, Cedric and Montoya, Joseph P. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2839,
	title = {Springwater provenance and flowpath evaluation in Blue Lake, Bonneville basin, Utah},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {529},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-12-2019},
	pages = {119280},
	abstract = {Water in Utah and Nevada is important for agriculture, municipal use, solute transport, and ecosystem preservation. Large spring wetland systems occur on the playa margin of the Bonneville basin, including Blue Lake, 15 km south of the Bonneville Salt Flats on the Utah-Nevada state border. Large spring systems have historically been studied as water budgets don{\textquoteright}t apparently balance from direct mountain front recharge (Nelson and Mayo, 2014; Gardner and Heilweil, 2014; and others). Blue Lake is no exception; prior studies here have suggested discharge rates 0.04 - 0.05 km3/yr (Louderback and Rhode, 2009), greater than expected for modelled recharge in the surrounding mountain range (0.03 km3/yr). Three hypothesized recharge mechanisms for Blue Lake are tested: mountain-front recharge, interbasinal groundwater flow, and infiltration from historic Lake Bonneville. Remote sensing suggests that a conservative estimate of Blue Lake discharge constitutes 50-64\% of modelled mountain-front recharge (Flint et al., 2011). Major ions, δ18O, δ2H, dissolved gases (14C, 3He, 4He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) and trace elements (Sr and 87Sr/86Sr isotopes) comprehensively constrain recharge conditions, water-rock interactions, flowpaths, and groundwater provenance of this large spring system. 14C signatures suggest that Blue Lake discharge has a transit time between 5,600 and 12,200 years, older than that of Fish Springs. Noble gas concentrations in Blue Lake water suggest an elevated recharge temperature greater than 19{\textdegree}C and low salinity, indicating a deep water table and high geothermal gradient in the recharge area. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of playa-margin springs are elevated from that of mid-playa groundwaters, springwaters from the adjacent mountain range, and alluvial fill groundwater from the valley directly south of Blue Lake. Playa-margin spring Sr isotope values (0.713-0.714) are most similar to direct runoff from the Deep Creek Range granodiorite outcrop (>0.713). Interbasinal groundwater flow in combination with mountain-front recharge is best supported by chemical data rather than mountain-front recharge alone or the slow discharge of regional aquifers recharged by lacustrine infiltration from Lake Bonneville.},
	keywords = {Bonneville basin, Geochemistry, groundwater, Isotope chemistry},
	issn = {00092541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119280},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009254119303870},
	author = {Lerback, Jory Chapin and Hynek, Scott A. and Bowen, Brenda B. and Bradbury, Christopher D. and Solomon, D. Kip and Fernandez, Diego P.}
}
@article {2771,
	title = {Stable isotope analyses of ancient and modern Ad{\'e}lie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) mummies from the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica},
	journal = {Polar Biology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-06-2019},
	pages = {1183 - 1192},
	abstract = {We performed stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of 12 ancient Ad{\'e}lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chick mummies recovered from abandoned colonies in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, to investigate isotopic variation and fractionation over time. We also examined latitudinal variation in penguin diet to address if the modern dietary pattern (an increase in krill as dominant prey to the north) in this region has existed in the past or if this is a recent phenomenon. The ancient mummies range in age from > 48,000 14C years before present (BP) to ~ 500 calendar years BP. Feather, skin, bone, and toenail samples were analyzed from each individual where available. Identical analyses were performed on five modern mummified Ad{\'e}lie penguin chick carcasses and breast feathers of ten recently dead chicks from each of two active colonies, Cape Hallett and Ad{\'e}lie Cove. We found significantly lower δ15N values in Cape Hallett modern chicks as compared to those from Ad{\'e}lie Cove, indicating an entire trophic-level difference in modern diet that agrees with other studies in this region. The ancient mummies exhibited consistent isotopic fractionation of δ13C among the four different tissues through time. Variation in δ15N and δ13C values was greater in bone and skin than in feather or toenail, but δ15N in all four tissues indicated similar dietary trends with latitude as occurs in this region today. These results provide insight into the dietary variability of Ad{\'e}lie penguins across the Ross Sea region and a framework for similar analyses with other avian species.},
	issn = {0722-4060},
	doi = {10.1007/s00300-019-02513-4},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-019-02513-4},
	author = {Kristan, Allyson K. and Emslie, Steven D. and Patterson, William P.}
}
@article {2647,
	title = {Sunlight Converts Polystyrene to Carbon Dioxide and Dissolved Organic Carbon},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology Letters},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Oct-10-2019},
	abstract = {Numerous international governmental agencies that steer policy assume that polystyrene persists in the environment for millennia. Here, we show that polystyrene is completely photochemically oxidized to carbon dioxide and partially photochemically oxidized to dissolved organic carbon. Lifetimes of complete and partial photochemical oxidation are estimated to occur on centennial and decadal time scales, respectively. These lifetimes are orders of magnitude faster than biological respiration of polystyrene and thus challenge the prevailing assumption that polystyrene persists in the environment for millennia. Additives disproportionately altered the relative susceptibility to complete and partial photochemical oxidation of polystyrene and accelerated breakdown by shifting light absorbance and reactivity to longer wavelengths. Polystyrene photochemical oxidation increased approximately 25\% with a 10 {\textdegree}C increase in temperature, indicating that temperature is unlikely to be a primary driver of photochemical oxidation rates. Collectively, sunlight exposure appears to be a governing control of the environmental persistence of polystyrene, and thus, photochemical loss terms need to be included in mass balance studies on the environmental fate of polystyrene. The experimental framework presented herein should be applied to a diverse array of polymers and formulations to establish how general these results are for other plastics in the environment.},
	issn = {2328-8930},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00532},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00532},
	author = {Ward, Collin P. and Armstrong, Cassia J. and Walsh, Anna N. and Jackson, Julia H. and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@article {2851,
	title = {Seafloor fluid seeps on Kimki Ridge, offshore southern California: Links to active strike-slip faulting},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {150},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {82 - 91},
	abstract = {The Kimki Ridge fluid seeps are located in western Catalina Basin about 60 km southwest of the southern California mainland and at a water depth of approximately 1100 m. Multichannel seismic reflection profiles collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2014 show acoustic transparency within the Kimki Ridge, suggesting the possibility of fluid seeps and possible sub-seafloor fluid pathways. Subsequent multibeam bathymetric and backscatter intensity data collected during a cooperative University of Washington/USGS cruise in early 2016 show subtle seafloor buildups with high acoustic backscatter (reflectivity) in three places along Kimki Ridge, supporting the existence of fluid seepage. A Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) dive, conducted as part of the Nautilus Exploration Program, took place in August 2016 to confirm the presence of these previously unknown seeps and document their characteristics as well as those of any associated biological communities. Two of the three seeps were explored by ROV, and showed abundant evidence of fluid seepage, including characteristic algal mats, chemosynthetic clams, and authigenic carbonate formation. The seeps are comprised of carbonate buildups 1{\textendash}3 m thick and 300{\textendash}500 m across. Within these areas, we interpret broad crater-like depressions 30{\textendash}50 m across and 1{\textendash}2 m deep to be individual seep vents. The seep areas appear to be broad zones of diffuse seepage that support chemosynthetic biologic communities; however, active venting was not observed. Geochemical analyses of rock samples collected from the seeps indicate microbially driven anaerobic oxidation of methane at or near the sediment water interface. Seismic-reflection profiles show chimney-like fluid pathways along the limbs and in the axis of the fold forming Kimki Ridge, and evidence of methane in shallow sediments can be traced into the adjacent Catalina Basin. A system of closely spaced faults located at the axis of the Kimki Ridge anticline may serve as pathways to allow fluid flow to the seafloor. Our data are consistent with other studies that suggest that transpression is an important component in the formation and localization of fluid seeps in a strike-slip setting, implying that seep formation may be a common occurrence at fault stepovers or transpressional bends in strike-slip systems.},
	keywords = {California Inner Continental Borderland, E/V Nautilus, Faulting, methane, Seepages},
	issn = {09670645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.11.001},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967064517301595},
	author = {Conrad, James E. and Prouty, Nancy G. and Walton, Maureen A.L. and Kluesner, Jared W. and Maier, Katherine L. and McGann, Mary and Brothers, Daniel S. and Roland, Emily C. and Dartnell, Peter}
}
@article {2838,
	title = {Slope failures within and upstream of Lake Quinault, Washington, as uneven responses to Holocene earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zoneAbstract},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {178 - 200},
	abstract = {Investigation of Lake Quinault in western Washington, including a reflection seismic survey, analysis of piston cores, and preliminary mapping in the steep, landslide-prone Quinault River catchment upstream of the lake, reveals evidence for three episodes of earthquake disturbance in the past 3000 yr. These earthquakes triggered failures on the lake{\textquoteright}s underwater slopes and delta front, as well as subaerial landsliding, partial channel blockage, and forced fluvial sediment aggradation. The ages of the three Lake Quinault disturbance events overlap with those of coseismically subsided, coastal marsh soils nearby in southwest Washington that are interpreted to record ruptures of the Cascadia megathrust. Absent from Lake Quinault, however, are signals of obvious disturbance from five additional subduction earthquakes inferred to have occurred during the period of record. The lack of evidence for these events may reflect the limitations of the data set derived from the detrital, river-dominated lake stratigraphy but may also have bearing on debates about segmentation and the distribution of slip along the Cascadia subduction zone during prior earthquakes.},
	keywords = {Cascadia, Earthquake, lakes, Paleoseismic, Sediment},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2017.96},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033589417000965/type/journal_article},
	author = {Leithold, Elana L. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R. and Smith, Stephen G. and Noren, Anders and O{\textquoteright}Grady, Ryan}
}
@article {2766,
	title = {Sources and radiocarbon ages of aerosol organic carbon along the east coast of China and implications for atmospheric fossil carbon contributions to China marginal seas},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {619-620},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {957 - 965},
	abstract = {Aerosol deposition is an important mechanism for the delivery of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) to marginal seas, but OC age characteristics of aerosols are not well constrained and their contributions to sediment OC burial have not been quantified. Total suspended particle samples were collected along the east coast of China at Changdao (CD), Qingdao (QD) and Huaniao Island (HNI), and were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) isotopes (13C and 14C) in order to bridge this information gap. TOC δ13C and Δ14C values ranged from - 23.6 to - 30.5{\textperthousand}, and - 153 to - 687{\textperthousand}, respectively, with the latter corresponding to 14C ages ranging from 1280 to 9260 yr. Estimated contributions of fossil carbon to TOC based on 14C mass balance approach ranged from 26 to 73\%, with strong seasonal variations in fossil carbon observed at CD. Fossil carbon at CD showed the highest proportion (73\%) in winter, reflecting anthropogenic emissions and the lowest proportion (26\%) in summer, caused by biomass contribution (annual ave., 52\% {\textpm} 17\%). In contrast, the fossil carbon at both QD (57{\textendash}64\%) and HNI (57{\textendash}67\%) dominated throughout the year, reflecting local anthropogenic influences and long-range transport. Mass balance estimates indicate that atmospheric deposition and riverine export accounted for 31\% and 69\% of fossil carbon inputs to the China marginal seas (CMS) respectively, with fossil carbon burial efficiencies approaching 100\% in the CMS. On a global scale, an atmospheric fossil carbon deposition flux of 17.2 Tg C yr- 1 was estimated, equivalent to 40\% of the estimated fluvial flux to the ocean, and potentially accounting for 24{\textendash}41\% of fossil OC burial in marine sediments. Therefore, the atmospheric deposition constitutes an important source of fossil carbon to marine sediments, and could play a key role in regional and global scale OC budgets and biogeochemical cycles.},
	keywords = {AEROSOLS, China marginal seas, Fossil carbon, Radiocarbon (14C) tracer, Total organic carbon},
	issn = {00489697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.201},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004896971733259X},
	author = {Yu, Meng and Guo, Zhigang and Wang, Xuchen and Eglinton, Timothy Ian and Yuan, Zineng and Xing, Lei and Zhang, Hailong and Zhao, Meixun}
}
@article {2626,
	title = {Spatiotemporal Variation of the Quality, Origin, and Age of Particulate Organic Matter Transported by the Yangtze River (Changjiang)},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-09-2018},
	pages = {2908 - 2921},
	abstract = {Information on the age dynamics of particulate organic matter (POM) in large river systems is currently sparse and represents an important knowledge gap in our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Here we examine variations in organic geochemical characteristics of suspended sediments from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) system collected between 1997 and 2010. Higher particulate organic carbon content (POC\%) values were observed in the middle reach, especially after 2003, and are attributed to the increase of in situ (aquatic) primary production associated with decreased total suspended matter concentrations. Corresponding C-14 values from depth profiles taken in 2009 and 2010 indicate spatial and temporal variations in POC sources within the basin. Two isotopic mass balance approaches were explored to quantitatively apportion different sources of Changjiang POM. Results indicate that contributions of biomass and pre-aged soil organic matter are dominant, regardless of hydrological conditions, with soil-derived organic carbon comprising 17-56\% of POC based on a Monte Carlo three-end-member mixing model. In contrast, binary mixing model calculations suggest that up to 80\% of POC (2009 samples only) derived from biospheric sources. The emplacement of the Three Gorges Dam and resulting trapping of sediment from the upper reach of the watershed resulted in a modification of POM C-14 ages in the reservoir. With the resulting decline in sediment load and increase in the proportion of modern POC in the lower reach, these changes in POM flux and composition of the Changjiang have significant implications for downstream carbon cycle processes.},
	keywords = {Changjiang, organic carbon, radiocarbon, suspended particulate matter, Three Gorges Dam},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JG004285},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2017JG004285http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1029/2017JG004285/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029\%2F2017JG004285},
	author = {Wu, Ying and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Zhang, Jing and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B.}
}
@article {2874,
	title = {Salt Marsh and Fringing Oyster Reef Transgression in a Shallow Temperate Estuary: Implications for Restoration, Conservation and Blue Carbon},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-07-2017},
	pages = {1013 - 1027},
	abstract = {The importance of intertidal estuarine habitats, like salt marsh and oyster reef, has been well established, as has their ubiquitous loss along our coasts with resultant forfeiture of the ecosystem services they provide. Furthering our understanding of how these habitats are evolving in the face of anthropogenic and climate driven changes will help improve management strategies. Previous work has shown that the growth and productivity of both oyster reefs and salt marshes are strongly linked to elevation in the intertidal zone (duration of aerial exposure). We build on that research by examining the growth of marsh-fringing oyster reefs at yearly to decadal time scales and examine movement of the boundary between oyster reef and salt marsh at decadal to centennial time scales. We show that the growth of marsh-fringing reefs is strongly associated to the duration of aerial exposure, with little growth occurring below mean low water and above mean sea level. Marsh-shoreline movement, in the presence or absence of fringing oyster reefs, was reconstructed using transects of sediment cores. Carbonaceous marsh sediments sampled below the modern fringing oyster reefs indicate that marsh shorelines within Back Sound, North Carolina are predominantly in a state of transgression (landward retreat), and modern oyster-reef locations were previously occupied by salt marsh within the past two centuries. Cores fronting transgressive marsh shorelines absent fringing reefs sampled thinner and less extensive carbonaceous marsh sediment than at sites with fringing reefs. This indicates that fringing reefs are preserving carbonaceous marsh sediment from total erosion as they transgress and colonize the exposed marsh shoreline making marsh sediments more resistant to erosion. The amount of marsh sediment preservation underneath the reef scales with the reef{\textquoteright}s relief, as reefs with the greatest relief were level with the marsh platform, preserving a maximum amount of carbonaceous sediments during transgression by buffering the marsh from erosional processes. Thus, fringing oyster reefs not only have the capacity to shelter shorelines but, if located at the ideal tidal elevation, they also keep up with accelerating sea-level rise and cap carbonaceous sediments, protecting them from erosion, as reefs develop along the marsh.},
	issn = {1559-2723},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-016-0196-8},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-016-0196-8},
	author = {Ridge, Justin T. and Rodriguez, Antonio B. and Fodrie, F. Joel}
}
@article {2867,
	title = {Seasonal variability in the source and composition of particulate matter in the depositional zone of Baltimore Canyon, U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-09-2017},
	pages = {77 - 89},
	abstract = {Submarine canyons are often hotspots of biomass due to enhanced productivity and funneling of organic matter of marine and terrestrial origin. However, most deep-sea canyons remain poorly studied in terms of their role as conduits of terrestrial and marine particles. A multi-tracer geochemical investigation of particles collected yearlong by a sediment trap in Baltimore Canyon on the US Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) revealed temporal variability in source, transport, and fate of particulate matter. Both organic biomarker composition (sterol and n-alkanes) and bulk characteristics (δ13C, Δ14C, Chl-a) suggest that while on average the annual contribution of terrestrial and marine organic matter sources are similar, 42\% and 52\% respectively, marine sources dominate. Elevated Chlorophyll-a and sterol concentrations during the spring sampling period highlight a seasonal influx of relatively fresh phytodetritus. In addition, the contemporaneous increase in the particle reactive micronutrients cadmium (Cd) and molybdenum (Mo) in the spring suggest increased scavenging, aggregation, and sinking of phytodetrital biomass in response to enhanced surface production within the nutricline. While tidally driven currents within the canyon resuspend sediment between 200 and 600 m, resulting in the formation of a nepheloid layer rich in lithogenic material, near-bed sediment remobilization in the canyon depositional zone was minimal. Instead, vertical transport and lateral transport across the continental margin were the dominant processes driving seasonal input of particulate matter. In turn, seasonal variability in deposited particulate organic matter is likely linked to benthic faunal composition and ecosystem scale carbon cycling.},
	keywords = {Deep-sea ecosystems, Geochemical analyses, organic matter, sediment trap, Submarine canyons},
	issn = {09670637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2017.08.004},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967063717300602},
	author = {Prouty, N.G. and Mienis, F. and Campbell-Swarzenski, P. and Roark, E.B. and Davies, A.J. and Robertson, C.M. and Duineveld, G. and Ross, S.W. and Rhode, M. and Demopoulos, A.W.J.}
}
@article {2889,
	title = {Sedimentary record from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean: implications for late to middle Pleistocene glacial history},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {511 - 531},
	abstract = {ediment core ARC4-BN05 collected from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, covers the late to middle Quaternary (Marine Isotope Stage {\textendash} MIS {\textendash} 1{\textendash}15, ca. 0.5{\textendash}0.6 Ma) as estimated by correlation to earlier proposed Arctic Ocean stratigraphies and AMS14C dating of the youngest sediments. Detailed examination of clay and bulk mineralogy along with grain size, content of Ca and Mn, and planktic foraminiferal numbers in core ARC4{\textendash}BN05 provides important new information about sedimentary environments and provenance. We use increased contents of coarse debris as an indicator of glacier collapse events at the margins of the western Arctic Ocean, and identify the provenance of these events from mineralogical composition. Notably, peaks of dolomite debris, including large dropstones, track the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) discharge events to the Arctic Ocean. Major LIS inputs occurred during the stratigraphic intervals estimated as MIS 3, intra-MIS 5 and 7 events, MIS 8, and MIS 10. Inputs from the East Siberian Ice Sheet (ESIS) are inferred from peaks of smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite associated with coarse sediment. Major ESIS sedimentary events occurred in the intervals estimated as MIS 4, MIS 6 and MIS 12. Differences in LIS vs. ESIS inputs can be explained by ice-sheet configurations at different sea levels, sediment delivery mechanisms (iceberg rafting, suspension plumes, and debris flows), and surface circulation. A long-term change in the pattern of sediment inputs, with an apparent step change near the estimated MIS 7{\textendash}8 boundary (ca. 0.25 Ma), presumably indicates an overall glacial expansion at the western Arctic margins, especially in North America.},
	doi = {10.5194/cp-13-511-2017},
	url = {https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/13/511/2017/},
	author = {Dong, Linsen and Liu, Yanguang and Shi, Xuefa and Polyak, Leonid and Huang, Yuanhui and Fang, Xisheng and Liu, Jianxing and Zou, Jianjun and Wang, Kunshan and Sun, Fuqiang and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2462,
	title = {Sequential bioavailability of sedimentary organic matter to heterotrophic bacteria},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Oct-05-2017},
	abstract = {Aquatic sediments harbour diverse microbial communities that mediate organic matter degradation and influence biogeochemical cycles. The pool of bioavailable carbon continuously changes as a result of abiotic processes and microbial activity. It remains unclear how microbial communities respond to heterogeneous organic matrices and how this ultimately affects heterotrophic respiration. To explore the relationships between the degradation of mixed carbon substrates and microbial activity, we incubated batches of organic-rich sediments in a novel bioreactor (IsoCaRB) that permitted continuous observations of CO2 production rates, as well as sequential sampling of isotopic signatures (δ13C, Δ14C), microbial community structure and diversity, and extracellular enzyme activity. Our results indicated that lower molecular weight (MW), labile, phytoplankton-derived compounds were degraded first, followed by petroleum-derived exogenous pollutants, and finally by higher MW polymeric plant material. This shift in utilization coincided with a community succession and increased extracellular enzyme activities. Thus, sequential utilization of different carbon pools induced changes at both the community and cellular level, shifting community composition, enzyme activity, respiration rates, and residual organic matter reactivity. Our results provide novel insight into the accessibility of sedimentary organic matter and demonstrate how bioavailability of natural organic substrates may affect the function and composition of heterotrophic bacterial populations.},
	doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.13745},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1462-2920.13745http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/1462-2920.13745/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2F1462-2920.13745},
	author = {Mahmoudi, Nagissa and {\'e}, Steven R. and Steen, Andrew D. and Pearson, Ann}
}
@article { ISI:000395186600009,
	title = {Short organic carbon turnover time and narrow C-14 age spectra in early Holocene wetland paleosols},
	journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
	volume = {18},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2017},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {142-155},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Paleosols contain information about the rates of soil organic carbon turnover when the soil was actively forming. However, this temporal information is often difficult to interpret without tight stratigraphic control on the age of the paleosol. Here we apply ramped pyrolysis/oxidation (Ramped PyrOx) C-14 analyses to evaluate age spectra of transgressive early Holocene paleosols from the Mississippi Delta in southeastern Louisiana, USA. We find C-14 age spectra from soil organic matter (SOM) in both paleosols and overlying basal peats that represent variability in age that is close to, or only slightly greater than, analytical uncertainty of C-14 measurements, despite different sources of carbon with likely disparate ages. Such age spectra have not previously been observed in the sedimentary record. Here they indicate vigorous soil carbon turnover prior to burial, which homogenized C-14 ages within SOM across the entire thermochemical spectrum. The weighted bulk C-14 ages from Ramped PyrOx of paleosols and overlying peats are identical within analytical and process-associated uncertainty, and corroborate C-14 ages from charcoal fragments and plant macrofossils from the overlying peat. The youngest ages from Ramped PyrOx age spectra may also potentially be applied as chronometers for stratigraphic burial ages. Our results suggest rapid turnover (<<300 years) of carbon in these soils relative to input of allochthonous carbon, indicating that the C-14 age of different soil components is decoupled from thermochemical stability and instead reflects vigorous turnover processes. The concurrence of paleosol and peat C-14 ages also suggests that pedogenic processes were linked with the development of coastal marshes, and that the priming effect potentially masked the signal of allochthonous carbon inputs during sea level rise.},
	keywords = {paleosol, radiocarbon, ramped PyrOx, soil organic carbon, turnover time},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GC006526},
	author = {Vetter, Lael and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Fernandez, Alvaro and Tornqvist, Torbjoern E.}
}
@article {2467,
	title = {Siberian Arctic black carbon sources constrained by model and observation},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {114},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-02-2018},
	pages = {E1054 - E1061},
	abstract = {Black carbon (BC) in haze and deposited on snow and ice can have strong effects on the radiative balance of the Arctic. There is a geographic bias in Arctic BC studies toward the Atlantic sector, with lack of observational constraints for the extensive Russian Siberian Arctic, spanning nearly half of the circum-Arctic. Here, 2 y of observations at Tiksi (East Siberian Arctic) establish a strong seasonality in both BC concentrations (8 ng.m-3 to 302 ng.m-3) and dual-isotope{\textendash}constrained sources (19 to 73\% contribution from biomass burning). Comparisons between observations and a dispersion model, coupled to an anthropogenic emissions inventory and a fire emissions inventory, give mixed results. In the European Arctic, this model has proven to simulate BC concentrations and source contributions well. However, the model is less successful in reproducing BC concentrations and sources for the Russian Arctic. Using a Bayesian approach, we show that, in contrast to earlier studies, contributions from gas flaring (6\%), power plants (9\%), and open fires (12\%) are relatively small, with the major sources instead being domestic (35\%) and transport (38\%). The observation-based evaluation of reported emissions identifies errors in spatial allocation of BC sources in the inventory and highlights the importance of improving emission distribution and source attribution, to develop reliable mitigation strategies for efficient reduction of BC impact on the Russian Arctic, one of the fastest-warming regions on Earth.},
	keywords = {Arctic haze, atmospheric transport modeling, carbon isotopes, Climate change, emission inventory},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1613401114},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1613401114https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1073/pnas.1613401114http://www.pnas.org/syndication/doi/10.1073/pnas.1613401114},
	author = {Winiger, Patrik and Andersson, August and Eckhardt, Sabine and Stohl, Andreas and Semiletov, Igor P. and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Charkin, Alexander and Shakhova, Natalia and Klimont, Zbigniew and Heyes, Chris and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {2768,
	title = {Subduction zone slip variability during the last millennium, south-central Chile},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {175},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-11-2017},
	pages = {112 - 137},
	abstract = {The Arauco Peninsula (37{\textdegree}-38{\textdegree}S) in south-central Chile has been proposed as a possible barrier to the along-strike propagation of megathrust ruptures, separating historical earthquakes to the south (1960 AD 1837, 1737, and 1575) and north (2010 AD, 1835, 1751, 1657, and 1570) of the peninsula. However, the 2010 (Mw 8.8) earthquake propagated into the Arauco Peninsula, re-rupturing part of the megathrust that had ruptured only 50 years earlier during the largest subduction zone earthquake in the instrumental record (Mw 9.5). To better understand long-term slip variability in the Arauco Peninsula region, we analyzed four coastal sedimentary sections from two sites (Tir{\'u}a, 38.3{\textdegree}S and Quidico, 38.1{\textdegree}S) located within the overlap of the 2010 and 1960 ruptures to reconstruct a \~{}600-year record of coseismic land-level change and tsunami inundation. Stratigraphic, lithologic, and diatom results show variable coseismic land-level change coincident with tsunami inundation of the Tir{\'u}a and Quidico marshes that is consistent with regional historical accounts of coseismic subsidence during earthquakes along the Valdivia portion of the subduction zone (1960 AD and 1575) and coseismic uplift during earthquakes along the Maule portion of the subduction zone (2010 AD, 1835, 1751). In addition, we document variable coseismic land-level change associated with three new prehistoric earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis in 1470{\textendash}1570 AD, 1425{\textendash}1455, and 270{\textendash}410. The mixed record of coseismic subsidence and uplift that we document illustrates the variability of down-dip and lateral slip distribution at the overlap of the 2010 and 1960 ruptures, showing that ruptures have repeatedly propagated into, but not through the Arauco Peninsula and suggesting the area has persisted as a long-term impediment to slip through at least seven of the last megathrust earthquakes (\~{}600 years).},
	keywords = {Coastal hazards, Coastal paleoseismology, Diatom paleoecology, Prehistoric earthquakes, Subduction zone segmentation, Tsunami Deposits},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.08.023},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117303505},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Horton, Benjamin P. and Cisternas, Marco and Ely, Lisa L. and Hong, Isabel and Nelson, Alan R. and Wesson, Robert L. and Pilarczyk, Jessica E. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Nikitina, Daria}
}
@article {2750,
	title = {Sub-ice shelf sediment geochronology utilizing novel radiocarbon methodology for highly detrital sediments},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2017},
	pages = {1404 - 1418},
	abstract = {Sub-ice shelf sediments near Larsen C ice shelf (LIS-C) show fine-scale rhythmic laminations that could provide a near-continuous seasonal-resolution record of regional ice mass changes. Despite the great potential of these sediments, a dependable Late Quaternary chronology is difficult to generate, rendering the record incomplete. As with many marginal Antarctic sediments, in the absence of preserved carbonate microfossils, the reliability of radiocarbon chronologies depends on presence of high proportions of autochthonous organic carbon with minimized detrital organic carbon. Consequently, acid insoluble organic (AIO) 14C dating works best where high productivity drives high sediment accumulation rates, but can be problematic in condensed sequences with high proportions of detrital organic carbon. Ramped PyrOx 14C dating has progressively been shown to improve upon AIO 14C dates, to the point of matching foraminiferal carbonate 14C dates, through differential thermochemical degradation of organic components within samples. But in highly detrital sediments, proportions of contemporaneously deposited material are too low to fully separate autochthonous organic carbon from detrital carbon in samples large enough to 14C date. We introduce two modifications of the Ramped PyrOx 14C approach applied to highly detrital sediments near LIS-C to maximize accuracy by utilizing ultra-small fractions of the highly detrital AIO material. With minimization of the uncertainty cost, these techniques allow us to generate chronologies for cores that would otherwise go undated, pushing the limits of radiocarbon dating to regions and facies with high proportions of pre-aged detritus. Wider use of these techniques will enable more coordinated a priori coring efforts to constrain regional glacial responses to rapid warming where sediments had previously been thought too difficult to date.},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GC006578},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016GC006578},
	author = {Subt, C. and Yoon, H. I. and Yoo, K. C. and Lee, J. I. and Leventer, A. and Domack, E. W. and Rosenheim, B. E.}
}
@article {Thresher2016260,
	title = {Scale dependence of environmental and physiological correlates of δ18O and δ13C in the magnesium calcite skeletons of bamboo corals (Gorgonacea; Isididae)},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {187},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {260 - 278},
	abstract = {Abstract We examine in detail δ18O and δ13C in the calcite internodes of bamboo corals as potential proxies of physiological and environmental variability, through (a) a {\textquotedblleft}core top{\textquotedblright} calibration that includes specimens from a wide range of habitats and environmental conditions and (b) a comparison of high resolution serial point analyses along radial growth axes of a sub-set of specimens with each other, with instrumental temperature and salinity records, with growth rates and with a nominal skeletal proxy for temperature (Mg/Ca) in the same specimens. At the whole-of-specimen level, δ18O and the intercept of the strong within-specimen regression of δ18O against δ13C correlates highly with ambient temperatures at slopes that are identical to those reported for other marine biogenic carbonates (-0.22 per {\textdegree}C). δ13C varies predominantly with apparent specimen-mean growth rate. It also correlates with the slope of the within-specimen covariance between δ18O and δ13C, which in turn is distributed bi-modally among specimens and linked to differences in apparent growth rates. Within-specimens, variability in δ13C, and to a lesser extent δ18O, correlates between specimens collected in the same region and differs between regions, implying an environmental effect, but the factors involved for either isotope ratio are unclear. Correlations between δ18O and temperature (and Mg/Ca) range from positive to negative among specimens and appear to vary over time even within specimens. The mismatch between the consistent temperature-dependence of δ18O at the whole-of-specimen level and the mixed relationship within-specimens can be reconciled by assuming an unknown temperature-dependent factor affecting δ18O during the growth of Isidid calcite. The contrast between the results of the {\textquotedblleft}core top{\textquotedblright} temperature calibration for δ18O, which are consistent with studies of other carbonates, and the apparently more complex suite of factors affecting both δ13C and δ18O within specimens strongly suggests that calibrations based on a {\textquotedblleft}core top{\textquotedblright} approach be applied cautiously to environmental reconstructions based on variations of a nominal proxy within specimens.},
	keywords = {Temperature},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.024},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703716302678},
	author = {Ronald E. Thresher and Helen Neil}
}
@article {Filipsson2016,
	title = {Seasonal variability of stable carbon isotopes (δ13CDIC) in the Skagerrak and the Baltic Sea: Distinguishing between mixing and biological productivity},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {-},
	abstract = {Abstract We documented the annual cycle of the carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in the water columns of the Skagerrak and Baltic Sea to obtain an increased understanding of the processes involved controlling the carbon isotopic distribution in shelf seas. The lowest δ13CDIC values (- 4.9{\textperthousand}) were found in the low-oxygen, brackish Baltic bottom water whereas the highest values (+ 1.8{\textperthousand}) were observed in the surface water of the Skagerrak during late summer. Photosynthesis drove the high δ13CDIC values (between 1.0 and 1.8{\textperthousand}) noted in the surface waters of both the Skagerrak and the Baltic. The δ13CDIC values below the halocline in the Baltic reflect mixing of brackish water and the more saline water from the Skagerrak, and foremost organic matter remineralization processes that release significant amounts of low-δ13C CO2. Similarly, in the stagnant fjord basins, little deep water exchange and the degradation of terrestrial and marine organic matter set the δ13C composition. Deep-water renewal in the fjord basins resulted in rapid increases of the δ13CDIC on the order of 1{\textperthousand}, whereas remineralization processes caused a decrease in δ13CDIC of 0.1{\textendash}0.3{\textperthousand} per month depending on location. The combined effects of water mixing and remineralization processes (estimated using apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) values) yielded the expression: δ13CDIC = 0.032 * S - 0.01 * \{AOU\} - 0.12 for the Baltic {\textendash} Skagerrak region at water depths below the halocline.},
	keywords = {Time-series},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.031},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018216307581},
	author = {Helena L. Filipsson and Daniel C. McCorkle and Andreas Mackensen and Joan M. Bernhard and Lars S. Andersson and Lars-Johan Naustvoll and Angela M. Caballero-Alfonso and Kjell Nordberg and Didrik S. Danielssen}
}
@article {2512,
	title = {Sediment chronology in Antarctic deglacial sediments: Reconciling organic carbon <sup>14</sup>               C ages to carbonate <sup>14</sup>               C ages using Ramped PyrOx},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-02-2016},
	pages = {265 - 273},
	abstract = {We present the first study which directly compares carbonate radiocarbon (14C) dates with the Ramped PyrOx (RP) radiocarbon dating technique within a single sediment core, and we confirm the utility for the latter constructing chronologies of high latitude, Holocene marine margin sediment successions. Historically, the heavily detrital nature of Antarctic margin sedimentary organic material and lack of carbonate preservation have made these sediments difficult to date accurately. Here, we use archived cores with existing foraminiferal ages to compare with RP dates at equal or similar depth intervals. The lowest temperature RP splits were integrated over narrower intervals than in previous studies to reduce the amount of mixing with older, more thermochemically stable end-members during pyrolytic decomposition. Ages of the low-temperature RP splits coincide with their corresponding carbonate counterparts, suggesting that the RP 14C dating method is a reliable alternative to carbonate dates in sediments where carbonates are absent or not sufficiently preserved for 14C dating. The rarity of calcareous material in most Antarctic sediments often obligates the use of the bulk acid insoluble organic (AIO) fraction of the sediment, which can be problematic because of contamination by older carbon. The bulk AIO 14C ages, which are calculated using the weighted arithmetic mean of all RP splits of individual samples, show that age reversals and biases can occur using bulk AIO dates for age models because of variable proportions of pre-aged organic matter down-core. The application of the RP dating method can reduce these effects to produce a more reliable chronology that is statistically identical to the foraminiferal dating chronology. 

},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683615608688},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683615608688},
	author = {Subt, Cristina and Fangman, Kimberly A and Wellner, Julia S and Rosenheim, Brad E}
}
@article {Maio201667,
	title = {Sediment dynamics and hydrographic conditions during storm passage, Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {381},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {67 - 86},
	abstract = {Abstract The impact of storm events on the sediment dynamics of the shallow groundwater fed estuaries of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, \{USA\} is little understood. To address this, the objectives of this study are to assess sediment dynamics during storm passage and determine whether shallow back-barrier lagoons like Waquoit Bay have the preservation potential for a sedimentary archive of hurricanes. When setting out in this study, it was unclear whether paleotempestological methods could be applied successfully to cores collected from the landward reaches of shallow estuaries of southern New England. Water level and bottom current data using Arm-and-Float tide gauges and SeaHorse Tilt Current Meters was collected during Tropical Storm Irene (2011) and coupled with storm surge modeling projections to better elucidate storm-induced sediment transport mechanisms. Three sediment cores were collected at the head of Waquoit Bay, located 2.8 km from the barrier beach. Grain size analysis of sediment cores was conducted with a laser particle size analyzer at 1 cm increments in order to identify coarse grain anomalies, which can act as a storm event proxy. Bayesian statistics were applied to develop age models of two of the cores based on three Pb pollution chronomarkers and 21 continuous flow 14C \{AMS\} ages. The results yield variable sediment accumulation rates between 2 mm/yr to 10 mm/yr, with significantly higher rates occurring in the upper 1 m of sediments. Grain size results are highly variable, and contain numerous large amplitude, short duration fluctuations suggesting that during storm passage coarse sand is deposited in the coring site. The sensitivity of the site to both tropical and extratropical storm events, uncertainties in the age model, and the multiple sediment sources and transport pathways limits the utility of using the Waquoit sediments to determine long-term hurricane frequencies. Results nonetheless provide insights into how extreme storm events impact coastal lagoons.},
	keywords = {Sediment transport},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.07.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322716301438},
	author = {Christopher V. Maio and Jeffrey P. Donnelly and Richard Sullivan and Stephanie M. Madsen and Christopher R. Weidman and Allen M. Gontz and Vitalii A. Sheremet}
}
@article {Kim2016135,
	title = {Sedimentation of particulate organic carbon on the Amundsen Shelf, Antarctica},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2016},
	note = {International efforts to understanding of the changing Antarctic climate: The \{KOPRI\} expedition to the Amundsen Sea},
	pages = {135 - 144},
	abstract = {Abstract We examined the recent history of sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) accumulation on the western Amundsen Shelf, to help characterize the biological carbon pump in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica. Vertical sedimentary profiles (in the upper 21-cm) of \{SOC\} content, radio- and stable-carbon isotopes were obtained at four locations in the western Amundsen Sea: near the shelf break, inside the polynya near the Dotson Ice Shelf, and at both the periphery and the center of the Amundsen Sea polynya. Profiles were representative not only of various distances from the coast, but also of various summertime sea ice conditions and bottom depths. The \{SOC\} content (up to 1.1\%) and the radiocarbon content were distinctly higher at the periphery and at the center of the polynya than at the other sites. The \{SOC\} and 14C contents were generally consistent with the spatial distribution of primary productivity in the surface water. A linear \{SOC\} accumulation rate of about 1.0 g C m-2 yr-1 was determined from the conventional 14C ages of bulk \{SOC\} below the surface mixed layer at the periphery and at the center of the polynya, for the time period of 3.1{\textendash}4.7 kyr before present (BP). This linear \{SOC\} accumulation rate was about 20 times greater than the rates determined at the two other sites for the period of 4.6{\textendash}15.7 kyr BP. Note that all values are for uncorrected 14C ages. At the center of the polynya, a sudden change in \{SOC\} accumulation rate was observed at about 16 cm depth, corresponding to 4.7 kyr BP, implying that changes (during this time period) in physical environments greatly affected primary production, \{SOC\} burial and/or supply of allochthonous particles to this site. The vertical distribution of 14C content in the sediments implies that aged organic matter, likely associated with resuspended sediments, was also being deposited inside the polynya, in addition to autochthonous biogenic particles. If our estimation of \{SOC\} accumulation is extrapolated to the western Amundsen Shelf between 110{\textdegree}W and 120{\textdegree}W, approximately 3{\texttimes}1010 g C yr-1 is buried on the shelf, with ~90\% of \{SOC\} accumulation occurring in the Amundsen Sea polynya.},
	keywords = {Global carbon cycling},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.07.018},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064515002787},
	author = {Minkyoung Kim and Jeomshik Hwang and Sang H. Lee and Hyung J. Kim and Dongseon Kim and Eun J. Yang and SangHoon Lee}
}
@article {Costa2016163,
	title = {Sedimentation, stratigraphy and physical properties of sediment on the Juan de Fuca Ridge},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {380},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {163 - 173},
	abstract = {Abstract Sedimentation near mid-ocean ridges may differ from pelagic sedimentation due to the influence of the ridges{\textquoteright} rough topography on sediment deposition and transport. This study explores whether the near-ridge environment responds to glacial-interglacial changes in climate and oceanography. New benthic δ18O, radiocarbon, multi-sensor track, and physical property (sedimentation rates, density, magnetic susceptibility) data for seven cores on the Juan de Fuca Ridge provide multiple records covering the past 700,000 years of oceanographic history of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Systematic variations in sediment density and coarse fraction correspond to glacial-interglacial cycles identified in benthic δ18O, and these observations may provide a framework for mapping the δ18O chronostratigraphy via sediment density to other locations on the Juan de Fuca Ridge and beyond. Sedimentation rates generally range from 0.5 to 3 cm/kyr, with background pelagic sedimentation rates close to 1 cm/kyr. Variability in sedimentation rates close to the ridge likely reflects remobilization of sediment caused by the high relief of the ridge bathymetry. Sedimentation patterns primarily reflect divergence of sedimentation rates with distance from the ridge axis and glacial-interglacial variation in sedimentation that may reflect carbonate preservation cycles as well as preferential remobilization of fine material.},
	keywords = {Oxygen isotope stratigraphy},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.08.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322716301517},
	author = {K.M. Costa and J.F. McManus and B. Boulahanis and S.M. Carbotte and G. Winckler and P.J. Huybers and C.H. Langmuir}
}
@article {Toomey2016284,
	title = {Seismic evidence of glacial-age river incision into the Tahaa barrier reef, French Polynesia},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {380},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {284 - 289},
	abstract = {Abstract Rivers have long been recognized for their ability to shape reef-bound volcanic islands. On the time-scale of glacial{\textendash}interglacial sea-level cycles, fluvial incision of exposed barrier reef lagoons may compete with constructional coral growth to shape the coastal geomorphology of ocean islands. However, overprinting of Pleistocene landscapes by Holocene erosion or sedimentation has largely obscured the role lowstand river incision may have played in developing the deep lagoons typical of modern barrier reefs. Here we use high-resolution seismic imagery and core stratigraphy to examine how erosion and/or deposition by upland drainage networks has shaped coastal morphology on Tahaa, a barrier reef-bound island located along the Society Islands hotspot chain in French Polynesia. At Tahaa, we find that many channels, incised into the lagoon floor during Pleistocene sea-level lowstands, are located near the mouths of upstream terrestrial drainages. Steeper antecedent topography appears to have enhanced lowstand fluvial erosion along Tahaa{\textquoteright}s southwestern coast and maintained a deep pass. During highstands, upland drainages appear to contribute little sediment to refilling accommodation space in the lagoon. Rather, the flushing of fine carbonate sediment out of incised fluvial channels by storms and currents appears to have limited lagoonal infilling and further reinforced development of deep barrier reef lagoons during periods of highstand submersion.},
	keywords = {Morphology},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.04.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322716300548},
	author = {Michael R. Toomey and Jonathan D. Woodruff and Jeffrey P. Donnelly and Andrew D. Ashton and J. Taylor Perron}
}
@article {2468,
	title = {The sources of atmospheric black carbon at a European gateway to the Arctic},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Mar-09-2017},
	pages = {12776},
	abstract = {Black carbon (BC) aerosols from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuel contribute to Arctic climate warming. Models{\textemdash}seeking to advise mitigation policy{\textemdash}are challenged in reproducing observations of seasonally varying BC concentrations in the Arctic air. Here we compare year-round observations of BC and its δ13C/Δ14C-diagnosed sources in Arctic Scandinavia, with tailored simulations from an atmospheric transport model. The model predictions for this European gateway to the Arctic are greatly improved when the emission inventory of anthropogenic sources is amended by satellite-derived estimates of BC emissions from fires. Both BC concentrations (R2=0.89, P<0.05) and source contributions (R2=0.77, P<0.05) are accurately mimicked and linked to predominantly European emissions. This improved model skill allows for more accurate assessment of sources and effects of BC in the Arctic, and a more credible scientific underpinning of policy efforts aimed at efficiently reducing BC emissions reaching the European Arctic.},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms12776},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms12776},
	author = {Winiger, P and Andersson, A and Eckhardt, S and Stohl, A and Gustafsson, O.}
}
@article {2490,
	title = {South Pacific hydrologic and cyclone variability during the last 3000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-04-2016},
	pages = {491 - 504},
	abstract = {Major excursions in the position of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and/or changes in its intensity are thought to drive tropical cyclone (TC) and precipitation variability across much of the central South Pacific. A lack of conventional sites typically used for multimillennial proxy reconstructions has limited efforts to extend observational rainfall/TC data sets and our ability to fully assess the risks posed to central Pacific islands by future changes in fresh water availability or the frequency of storm landfalls. Here we use the sedimentary record of Apu Bay, offshore the island of Tahaa, French Polynesia, to explore the relationship between SPCZ position/intensity and tropical cyclone overwash, resolved at decadal time scales, since 3200 years B.P. Changes in orbital precession and Pacific sea surface temperatures best explain evidence for a coordinated pattern of rainfall variability at Tahaa and across the Pacific over the late Holocene. Our companion record of tropical cyclone activity from Tahaa suggests major storm activity was higher between 2600-1500 years B.P., when decadal scale SPCZ variability may also have been stronger. A transition to lower storm frequency and a shift or expansion of the SPCZ toward French Polynesia around 1000 years B.P. may have prompted Polynesian migration into the central Pacific.},
	doi = {10.1002/2015PA002870},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015PA002870},
	author = {Toomey, Michael R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Tierney, Jessica E.}
}
@article {2478,
	title = {Stability of peatland carbon to rising temperatures},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-12-2017},
	pages = {13723},
	abstract = {Peatlands contain one-third of soil carbon (C), mostly buried in deep, saturated anoxic zones (catotelm). The response of catotelm C to climate forcing is uncertain, because prior experiments have focused on surface warming. We show that deep peat heating of a 2 m-thick peat column results in an exponential increase in CH4 emissions. However, this response is due solely to surface processes and not degradation of catotelm peat. Incubations show that only the top 20{\textendash}30 cm of peat from experimental plots have higher CH4 production rates at elevated temperatures. Radiocarbon analyses demonstrate that CH4 and CO2 are produced primarily from decomposition of surface-derived modern photosynthate, not catotelm C. There are no differences in microbial abundances, dissolved organic matter concentrations or degradative enzyme activities among treatments. These results suggest that although surface peat will respond to increasing temperature, the large reservoir of catotelm C is stable under current anoxic conditions.},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms13723},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms13723},
	author = {Wilson, R. M. and Hopple, A. M. and Tfaily, M. M. and Sebestyen, S. D. and Schadt, C. W. and Pfeifer-Meister, L. and Medvedeff, C. and McFarlane, K. J. and Kostka, J. E. and Kolton, M. and Kolka, R.K. and Kluber, L. A. and Keller, J. K. and Guilderson, T. P. and Griffiths, N. A. and Chanton, J. P. and Bridgham, S. D. and Hanson, P. J.}
}
@article {Layzell201645,
	title = {Stratigraphy, morphology, and geochemistry of late Quaternary buried soils on the High Plains of southwestern Kansas, USA},
	journal = {CATENA},
	volume = {144},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {45 - 55},
	abstract = {Abstract This study investigated two stratigraphic sequences that record the complex interplay of sedimentation and pedogenesis over the past ca. 84 ka on the High Plains of southwestern Kansas. Up to eight eolian sand and loess units with associated soils were identified in two cores collected from an upland setting. Soil morphological and geochemical data were used to quantitatively assess and compare soil development between multiple buried soils. Chronostratigraphic relationships indicate that 1) loess and eolian sands were episodically deposited during late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 (ca. 84{\textendash}70 ka), 2) the Sangamon soil at this site formed between \{MIS\} 3/4 (ca. 70{\textendash}52 ka), which is consistent with age estimates for renewed Sangamon pedogenesis in the Mississippi River valley, and 3) soil development in the Gilman Canyon Formation began at ca. 44 ka and continued until at least 29.2 ka. Multiple lines of evidence, including grain-size distributions, structure, clay content, and chemical weathering index data, indicate that the morphology and chemistry of the Ak horizon developed in the Gilman Canyon Formation is a product of cumulization by slow loess additions. Similar evidence suggests that cumulization processes are also responsible for the morphology and chemistry of other buried soils in the stratigraphic sequence. Overall, loess inputs during pedogenesis complicate the quantification of weathering processes in these soils.},
	keywords = {Sangamon soil},
	issn = {0341-8162},
	doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2016.05.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816216301655},
	author = {Anthony L. Layzell and Rolfe D. Mandel and Tammy M. Rittenour and Jon J. Smith and R. Hunter Harlow and Greg A. Ludvigson}
}
@article {2565,
	title = {Subsurface Evidence of Storm-Driven Breaching along a Transgressing Barrier System, Cape Cod, U.S.A.},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {318},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-03-2016},
	pages = {264 - 279},
	abstract = {Relict and historic tidal channels buried within coastal barriers provide a geologic signature of environmental change, thus enhancing our understanding of how barrier systems respond to extreme storm events. Earliest maps from 1846 depict three inlets along the Waquoit Bay barrier system located on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. These channels were not depicted on maps after 1846, and we lack any information pertaining to them before 1846. The principle objective of this study was to identify the location and map the internal geometry and channel-fill configuration of the buried inlet structures using geophysical and sedimentological data acquisition methods. This was done by collecting 6.2 km of shore-parallel ground-penetrating radar data and five sediment cores ranging in depth from 4 to 5 m. The sediment cores allowed for the ground truthing of the ground-penetrating radar data and provided six samples for radiocarbon dating. The 13 paleochannels identified ranged in depths from 1.3 to 3.7 m below the present beach surface. These appeared in the radar imagery as broad U-shaped cut-and-fill features incised into adjacent barrier facies. The 13 paleochannels composed 24\% of the barrier lithosome totaling 704 m in length. Individual channels were primarily less than 65 m in length and between 2.5 and 1.3 m in depth, although an additional 275-m-wide, 3.7-m-deep channel sequence was imaged and likely represents a major and long-lived paleochannel. The results will contribute toward deciphering the evolution of the Waquoit system and identify areas vulnerable to storm-driven coastal change.},
	keywords = {coastal change, Coastal evolution, ground-penetrating radar, marine transgression, overwash, paleochannel, paleogeography, South Cape Beach},
	issn = {0749-0208},
	doi = {10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14-00109.1},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14-00109.1},
	author = {Maio, Christopher V. and Gontz, Allen M. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Madsen, Stephanie M. and Weidman, Christopher R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2596,
	title = {A sea-level database for the Pacific coast of central North America},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-04-2015},
	pages = {78 - 92},
	abstract = {A database of published and new relative sea-level (RSL) data for the past 16 ka constrains the sea-level histories of the Pacific coast of central North America (southern British Columbia to central California). Our reevaluation of the stratigraphic context and radiocarbon age of sea-level indicators from geological and archaeological investigations yields 600 sea-level index points and 241 sea-level limiting points. We subdivided the database into 12 regions based on the availability of data, tectonic setting, and distance from the former Cordilleran ice sheet. Most index (95\%) and limiting points (54\%) are <7 ka; older data come mainly from British Columbia and San Francisco Bay. The stratigraphic position of points was used as a first-order assessment of compaction. Formerly glaciated areas show variable RSL change; where data are present, highstands of RSL occur immediately post-deglaciation and in the mid to late Holocene. Sites at the periphery and distant to formerly glaciated areas demonstrate a continuous rise in RSL with a decreasing rate through time due to the collapse of the peripheral forebulge and the reduction in meltwater input during deglaciation. Late Holocene RSL change varies spatially from falling at 0.7 {\textpm} 0.8 mm a-1 in southern British Columbia to rising at 1.5 {\textpm} 0.3 mm a-1 in California. The different sea-level histories are an ongoing isostatic response to deglaciation of the Cordilleran and Laurentide Ice Sheets.},
	keywords = {Cascadia subduction zone, Glacial isostatic adjustment, Holocene, Pacific North America, Sea-level database},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.001},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.001},
	author = {Engelhart, Simon E. and Vacchi, Matteo and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nelson, Alan R. and Kopp, Robert E.}
}
@article {20,
	title = {Searching for the Oldest Baobab of Madagascar: Radiocarbon Investigation of Large Adansonia rubrostipa Trees},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {e0121170},
	abstract = {We extended our research on the architecture, growth and age of trees belonging to the genus Adansonia, by starting to investigate large individuals of the most widespread Malagasy species. Our research also intends to identify the oldest baobabs of Madagascar. Here we present results of the radiocarbon investigation of the two most representative Adansonia rubrostipa (fony baobab) specimens, which are located in south-western Madagascar, in the Tsimanampetsotse National Park. We found that the fony baobab called {\^a}{\texteuro}{\oe}Grandmother{\^a}{\texteuro} consists of 3 perfectly fused stems of different ages. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was found to be 1136 {\^A}{\textpm} 16 BP. We estimated that the oldest part of this tree, which is mainly hollow, has an age close to 1,600 yr. This value is comparable to the age of the oldest Adansonia digitata (African baobab) specimens. By its age, the Grandmother is a major candidate for the oldest baobab of Madagascar. The second investigated specimen, called the {\^a}{\texteuro}{\oe}polygamous baobab{\^a}{\texteuro}, consists of 6 partially fused stems of different ages. According to dating results, this fony baobab is 1,000 yr old. This research is the first investigation of the structure and age of Malagasy baobabs.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0121170},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371\%2Fjournal.pone.0121170},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and von Reden, Karl F. and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel and Patrut, Roxana T. and Lowy, Daniel A.}
}
@article {26,
	title = {Sediment flux and recent paleoclimate in JordanBasin, Gulf of Maine},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000351249700005},
	pages = {45-55},
	abstract = {We report planktonic foraminiferal fluxes (accumulation rates) and oxygen isotopes (5180) from a nine-month sediment trap deployment, and 8180 from three sediment cores in Jordan Basin, Gulf of Maine. The sediment trap was deployed at 150 m, about halfway to the basin floor, and samples were collected every three weeks between August 2010 and May 2011. The planktonic foraminiferal fauna in the trap is dominated by Neogloboquadrina incompta that reached a maximum flux in the second half of October. Oxygen isotope ratios on that species indicate that on average during the collecting period it lived in the surface mixed layer, when compared to predicted values based on data from a nearby hydrographic buoy from the same period. New large diameter piston cores from Jordan Basin are 25 and 28 m long. Marine hemipelagic sediments are 25 m thick, and the sharp contact with underlying red deglacial sediments is bracketed by two radiocarbon dates on bivalves that indicate ice-free conditions began 16,900 calibrated years ago. Radiocarbon dating of foraminifera indicates that the basin floor sediments (270-290 m) accumulated at > 3 m/kyr during the Holocene, whereas rates were about one tenth that on the basin slope (230 m). In principle, Jordan Basin sediments have the potential to provide time series with interannual resolution. Our results indicate the Holocene is marked by similar to 2 degrees C variability in SST, and the coldest events of the 20th century, during the mid 1960s and mid 1920s, appear to be recorded in the uppermost 50 cm of the seafloor. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2015.01.008},
	author = {Keigwin, Lloyd D. and Pilskaln, Cynthia H.}
}
@article {24,
	title = {Sedimentary response to Milankovitch-type climatic oscillations and formation of sediment undulations: evidence from a shallow-shelf setting at Gela Basin on the Sicilian continental margin},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {76-94},
	abstract = {A multi-proxy chronological framework along with sequence-stratigraphic interpretations unveils composite Milankovitch cyclicity in the sedimentary records of the Last Glacial{\textendash}Interglacial cycle at NE Gela Basin on the Sicilian continental margin. Chronostratigraphic data (including foraminifera-based eco-biostratigraphy and δ18O records, tephrochronological markers and 14C AMS radiometric datings) was derived from the shallow-shelf drill sites GeoB14403 (54.6 m recovery) and GeoB14414 (27.5 m), collected with both gravity and drilled MeBo cores in 193 m and 146 m water depth, respectively. The recovered intervals record Marine Isotope Stages and Substages (MIS) from MIS 5 to MIS 1, thus comprising major stratigraphic parts of the progradational deposits that form the last 100-ka depositional sequence. Calibration of shelf sedimentary units with borehole stratigraphies indicates the impact of higher-frequency (20-ka) sea level cycles punctuating this 100-ka cycle. This becomes most evident in the alternation of thick interstadial highstand (HST) wedges and thinner glacial forced-regression (FSST) units mirroring seaward shifts in coastal progradation. Albeit their relatively short-lived depositional phase, these subordinate HST units form the bulk of the 100-ka depositional sequence. Two mechanisms are proposed that likely account for enhanced sediment accumulation ratios (SAR) of up to 200 cm/ka during these intervals: (1) intensified activity of deep and intermediate Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) associated to the drowning of Mediterranean shelves, and (2) amplified sediment flux along the flooded shelf in response to hyperpycnal plumes that generate through extreme precipitation events during overall arid conditions. Equally, the latter mechanism is thought to be at the origin of undulated features resolved in the acoustic records of MIS 5 Interstadials, which bear a striking resemblance to modern equivalents forming on late-Holocene prodeltas of other Mediterranean shallow-shelf settings.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.030},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114004260},
	author = {Kuhlmann, Jannis and Asioli, Alessandra and Trincardi, Fabio and Kl{\"u}gel, Andreas and Huhn, Katrin}
}
@article {2481,
	title = {Sedimentation Pulse in the NE Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 DWH Blowout},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Feb-07-2016},
	pages = {e0132341},
	abstract = {The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil discharge at the seafloor as recorded in bottom sediments of the DeSoto Canyon region in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Through a close coupling of sedimentological, geochemical, and biological approaches, multiple independent lines of evidence from 11 sites sampled in November/December 2010 revealed that the upper ~1 cm depth interval is distinct from underlying sediments and results indicate that particles originated at the sea surface. Consistent dissimilarities in grain size over the surficial ~1 cm of sediments correspond to excess 234Th depths, which indicates a lack of vertical mixing (bioturbation), suggesting the entire layer was deposited within a 4{\textendash}5 month period. Further, a time series from four deep-sea sites sampled up to three additional times over the following two years revealed that excess 234Th depths, accumulation rates, and 234Th inventories decreased rapidly, within a few to several months after initial coring. The interpretation of a rapid sedimentation pulse is corroborated by stratification in solid phase Mn, which is linked to diagenesis and redox change, and the dramatic decrease in benthic formanifera density that was recorded in surficial sediments. Results are consistent with a brief depositional pulse that was also reported in previous studies of sediments, and marine snow formation in surface waters closer to the wellhead during the summer and fall of 2010. Although sediment input from the Mississippi River and advective transport may influence sedimentation on the seafloor in the DeSoto Canyon region, we conclude based on multidisciplinary evidence that the sedimentation pulse in late 2010 is the product of marine snow formation and is likely linked to the DWH discharge.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0132341},
	url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132341},
	author = {Brooks, Gregg R. and Larson, Rebekka A. and Schwing, Patrick T. and Romero, Isabel and Moore, Christopher and Reichart, Gert-Jan and Jilbert, Tom and Chanton, Jeff P. and Hastings, David W. and Overholt, Will A. and Marks, Kala P. and Kostka, Joel E. and Holmes, Charles W. and Hollander, David},
	editor = {Chin, Wei-Chun}
}
@article {23,
	title = {Single cell genomics indicates horizontal gene transfer and viral infections in a deep subsurface Firmicutes population},
	journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000352551600004},
	pages = {349-349},
	abstract = {A major fraction of Earth{\textquoteright}s prokaryotic biomass dwells in the deep subsurface, where cellular abundances per volume of sample are lower, metabolism is slower, and generation times are longer than those in surface terrestrial and marine environments. How these conditions impact biotic interactions and evolutionary processes is largely unknown. Here we employed single cell genomics to analyze cell-to-cell genome content variability and signatures of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and viral infections in five cells of Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator, which were collected from a three km-deep fracture water in the 2.9 Ga-old Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa. Between 0 and 32 \% of genes recovered from single cells were not present in the original, metagenomic assembly of Desulforudis, which was obtained from a neighboring subsurface fracture. We found a transposable prophage, a retron, multiple clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and restriction-modification systems, and an unusually high frequency of transposases in the analyzed single cell genomes. This indicates that recombination, HGT and viral infections are prevalent evolutionary events in the studied population of microorganisms inhabiting a highly stable deep subsurface environment.},
	issn = {1664-302X},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2015.00349},
	author = {Labonte, Jessica M. and Field, Erin K. and Lau, Maggie and Chivian, Dylan and Van Heerden, Esta and Wommack, K. Eric and Kieft, Thomas L. and Onstott, Tullis C. and Stepanauskas, Ramunas}
}
@article {559,
	title = {Sinking particle flux in the sea ice zone of the Amundsen Shelf, Antarctica},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {101},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Ck4reTimes Cited:4Cited References Count:38},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {110-117},
	abstract = {We have examined the flux, biogenic composition, and isotopic values of sinking particles collected by a time-series sediment trap deployed in the sea ice zone (SIZ) of the Amundsen Sea from January 2011 for 1 year. The major portion of the particle flux occurred during the austral summer in January and February when sea ice concentration was reduced to 30 \%) and a low bio-Si/POC ratio (<0.5) during the austral winter. CaCO3 content and its contribution to total particle flux was low (~6 \%) throughout the study period. Aged POC likely supplied from sediment resuspension accounted for a considerable fraction only from October to December, which was evidenced by a low radiocarbon content and relatively high (30{\textendash}50 \%) content of the non-biogenic components. When compared with POC flux inside the Amundsen Sea polynya obtained by the US Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE), the POC flux integrated over the austral summer in the SIZ was virtually identical, although the maximum POC flux was approximately half that inside the Amundsen Sea polynya. This comparatively high POC flux integrated over the austral summer in the SIZ may be caused by phytoplankton blooms persisting over a longer periods and more efficient export of organic matter potentially owing to the diatom-dominant plankton community. If this observation is a general phenomenon on the Amundsen Shelf, the role of the SIZ, compared with the polynyas, need to be examined more carefully when trying to characterize the POC export in this region.},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.002},
	author = {Kim, Minkyoung and Hwang, Jeomshik and Kim, Hyung J. and Kim, Dongseon and Yang, Eun J. and Ducklow, Hugh W. and Hyoung, S. La and Lee, Sang H. and Park, Jisoo and Lee, SangHoon}
}
@article {22,
	title = {Source-age dynamics of estuarine particulate organic matter using fatty acid delta C-13 and Delta C-14 composition},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000351126500020},
	pages = {611-628},
	abstract = {This study used a multiproxy approach to elucidate the source and age composition of estuarine particulate organic matter (POM) using bulk stable isotopes (C-13(POC)), fatty acid (FA) biomarkers, and compound specific isotopic analyses in surface waters along the Delaware River and Bay (Delaware Estuary, hereafter). C-13 values of FA (C-13(FA)) ranged more widely (-30.9 parts per thousand to -21.8 parts per thousand) than C-13(POC) (-27.5 parts per thousand to -23.5 parts per thousand), providing greater insight about POM sources along the estuary. C-13 values of C-16:0 phospholipid FA (primarily, aquatic sources) increased along the salinity gradient (-29.8 parts per thousand to -23.4 parts per thousand), while C-13(FA) values of long-chain neutral fatty acid (terrestrial sources) decreased (-28.6 parts per thousand to -30.9 parts per thousand). C-13(FA) values for C-18{\textquoteright}s FA indicated the importance of marsh-derived organic matter within Delaware Estuary. Compound specific radiocarbon analysis showed the heterogeneous age structure of FA associated with POM (FA(POM)). C-14 ages of FA ranged from modern (postbomb) to 1790BP; aged FA (120BP to 1700BP) derived primarily from the watershed, whereas modern FA were produced within Delaware Estuary. C-14 ages of short-chain FA (aquatic sources) reflected differences in the age of dissolved inorganic carbon along the estuary and had older C-14 ages at the river end-member. C-14 ages of FA from terrigenous sources were older than water and sediment residence times indicating this source derived from the watershed. This study is the first to document the complex age distribution of FA(POM) along the estuarine salinity gradient and shows that inorganic carbon sources, watershed inputs and autochthonous production contribute to variation in the ages of POM.},
	issn = {0024-3590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.10053},
	author = {McIntosh, Hadley A. and McNichol, Ann P. and Xu, Li and Canuel, Elizabeth A.}
}
@article {2532,
	title = {South Asian monsoon history over the past 60 kyr recorded by radiogenic isotopes and clay mineral assemblages in the Andaman Sea},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-02-2015},
	pages = {505 - 521},
	abstract = {The Late Quaternary variability of the South Asian (or Indian) monsoon has been linked with glacial-interglacial and millennial scale climatic changes but past rainfall intensity in the river catchments draining into the Andaman Sea remains poorly constrained. Here we use radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope compositions of the detrital clay-size fraction and clay mineral assemblages obtained from sediment core NGHP Site 17 in the Andaman Sea to reconstruct the variability of the South Asian monsoon during the past 60 kyr. Over this time interval εNd values changed little, generally oscillating between -7.3 and -5.3 and the Pb isotope signatures are essentially invariable, which is in contrast to a record located further northeast in the Andaman Sea. This indicates that the source of the detrital clays did not change significantly during the last glacial and deglaciation suggesting the monsoon was spatially stable. The most likely source region is the Irrawaddy river catchment including the Indo-Burman Ranges with a possible minor contribution from the Andaman Islands. High smectite/(illite + chlorite) ratios (up to 14), as well as low 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.711) for the Holocene period indicate enhanced chemical weathering and a stronger South Asian monsoon compared to marine oxygen isotope stages 2 and 3. Short, smectite-poor intervals exhibit markedly radiogenic Sr isotope compositions and document weakening of the South Asian monsoon, which may have been linked to short-term northern Atlantic climate variability on millennial time scales.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GC005586},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014GC005586},
	author = {Ali, Sajid and Hathorne, Ed C. and Frank, Martin and Gebregiorgis, Daniel and Stattegger, Karl and Stumpf, Roland and Kutterolf, Steffen and Johnson, Joel E. and Giosan, Liviu}
}
@article {2461,
	title = {Spatial Variation in the Origin of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Snow on the Juneau Icefield, Southeast Alaska},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jun-10-2015},
	pages = {11492 - 11499},
	abstract = {Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a fundamental role in the biogeochemistry of glacier ecosystems. However, the specific sources of glacier DOC remain unresolved. To assess the origin and nature of glacier DOC, we collected snow from 10 locations along a transect across the Juneau Icefield, Alaska extending from the coast toward the interior. The Δ14C-DOC of snow varied from -743 to -420{\textperthousand} showing progressive depletion across the Icefield as δ18O of water became more depleted (R2 = 0.56). Older DOC corresponded to lower DOC concentrations in snow (R2 = 0.31) and a decrease in percent humic-like fluorescence (R2 = 0.36), indicating an overall decrease in modern DOC across the Icefield. Carbon isotopic signatures (13C and 14C) combined with a three-source mixing model showed that DOC deposited in snow across the Icefield reflects fossil fuel combustion products (43{\textendash}73\%) and to a lesser extent marine (21{\textendash}41\%) and terrestrial sources (1{\textendash}26\%). Our finding that combustion aerosols are a large source of DOC to the glacier ecosystem during the early spring (April{\textendash}May) together with the pronounced rates of glacier melting in the region suggests that the delivery of relic DOC to the ocean may be increasing and consequently impacting the biogeochemistry of glacial and proglacial ecosystems in unanticipated ways.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5b02685},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.5b02685http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.5b02685},
	author = {Fellman, Jason B. and Hood, Eran and Raymond, Peter A. and Stubbins, Aron and Spencer, Robert G.M.}
}
@article {48,
	title = {Seafloor fault ruptures along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: Link with the adjacent basin turbidite record},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {353},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {65-83},
	abstract = {The relation between seafloor fault ruptures and the generation of turbidity currents was investigated to better understand the structural growth of tectonic basins with direct implications for earthquake hazard assessment. This study focuses on the Holocene earthquake record of transtensional basins in the Marmara Sea, Turkey, that are associated with the North Anatolian Fault system. The physical and chemical composition of three 10 m-long cores recovered from the Central Basin was studied at high-resolution and turbidite{\textendash}homogenite units were identified. Turbidite{\textendash}homogenite units (T{\textendash}H units) are complex deposits that consist of a sharp basal contact and multiple fining upward beds of sand to coarse silt, above. All are capped by a 25 cm to 75 cm thick layer of medium to fine silt. A chronology developed from radiocarbon and short-lived radioisotopes allowed the correlation of these T{\textendash}H units to the historical record of earthquakes that in Turkey goes back 2000 years. We found that the best location to recover the most complete sedimentation record is in the deepest part of a basin or {\textquotedblleft}depocenter{\textquotedblright} where T{\textendash}H units constitute ~ 80\% of the sediments. A very good correlation was established between T{\textendash}H units in Central Basin and proximal inferred historic epicentres along the central Marmara segment of the North Anatolia Fault that occurred in 1343, 860, 740, and 557 AD, and two more distal earthquakes that occurred in 268 and 1963 (or possibly1964). These sedimentation events can then be referred to as {\textquotedblleft}seismo-turbidites{\textquotedblright}. The results when compared to findings from other transform basins in Marmara Sea reveal a very good correlation between T{\textendash}H units and historic ruptures. Most importantly, there is a strong correlation between the inferred locations of historical earthquakes and the preservation of turbidite{\textendash}homogenite units in the basin adjacent to the inferred rupture. The 740 AD earthquake correlates with T{\textendash}H units in Izmit Gulf and Central Basin and could represent a multi-segment rupture of the NAF. Generally, T{\textendash}H units appear to be clustered through the Holocene sections, suggesting temporal earthquake clustering in the Marmara Sea region. Such clustering may account for the lack of T{\textendash}H units and hence large ruptures through the Central Basin since 1343.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322714000498},
	author = {McHugh, Cecilia M. G. and Braudy, Nicole and {\c C}a{\u g}atay, M. Namik and Sorlien, Christopher and Cormier, Marie-Helene and Seeber, Leonardo and Henry, Pierre}
}
@article {2460,
	title = {Seasonal variability of organic matter composition in an Alaskan glacier outflow: insights into glacier carbon sources},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-05-2014},
	pages = {055005},
	abstract = {Glacier ecosystems are a significant source of bioavailable, yet ancient dissolved organic carbon
(DOC). Characterizing DOC in Mendenhall Glacier out flow (southeast Alaska) we document a
seasonal persistence to the radiocarbon-depleted signature of DOC, highlighting ancient DOC as
a ubiquitous feature of glacier out flow. We observed no systematic depletion in Δ14C-DOC with
increasing discharge during the melt season that would suggest mobilization of an aged subglacial carbon store. However, DOC concentration, δ13C-DOC,Δ14C-DOC and fluorescence signatures appear to have been in fluenced by runoff from vegetated hillslopes above the glacier during onset and senescence of melt. In the peak glacier melt period, the Δ 14 C-DOC of stream samples at the out flow (-181.7 to-355.3{\textperthousand}) was comparable to the Δ 14 C-DOC for snow samples from the accumulation zone (-207.2 to-390.9{\textperthousand}), suggesting that ancient DOC from the glacier surface is exported in glacier runoff. The pre-aged DOC in glacier snow and runoff is consistent with contributions from fossil fuel combustion sources similar to those documented previously in ice cores and thus provides evidence for anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon cycle. Overall, our results emphasize the need to further characterize DOC inputs to glacier ecosystems, particularly in light of predicted changes in glacier mass and runoff in the coming century.},
	keywords = {alaska, dissolved organic carbon, glacier, organic matter, radiocarbon},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055005},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055005/meta},
	author = {Spencer, Robert G M and Vermilyea, Andrew and Fellman, Jason and Raymond, Peter and Stubbins, Aron and Scott, Durelle and Hood, Eran}
}
@article {547,
	title = {Sedimentary and faunal signatures of the post-glacial marine drowning of the Pontocaspian Gemlik {\textquotedblleft}lake{\textquotedblright} (Sea of Marmara)},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {345},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {11-17},
	abstract = {A Late Pleistocene (Neoeuxinian) Pontocaspian fauna is documented from sediments cored at̴ \~{}75 m present water depth in the shallow-silled (\~{}50 m) Gulf of Gemlik, Sea of Marmara. As determined by AMS-14C dating of Pontocaspian gastropods (15,860 {\textpm} 90 BP uncal.), the age of such fauna is consistent with known episodes of Caspian overflow into the Black Sea Basin (Early Hvalynian floods). The fossil mollusc fauna is relatively diverse (12 non-marine taxa), made up of neritid and hydrobioid gastropods, and dreissenid and lymnocardiine bivalves. The presence of hitherto poorly known Pontocaspian taxa in the Sea of Marmara, further documented by the record in Gulf of Gemlik, seems to document that the Neoeuxinian Sea extended south of the Bosporus in the latest Pleistocene. Further, they provide insight into the origin of the modern Black Sea Pontocaspian taxa. The Gemlik Neoeuxinian lacustrine-brackish fauna under scrutiny is the westernmost known expansion of the Pontocaspian domain during the Late Pleistocene. This distinct biogeographic faunal affinity, with all its eastbound implications in terms of landscape and seaway connections, came to an end with the abrupt marine inundation that accompanied the postglacial sea-level rise from the Mediterranean Sea.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.045},
	author = {Taviani, M. and Angeletti, L. and Cagatay, M. N. and Gasperini, L. and Polonia, A. and Wesselingh, F. P.}
}
@article {65,
	title = {Sedimentation patterns on a cold-water coral mound off Mauritania},
	journal = {Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {307-315},
	abstract = {An unconformity-bound glacial sequence (135 cm thick) of a coral-bearing sediment core collected from the flank of a cold-water coral mound in the Banda Mound Province off Mauritania was analysed. In order to study the relation between coral framework growth and its filling by hemipelagic sediments, U-series dates obtained from the cold-water coral species Lophelia pertusa were compared to 14C dates of planktonic foraminifera of the surrounding matrix sediments. The coral ages, ranging from 45.1 to 32.3 ka BP, exhibit no clear depositional trend, while on the other hand the 14C dates of the matrix sediment provide ages within a much narrower time window of <3000 yrs (34.6{\textendash}31.8 cal ka BP), corresponding to the latest phase of the coral growth period. In addition, high-resolution computer tomography data revealed a subdivision of the investigated sediment package into three distinct parts, defined by the portion and fragmentation of corals and associated macrofauna as well as in the density of the matrix sediments. Grain size spectra obtained on the matrix sediments show a homogeneous pattern throughout the core sediment package, with minor variations. These features are interpreted as indicators of redeposition. Based on the observed structures and the dating results, the sediments were interpreted as deposits of a mass wasting event, namely a debris flow. During this event, the sediment unit must have been entirely mixed; resulting in averaging of the foraminifera ages from the whole unit and giving randomly distributed coral ages. In this context, for the first time mass wasting is proposed to be a substantial process of mound progradation by exporting material from the mound top to the flanks. Hence, it may not only be an erosional feature but also widening the base of the mound, thus allowing further vertical mound growth.},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.07.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513002762},
	author = {Eisele, Markus and Frank, Norbert and Wienberg, Claudia and Titschack, J{\"u}rgen and Mienis, Furu and Beuck, Lydia and Tisnerat-Laborde, Nadine and Hebbeln, Dierk}
}
@article {2544,
	title = {Silicon isotopes indicate enhanced carbon export efficiency in the North Atlantic during deglaciation},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Nov-01-2015},
	abstract = {Today{\textquoteright}s Sargasso Sea is nutrient starved, except for episodic upwelling events caused by wind-driven winter mixing and eddies. Enhanced diatom opal burial in Sargasso Sea sediments indicates that silicic acid, a limiting nutrient today, may have been more available in subsurface waters during Heinrich Stadials, millennial-scale climate perturbations of the last glacial and deglaciation. Here we use the geochemistry of opal-forming organisms from different water depths to demonstrate changes in silicic acid supply and utilization during the most recent Heinrich Stadial. We suggest that during the early phase (17.5{\textendash}18 ka), wind-driven upwelling replenished silicic acid to the subsurface, resulting in low Si utilization. By 17 ka, stratification reduced the surface silicic acid supply leading to increased Si utilization efficiency. This abrupt shift in Si cycling would have contributed to high regional carbon export efficiency during the recent Heinrich Stadial, despite being a period of increasing atmospheric CO2.},
	keywords = {Biogeochemistry, Cryospheric science, Ocean sciences},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms4107},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms4107},
	author = {Hendry, Katharine R. and Robinson, Laura F. and McManus, Jerry F. and Hays, James D.}
}
@article {556,
	title = {Sites forlorn: dating intervals of abandonment at three shell middens on Santa Cruz Island, California using Bayesian chronological models},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Au6tmTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {633-644},
	abstract = {Archaeologists interested in variable mobility patterns and the factors that influence them rely on chronometric data to illuminate repetitive cycles of occupation, abandonment, and reoccupation. This article establishes and interrogates Bayesian chronological models in order to provide formal age estimates for two distinct intervals of site abandonment at three substantial multi-component shell middens from Santa Cruz Island, California. The earlier, more protracted interval of abandonment (ca. 2629{\textendash}1698 cal. BP) following terminal Early Period occupation at each site location represents a temporal datum for a series of significant cultural, demographic, and technological developments throughout the region. I propose that this interval of localized site abandonments indicates a period of reorganization provoked by a shift in the paleoenvironment, a preliminary hypothesis that requires further testing. This research calls for development of similarly rigorous site chronologies on Santa Cruz Island and throughout the region that will shed further light on the validity of the temporal gaps documented in this analysis and most certainly will facilitate the development of additional hypotheses. More broadly, this article highlights the implementation and benefit of a Bayesian approach to building and interrogating site chronologies.},
	issn = {0305-4403},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2014.03.029},
	author = {Thakar, H. B.}
}
@article {2459,
	title = {Source and biolability of ancient dissolved organic matter in glacier and lake ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-10-2014},
	pages = {64 - 74},
	abstract = {The Tibetan Plateau is the world{\textquoteright}s largest and highest plateau and holds the largest mass of ice on Earth outside the ice-sheets of Greenland and Antarctica, as well as abundant lakes. This study examined the molecular and isotopic signatures of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along with its biolability in glacier ice, glacier-fed streams, and alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. The aim was to assess the sources of DOM and the potential of DOM to provide a carbon subsidy to downstream ecosystems. Tibetan glaciers and glacier streams exhibited low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (17.7{\textendash}27.9 μM) and ancient DOC radiocarbon ages (749{\textendash}2350 ybp). The optical properties, stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C-DOC) and the molecular composition (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry) of Tibetan glacier DOM are consistent with data from other glacier systems around the world. The geochemical signatures and the ancient apparent ages of Tibetan glacier DOM suggest a significant fraction is derived from the atmospheric deposition of pre-aged, possibly fossil fuel derived organics. Within the Tibetan alpine lakes, DOC was also ancient (525{\textendash}675 ybp), due to either inputs of pre-aged organics from glacier runoff, direct deposition, or due to the aging of organics in situ (i.e. a radiocarbon reservoir effect). The glacier ice and glacier stream sites exhibited high biolability of DOC and so provide a carbon subsidy to downstream environments that will change as glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau recede.},
	issn = {00167037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.08.006},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703714005018http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703714005018?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703714005018?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Spencer, Robert G.M. and Guo, Weidong and Raymond, Peter A. and Dittmar, Thorsten and Hood, Eran and Fellman, Jason and Stubbins, Aron}
}
@article { ISI:000338758400016,
	title = {Submarine Paleoseismology Along Populated Transform Boundaries: The Enriquillo-Plantain-Garden Fault, Canal du Sud, Haiti, and the North Anatolian Fault, Marmara Sea, Turkey},
	journal = {OCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {27},
	number = {{2, SI}},
	year = {2014},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {118-131},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Continental transform boundaries cross heavily populated regions and are associated with destructive earthquakes worldwide. The devastating 1999 Turkey earthquakes and the offshore 2010 Haiti earthquake emphasized the urgent need to study the submerged segments of continental transforms. In response, the rapidly evolving field of submarine paleoseismology is focusing its attention on understanding the relationships between sedimentation, seafloor ruptures, and earthquake recurrence intervals along submarine faults. In Canal du Sud, Haiti, the 2010 earthquake-triggered sedimentation events were documented from nearshore to the deep basin by measuring the excess Th-234 in sediment cores. This radioisotope, with a half-life of 24 days, tracked mass wasting, turbidites, turbidite-homogenite units, and a sediment plume that remained in the water column for at least two months after the earthquake. However, the turbidite units in Canal du Sud, Haiti, provide an incomplete record of the region{\textquoteright}s earthquake history, likely because sedimentation rates are too low for sedimentation events to be triggered by all earthquakes. In contrast, in the Marmara Sea basins, there is very good correlation between turbidites and the historical record of earthquakes dating back 2,000 years. The difference between these correlations is likely related to both sedimentation rates and particulars of the ruptures. Future research along the Enriquillo-Plantain-Garden fault in Haiti and along similar low sedimentation plate boundaries should focus on multiple fault segments in order to obtain complete earthquake recurrence histories.},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	author = {McHugh, Cecilia M. G. and Seeber, Leonardo and Cormier, Marie-Helene and Hornbach, Matthew}
}
@article { ISI:000372038300004,
	title = {Subsurface Evidence of Storm-Driven Breaching along a Transgressing Barrier System, Cape Cod, USA},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {32},
	number = {{2}},
	year = {2014},
	month = {MAR},
	pages = {264-279},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Relict and historic tidal channels buried within coastal barriers provide a geologic signature of environmental change, thus enhancing our understanding of how barrier systems respond to extreme storm events. Earliest maps from 1846 depict three inlets along the Waquoit Bay barrier system located on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. These channels were not depicted on maps after 1846, and we lack any information pertaining to them before 1846. The principle objective of this study was to identify the location and map the internal geometry and channel-fill configuration of the buried inlet structures using geophysical and sedimentological data acquisition methods. This was done by collecting 6.2 km of shoreparallel ground-penetrating radar data and five sediment cores ranging in depth from 4 to 5 m. The sediment cores allowed for the ground truthing of the ground-penetrating radar data and provided six samples for radiocarbon dating. The 13 paleochannels identified ranged in depths from 1.3 to 3.7 m below the present beach surface. These appeared in the radar imagery as broad U-shaped cut-and-fill features incised into adjacent barrier facies. The 13 paleochannels composed 24\% of the barrier lithosome totaling 704 m in length. Individual channels were primarily less than 65 m in length and between 2.5 and 1.3 m in depth, although an additional 275-m-wide, 3.7-m-deep channel sequence was imaged and likely represents a major and long-lived paleochannel. The results will contribute toward deciphering the evolution of the Waquoit system and identify areas vulnerable to storm-driven coastal change.},
	keywords = {coastal change, Coastal evolution, ground-penetrating radar, marine transgression, overwash, paleochannel, paleogeography, South Cape Beach},
	issn = {0749-0208},
	doi = {10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14-00109.1},
	author = {Maio, Christopher V. and Gontz, Allen M. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Madsen, Stephanie M. and Weidman, Christopher R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {98,
	title = {Sea-level change during the last 2500 years in New Jersey, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {90-104},
	abstract = {Relative sea-level changes during the last \~{}2500 years in New Jersey, USA were reconstructed to test if late Holocene sea level was stable or included persistent and distinctive phases of variability. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were combined to reconstruct paleomarsh elevation with decimeter precision from sequences of salt-marsh sediment at two sites using a multi-proxy approach. The additional paleoenvironmental information provided by bulk-sediment δ13C values reduced vertical uncertainty in the sea-level reconstruction by about one third of that estimated from foraminifera alone using a transfer function. The history of sediment deposition was constrained by a composite chronology. An age{\textendash}depth model developed for each core enabled reconstruction of sea level with multi-decadal resolution. Following correction for land-level change (1.4 mm/yr), four successive and sustained (multi-centennial) sea-level trends were objectively identified and quantified (95\% confidence interval) using error-in-variables change point analysis to account for age and sea-level uncertainties. From at least 500 BC to 250 AD, sea-level fell at 0.11 mm/yr. The second period saw sea-level rise at 0.62 mm/yr from 250 AD to 733 AD. Between 733 AD and 1850 AD, sea level fell at 0.12 mm/yr. The reconstructed rate of sea-level rise since \~{}1850 AD was 3.1 mm/yr and represents the most rapid period of change for at least 2500 years. This trend began between 1830 AD and 1873 AD. Since this change point, reconstructed sea-level rise is in agreement with regional tide-gauge records and exceeds the global average estimate for the 20th century. These positive and negative departures from background rates demonstrate that the late Holocene sea level was not stable in New Jersey.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.024},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113003740},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Vane, Christopher H. and Bernhardt, Christopher E. and Corbett, D. Reide and Engelhart, Simon E. and Anisfeld, Shimon C. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Cahill, Niamh}
}
@article {548,
	title = {Seasonal climate change across the Roman Warm Period/Vandal Minimum transition using isotope sclerochronology in archaeological shells and otoliths, southwest Florida, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {308},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2298},
	month = {Oct 2},
	pages = {230-241},
	abstract = {Archaeological evidence suggests that southwest Florida experienced variably warmer and wetter climate during the Roman Warm Period (RWP; 300 BC{\textendash}550 AD) relative to the Vandal Minimum (VM; 550{\textendash}800 AD). This hypothesis was tested by reconstructing seasonal-scale climate conditions for the latter part of the RWP (1{\textendash}550 AD) by using high-resolution oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) of archaeological shells (Mercenaria campechiensis) and otoliths (Ariopsis felis). Eight shells radiocarbon-dated to 150{\textendash}550 AD recorded that the RWP summers at 150{\textendash}250 AD were insignificantly different from today and the RWP summers at 250{\textendash}350 AD and 450{\textendash}550 AD were drier relative to today. Eight otoliths indicate that the winters were variable during the RWP, colder than today at 150{\textendash}200 AD and 250{\textendash}300 AD, similar to today at 200{\textendash}250 AD, 300{\textendash}350 AD and 450{\textendash}500 AD, and warmer than today at 500{\textendash}550 AD. The climate reconstructions agree with archaeological observations and are partially coherent with the history of sea-level change, with a drying and cooling trend at the 95\% confidence level across the RWP/VM transition. The climate transition is not only consistent with falling sea level, but also coherent with reduced solar radiation. Reduced solar radiation may have triggered a change in atmospheric circulation patterns that precipitated the observed climate transition.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.11.013},
	author = {Wang, Ting and Surge, Donna and Walker, Karen Jo}
}
@article {79,
	title = {Sedimentological and geomorphological imprints of Holocene tsunamis in southwestern Spain: An approach to establish the recurrence period},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Drowned Landscapes (INQUA-CMP and IGCP-526)},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {97-104},
	abstract = {This paper reviews the sedimentological and geomorphological imprints of prehistoric and historical tsunamis in the four main estuaries of SW Spain. These imprints include beach erosion, filling of intertidal channels, deposition of bioclastic layers, washover fans and reworked aeolian sheets and the breaching of spits and tombolos. Most of these imprints were caused by the 218{\textendash}209 BC and AD 1755 tsunamis, although evidence of other tsunamis has been identified. In these two events, effects on human populations were severe and diverse, such as human loss of life, changes in coastal settlements and international borders, damage to port infrastructure or flooding of marsh and inhabited areas. New radiocarbon reservoir data were included in order to obtain an approach to the recurrence period of these high-energy events (700{\textendash}1000 years) in this area.},
	issn = {0169-555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.09.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X13004650},
	author = {Ruiz, Francisco and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Vidal, Joaqu{\'\i}n and Abad, Manuel and C{\'a}ceres, Luis M. and Carretero, Mar{\'\i}a I. and Pozo, Manuel and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Llanes, Jos{\'e} M. and G{\'o}mez-Toscano, Francisco and Izquierdo, Tatiana and Font, Eric and Toscano, Antonio}
}
@article {2451,
	title = {Sedimentological and Geophysical Signatures of A Relict Tidal Inlet Complex Along A Wave-Dominated Barrier: Assateague Island, Maryland, U.S.A},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-02-2013},
	pages = {132 - 144},
	abstract = {Assateague Island is a classic example of a wave-dominated, retrograding barrier island, with its recent geological history punctuated by episodes of overwash and breaching (comparable to the Outer Banks, North Carolina; northern New Jersey coast; Long Island, New York, etc.). This study aims to provide high-resolution data of a paleo-inlet which may lead to a more precise evolutionary model of other wave-dominated barrier islands. The study focuses on a historically stable segment fronting the Green Run Bay. The site lies north of the historical Green Run Inlet (active until 1880); however, there is no morphological or historical evidence of this inlet occupying the more northerly position, thus suggesting that the study site may represent a relict part of the barrier. High-resolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images, complemented with sediment cores and multi-dating techniques, were used to reconstruct the geological legacy of the Green Run Bay segment. The findings indicate that a shallow backbarrier channel, still visible within the Green Run Bay, can be traced to a large (> 380 m wide, 3.0{\textendash}3.5 m thick) channel cut-and-fill structure beneath the barrier. The channel fill consists of tangential- to sigmoidal-oblique, southward-dipping reflections downlapping onto channel lag facies, which overlie subhorizontal bay-fill strata. Mollusks from the bay fill yield calibrated ages of 4419{\textendash}2018 yr BP. The paleo-channel facies overlying the bay deposits exhibit a fining-upward sequence, with a mean grain size decreasing from 0.44 to 2.43 φ (0.74 to 0.19 mm). Optically stimulated luminescence dating places the middle part of the inlet fill at 730{\textendash}590 yr BP. The paleo-channel fill does not extend to the south and therefore is a separate relict feature that predates the historical Green Run Inlet. The paleo-tidal prism of the relict channel was at least 17 {\texttimes} 106 m3, which is comparable to many wave-dominated historical and active inlets along the Atlantic Seaboard. Findings in this study provide the geological background for coastal hazard assessments and offer a mesoscale example of inlet-facies architecture in wave-dominated barrier sequences identified in the rock record.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.2013.10},
	url = {http://jsedres.sepmonline.org/cgi/doi/10.2110/jsr.2013.10http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/doi/10.2110/jsr.2013.10},
	author = {Seminack, C. T. and Buynevich, I. V.}
}
@article {558,
	title = {Separation of Lake Superior from Lakes Michigan{\textendash}Huron about 1250 yr ago},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {375},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2336},
	pages = {319-325},
	abstract = {Lake Superior represents an important component of the aquatic ecosystem in North America. Along its south shore, ongoing lake-level rise, accelerated erosion, and wetland loss are major environmental concerns to coastal communities. A better prediction of the future of this shore requires placing the instrumental lake-level records in a geological context. However, our knowledge of the late-Holocene history of the world{\textquoteright}s largest freshwater body remains fragmentary. Here we present a sedimentary record of late-Holocene relative lake-level changes by dating transgressive basal peats resting directly on a sandy substrate along a bathymetric gradient in Bark Bay Slough, Wisconsin. Our record shows a moderate lake-level rise at 1.4{\textpm}0.2 mm/yr from about 2200 to 1250 cal yr BP as a result of relatively slow differential uplift of Bark Bay relative to the controlling outlet at Port Huron. The rise accelerated to 2.3{\textpm}0.2 mm/yr at about 1250 cal yr BP when Sault Ste. Marie emerged as the controlling outlet, thereby separating Superior from Lakes Michigan{\textendash}Huron and giving rise to the modern hydrographic regime of the upper Great Lakes. The timing of this event in our record is about 1000 yr later than that postulated in most previous studies. Our results not only provide pertinent information for hydrological regulation, navigation operation, and infrastructural design in the upper Great Lakes, but also provide insight into freshwater wetland succession on flooded coasts.},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.051},
	author = {Yu, Shi-Yong and Colman, Steven M. and Milne, Glenn A.}
}
@article {106,
	title = {Should dates trump context? Evaluation of the Cave 7 skeletal assemblage radiocarbon dates},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2281},
	pages = {2754-2770},
	abstract = {{\textquotedblleft}Massacre{\textquotedblright} was the accepted interpretation for a prehistoric skeletal assemblage of around 90 individuals from Cave 7 in the SE Utah of the North American Southwest since the 1890s. Coltrain and others (Journal of Archaeological Science 39, 2220{\textendash}2230) rejected this account based on a dispersed suite of AMS radiocarbon dates on purified bone collagen from the interred individuals. Since dates from skeletons exhibiting perimortem damage were scattered across some 400 radiocarbon years, Coltrain et al. argued for multiple interments of victims of violence and related kin spread across several centuries. The temporal placement of interment events in Cave 7 clearly cannot be known independent of radiocarbon assays but such assays should not be privileged above contextual information about which individuals were interred together unless verified by an independent dating laboratory. Only by ignoring important information about burial context in the 1893 field record can the dates of Coltrain et al. be accepted as accurate estimates of time of death. We redated residual collagen from 11 of the Cave 7 individuals because of significant contextual anomalies with some of the prior results. The new assays combined with contextual evidence demonstrate that some of Coltrain et al.{\textquoteright}s dates are either too old or too young; the dates are neither sufficiently accurate (true estimates of sample age) nor sufficiently precise (small confidence intervals) to refute a single-event massacre or to confirm multiple interment events in Cave 7. Nonetheless, dates that meet these criteria disclose at least two interment events, a large one of mostly adult males, many exhibiting perimortem damage (a massacre assemblage), and a small one consisting of an adult female with three children. A third interment event of a few adult females and child is possible based primarily on context since the date distribution in this case overlaps substantially with that of the massacre victims; context also hints at other interment events. Aside from chronology we clarify the number of Basketmaker individuals interred at the site and the incidence of perimortem violence. A single-event mass killing continues to be the most likely interpretation for around 58 individuals, mostly adult males (at least 35) but also adult females and children. This incident occurred between cal. AD 20{\textendash}80 and doubtless had a significant social impact at the time because of its scale, reverberating throughout the early farming communities of the Southwest.},
	issn = {0305-4403},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2013.01.034},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440313000575},
	author = {Geib, Phil R. and Hurst, Winston B.}
}
@article {77,
	title = {Source, diagenesis, and fluxes of particulate organic carbon along the western Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {337},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2335},
	pages = {156-170},
	abstract = {In this study, we investigated the modern organic carbon (OC) cycling along the clinoform-shaped deposit that developed after the attainment of the modern sea-level in the Adriatic Sea (~ 5.5 kyr cal BP). Newly acquired data were combined with published results to characterize the (i) origin, (ii) diagenesis, and (iii) fluxes of OC along the Adriatic clinoform. δ13C, Δ14C, and lignin phenols were used to constrain the composition of OC accumulating in surface sediments. Sediment cores collected at different water depths were used to describe the early diagenesis during burial in different regions. In addition, on the basis of an extensive number of accumulation rates and OC data, we assessed the flux of OC to the seabed and its burial. Our results showed that terrigenous OC is the dominant OC source in the Po prodelta mainly in the form of pre-aged soil-derived OC and vascular plant fragments. Along the clinoform, both Δ14C and the concentration of lignin-derived phenols decreased with increasing distance from the Po prodelta indicating the influence of an additional pool of aged OC that gradually becomes more important because of its selective preservation during the sediment transport. As a result, degradation rates (k) decreased along the clinoform as a function of the sediment oxidative history. The calculated half-life of reactive OC (t1/2) was ~ 14.6 yrs in the Po prodelta whereas topset/forest deposits south of this region exhibited higher values, ~ 100 yrs, indicating the presence of refractory material. In the distal bottomset region, the t1/2 was particularly high ranging from ~ 255 to ~ 912 yrs. Because of the significant southward component of the sediment transport, the OC deposition in the southern surface sediments exceeded the local OC input via rivers (ratio deposition/input 1.2). Conversely, the northern Adriatic was characterized by a marked imbalance (ratio deposition/input 0.3{\textendash}0.5). According to our calculations, the OC flux to the seabed along the clinoform was ~ 309 Gg of C per year whereas the OC burial was ~ 180 Gg of C per year, corresponding to an overall burial efficiency of ~ 59\%.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2013.03.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322713000273},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Langone, L. and Giani, M. and Ravaioli, M. and Miserocchi, S.}
}
@article {97,
	title = {Stratigraphy and wiggle-matching-based age-depth model of late Holocene marine sediments in Beppu Bay, southwest Japan},
	journal = {New Global Perspectives on Paleontology, Stratigraphy, Paleoceanography, Paleoclimatology, and Tectonics in the East Asia and Western Pacific},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2295},
	pages = {133-148},
	abstract = {We analyzed the lithology, magnetic susceptibility, bulk density, and X-ray radiographs of 14 sediment cores (1{\textendash}9 m long) from Beppu Bay in the western Seto Inland Sea, Japan, to establish the late Holocene stratigraphy in the deepest part of the bay and to develop an age{\textendash}depth model for the sediments there. The cores contained 18 thick (major event) high-density layers (16 turbidites and two volcanic ash; >1 cm thick), and both lithological observations and density variations in the hemipelagic mud that is dominant in the cores revealed a further 55 thin (minor event) high-density layers (},
	issn = {1367-9120},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.07.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912012002957},
	author = {Kuwae, Michinobu and Yamamoto, Masanobu and Ikehara, Ken and Irino, Tomohisa and Takemura, Keiji and Sagawa, Takuya and Sakamoto, Tatsuhiko and Ikehara, Minoru and Takeoka, Hidetaka}
}
@article {2482,
	title = {Surface production fuels deep heterotrophic respiration in northern peatlands},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-12-2013},
	pages = {1163 - 1174},
	abstract = {[1] Multiple analyses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from pore waters were conducted to define the processes that govern carbon balance in peatlands: (1) source, reactivity, and transport of DOC with respect to vegetation, peat, and age of carbon substrate, (2) reactivity of DOC with respect to molecular size, and (3) lability to photoxidation of surficial DOC. We found that surface organic production fuels heterotrophic respiration at depth in advection-dominated peatlands, especially in fens. Fen DOC was Δ14C enriched relative to the surrounding fen peat, and fen respiration products were similar to this enriched DOC indicating that DOC was the main microbial substrate. Bog DOC was more variable showing either enrichment in ∆14C at depth or ∆14C values that follow peat values. This variability in bogs is probably controlled by the relative importance of vertical transport of labile carbon substrates within the peat profile versus DOC production from bog peat. These results extended our set of observations to 10 years at one bog-fen pair and add two additional bog-fen pairs to our series of observations. Anaerobic incubations of peat, rinsed free of residual DOC, produced DOC and respiration products that were strikingly similar to the peat values in a bog and two fens. This result demonstrated conclusively that downward advection is the process responsible for the presence of modern DOC found at depth in the peat column. Fen DOC has lower C/N values and up to twice as much LMW (<1 kDa) DOC as bogs due to differences in organic inputs and greater microbial processing. Fluorescence irradiation experiments showed that fen DOC is more photolabile than bog DOC.},
	doi = {10.1002/2013GB004677},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013GB004677https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2013GB004677},
	author = {Elizabeth Corbett, J. and Burdige, David J. and Tfaily, Malak M. and Dial, Angela R. and Cooper, William T. and Glaser, Paul H. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2566,
	title = {Sea surface temperature variability and sea-ice extent in the subarctic northwest Pacific during the past 15,000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan-09-2012},
	pages = {n/a - n/a},
	abstract = {Past changes in North Pacific sea surface temperatures and sea-ice conditions are proposed to play a crucial role in deglacial climate development and ocean circulation but are less well known than from the North Atlantic. Here, we present new alkenone-based sea surface temperature records from the subarctic northwest Pacific and its marginal seas (Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk) for the time interval of the last 15 kyr, indicating millennial-scale sea surface temperature fluctuations similar to short-term deglacial climate oscillations known from Greenland ice core records. Past changes in sea-ice distribution are derived from relative percentage of specific diatom groups and qualitative assessment of the IP25biomarker related to sea-ice diatoms. The deglacial variability in sea-ice extent matches the sea surface temperature fluctuations. These fluctuations suggest a linkage to deglacial variations in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and a close atmospheric coupling between the North Pacific and North Atlantic. During the Holocene the subarctic North Pacific is marked by complex sea surface temperature trends, which do not support the hypothesis of a Holocene seesaw in temperature development between the North Atlantic and the North Pacific.},
	doi = {10.1029/2012PA002292},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2012PA002292},
	author = {Max, Lars and Riethdorf, Jan-Rainer and Tiedemann, Ralf and Smirnova, Maria and Lembke-Jene, Lester and Fahl, Kirsten and {\"u}rnberg, Dirk and Matul, Alexander and Mollenhauer, Gesine}
}
@article { ISI:000304550900001,
	title = {Seasonal fluxes and source variation of organic carbon transported by two major Chinese Rivers: The Yellow River and Changjiang (Yangtze) River},
	journal = {GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2012},
	month = {MAY 25},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A one-year study was carried out to investigate the seasonal fluxes and source variation of organic carbon transported by two major Chinese rivers, the Yellow River and Changjiang. In 2009, the Yellow River and Changjiang transported 3.20 x 10(10) g and 1.58 x 10(12) g DOC and 3.89 x 10(11) g and 1.52 x 10(12) g POC, respectively. The dominant input of the terrestrial organic matter occurred during the high discharge period from June to July for the Yellow River and from June to August for Changjiang, accounting for 36-44\% of the DOC and 72-86\% of the POC transported by the two rivers in 2009. The Yellow River transported much higher concentrations of inorganic carbon than organic carbon, while a reverse trend was found in the Changjiang, indicating the different sources of carbon discharged by the two rivers. Using radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope measurements, we identified the different sources and seasonal variations of organic carbon transported by the Yellow River and Changjiang. The Yellow River carried old POC with radiocarbon ages ranging from 4000 to 8000 years, while POC transported by Changjiang had a relatively younger C-14 age ranging from 800 to 1060 years. The C-14 ages of DOC were relatively younger (305-1570 years) and showed less variation between the two rivers. The seasonal variations found in C-14 ages of DOC and POC indicate that a large fraction of recent-fixed labile organic carbon was transported by the two rivers in the spring and summer months. The different sources and seasonal variations in both fluxes and sources of organic carbon transported by the Yellow River and Changjiang could have an important influence on the biogeochemical cycle and ecosystems in the estuaries and adjacent coastal waters of the East China Sea.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2011GB004130},
	author = {Wang, Xuchen and Ma, Haiqing and Li, Ronghua and Song, Zhensu and Wu, Jinping}
}
@article {145,
	title = {A sedimentary-based history of hurricane strikes on the southern Caribbean coast of Nicaragua},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2327},
	pages = {454-464},
	abstract = {Multi-millennial hurricane landfall records from the western North Atlantic indicate that landfall frequency has varied dramatically over time, punctuated by multi-centennial to millennial scale periods of hyperactivity. We extend the record geographically by presenting a paleostrike record inferred from a four-core transect from a marsh on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua. Fossil pollen indicates that the site was a highly organic wetland from ~ 5400{\textendash}4900 cal yr BP, at which time it became a shallow marine lagoon until ~ 2800 cal yr BP when it transitioned back into swamp/marsh, freshening over time, with the present fresh-to-brackish Typha marsh developing over the very recent past. Hurricane Joan, 1988, is recorded as a distinctive light-colored sand{\textendash}silt{\textendash}clay layer across the top of the transect, identifiable by abrupt shifts in color from the dark marsh deposits, increased grain size, and two upward-fining sequences, which are interpreted as representing the storm{\textquoteright}s traction and suspension loads. The six layers identified as hurricane-generated display temporal clustering, featuring a marked increase in landfall frequency ~ 800 cal yr BP. This pattern is anti-phase with the activity pattern previously identified from the northern Caribbean and the Atlantic coast of North America, thereby opposing the view that hyperactivity occurs simultaneously across the entire basin.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2012.07.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003358941200083X},
	author = {McCloskey, Terrence Allen and Liu, Kam-biu}
}
@article {120,
	title = {Significance of active growth faulting on marsh accretion processes in the lower Pearl River, Louisiana},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {153{\textendash}154},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2294},
	pages = {127-143},
	abstract = {Neotectonic processes influence marsh accretion in the lower Pearl River valley. Active growth faults are suggested by groupings of ponded river channel sections, transverse and linear river channel sections, and down- and across-valley contrasts in channel sinuosity. Seismic profiles identified several likely, fault-induced structural anomalies, two of which parallel the axes of surface distributary networks. Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of six cores from across a suspected fault in the West Middle River, combined with 14C-based age control, yielded evidence of vertical offsets, indicating that this river section is on the plane of a growth fault. These data were used to estimate fault slip rates over two time intervals, 1.2 mm/y over the last 1300 yr, and 0.2 mm yr- 1 over the last 3700 yr, and delineated a sinusoidal pattern of deformation moving distally from the fault, which we interpret as resulting from fault-propagation folding. Higher rates of sediment accumulation (of the order of cm yr- 1 from 210Pbxs and 137Cs activity data) on the down-thrown side are consistent with sedimentary response to increased accommodation space, and mass-based sediment accumulation rates (g cm- 2 yr- 1) exhibit a pattern inverse of that shown by fault-driven sinusoidal deformation. We contend that near-surface growth faults are critically important to driving accretion rates and marsh response to sea-level rise.},
	issn = {0169-555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.02.018},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X12001006},
	author = {Yeager, Kevin M. and Brunner, Charlotte A. and Kulp, Mark A. and Fischer, Dane and Feagin, Rusty A. and Schindler, Kimberly J. and Prouhet, Jeremiah and Bera, Gopal}
}
@article {555,
	title = {Small-scale lacustrine drifts in Lake Champlain, Vermont},
	journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2179},
	pages = {88-100},
	abstract = {High resolution CHIRP (Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse) seismic profiles reveal the presence of two lacustrine sediment drifts located in Lake Champlain{\textquoteright}s Juniper Deep. Both drifts are positive features composed of highly laminated sediments. Drift B sits on a basement high while Drift A is built on a trough-filling acoustically-transparent sediment unit inferred to be a mass-transport event. These drifts are oriented approximately north{\textendash}south and are parallel to a steep ridge along the eastern shore of the basin. Drift A, located at the bottom of a structural trough, is classified as a confined, elongate drift that transitions northward to become a system of upslope asymmetric mudwaves. Drift B is perched atop a structural high to the west of Drift A and is classified as a detached elongate drift. Bottom current depositional control was investigated using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) located across Drift A. Sediment cores were taken at the crest and at the edges of the Drift A and were dated. Drift source, deposition, and evolution show that these drifts are formed by a water column shear with the highest deposition occurring along its crest and western flank and began developing circa 8700{\textendash}8800 year BP.},
	issn = {0380-1330},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.004},
	author = {Manley, Patricia L. and Manley, T. O. and Hayo, Kathryn and Cronin, Thomas}
}
@article { ISI:000299769200036,
	title = {The Southern Ocean{\textquoteright}s Role in Carbon Exchange During the Last Deglaciation},
	journal = {SCIENCE},
	volume = {335},
	number = {{6068}},
	year = {2012},
	month = {FEB 3},
	pages = {557-561},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Changes in the upwelling and degassing of carbon from the Southern Ocean form one of the leading hypotheses for the cause of glacial-interglacial changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide. We present a 25,000-year-long Southern Ocean radiocarbon record reconstructed from deep-sea corals, which shows radiocarbon-depleted waters during the glacial period and through the early deglaciation. This depletion and associated deep stratification disappeared by similar to 14.6 ka (thousand years ago), consistent with the transfer of carbon from the deep ocean to the surface ocean and atmosphere via a Southern Ocean ventilation event. Given this evidence for carbon exchange in the Southern Ocean, we show that existing deep-ocean radiocarbon records from the glacial period are sufficiently depleted to explain the similar to 190 per mil drop in atmospheric radiocarbon between similar to 17 and 14.5 ka.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1208163},
	author = {Burke, Andrea and Robinson, Laura F.}
}
@article {154,
	title = {Stratigraphic evidence for an early Holocene earthquake in Aceh, Indonesia},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2139},
	pages = {142-151},
	abstract = {The Holocene stratigraphy of the coastal plain of the Aceh Province of Sumatra contains 6 m of sediment with three regionally consistent buried soils above pre-Quaternary bedrock or pre-Holocene unconsolidated sediment. Litho-, bio-, and chronostratigraphic analyses of the lower buried soil reveals a rapid change in relative sea-level caused by coseismic subsidence during an earlyHolocene megathrust earthquake. Evidence for paleoseismic subsidence is preserved as a buried mangrove soil, dominated by a pollen assemblage of Rhizophora and/or Bruguiera/Ceriops taxa. The soil is abruptly overlain by a thin tsunami sand. The sand contains mixed pollen and abraded foraminiferal assemblages of both offshore and onshore environments. The tsunami sand grades upward into mud that contains both well-preserved foraminifera of intertidal origin and individuals of the gastropod Cerithidea cingulata. Radiocarbon ages from the pre- and post-seismic sedimentary sequences constrain the paleoearthquake to 6500{\textendash}7000 cal. yrs. BP. We use micro-and macrofossil data to determine the local paleoenvironment before and after the earthquake. We estimate coseismic subsidence to be 0.45 {\textpm} 0.30 m, which is comparable to the 0.6 m of subsidence observed during the 2004 Aceh{\textendash}Andaman earthquake on Aceh{\textquoteright}s west coast.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.011},
	author = {Grand Pre, C. and Horton, B. P. and Kelsey, H. M. and Rubin, C. M. and Hawkes, A. D. and Daryono, M. and Rosenberg, G. and Culver, S. J.}
}
@article {2548,
	title = {Strengthening of the Northeast Monsoon over the Flores Sea, Indonesia, at the time of Heinrich event 1},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan-07-2012},
	pages = {635 - 638},
	abstract = {Paleoclimate evidence from South America and Asia has been interpreted to indicate that tropical rainfall migrated southward during the Northern Hemisphere cooling associated with Heinrich stadial 1 (HS1), an event of massive iceberg discharge to the North Atlantic ca. 18{\textendash}15 ka. Although arid conditions associated with such a shift are well documented in southern Asia, as far south as Borneo, debate still exists regarding the precipitation response in southern Indonesia and Australia during HS1. This study utilizes concentrations of the long-lived nuclide 232Th as a proxy for detrital riverine input and 230Th normalization to estimate the history of preserved fluxes reaching the seafloor in the Flores Sea, located between southern Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Because the only source of 232Th to the ocean is continental minerals, this proxy is a robust indicator of continental weathering. The 230Th normalized burial fluxes of lithogenic and biogenic matter demonstrate that both detrital and biogenic fluxes in the Flores Sea were higher during HS1 than any other period in the past 22 k.y. High detrital fluxes indicate enhanced precipitation runoff from surrounding landmasses during a period of maximum southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. This study further constrains the northern limit of enhanced rainfall associated with a southward shift of Australian monsoon-related rainfall at the time of HS1 and highlights the value of 232Th as a proxy of continental input to deep-sea sediment records.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G32878.1},
	url = {http://geology.gsapubs.org/cgi/doi/10.1130/G32878.1},
	author = {Muller, J. and McManus, J. F. and Oppo, D. W. and Francois, R.}
}
@article {165,
	title = {The synchronization of palaeoclimatic events in the North Atlantic region during Greenland Stadial 3 (ca 27.5 to 23.3 kyr b2k)},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2145},
	pages = {154-163},
	abstract = {Two high resolution marine sediment cores located 83 km apart in the NE Atlantic have been studied: MD95-2006 (Barra Fan; 57{\textdegree}01.82 N, 10{\textdegree}03.48 W; 2120 m water depth) and MD04-2822 (Rockall Trough; 56{\textdegree}50.54 N, 11{\textdegree}22.96 W; 2344 m water depth). The records are anchored to the NGRIP ice core stratigraphy and GICC05 chronology by the presence of geochemically characterized Fugloyarbanki tephra and further tested by radiocarbon age control. Replicated sea surface temperature (SST) records show evidence for an abrupt and short-lived warming within Greenland Stadial (GS)-3, to which we tentatively assign an age of ca 25.6{\textendash}24.8 kyr GICC05 b2k. Based on these and another marine palaeoclimate record (LINK17) from the Faroe-Shetland Channel, we propose a new three-fold event stratigraphy for GS-3 within the North East Atlantic region. The recognition of this warming event within GS-3 in NE Atlantic SST records demonstrates that such events may not readily be identified within the coldest stadials of the Greenland ice cores, highlights the need for carefully constructed event stratigraphies (independently tested by the use of tephra isochrones and radiocarbon) and illustrates pervasive millennial-scale climate variability of the North Atlantic region (Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events) is deeply embedded in the dynamics of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC).},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.12.014},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379110004452},
	author = {Austin, W. E. N. and Hibbert, F. D. and Rasmussen, S. O. and Peters, C. and Abbott, P. M. and Bryant, C. L.}
}
@article {173,
	title = {Sea level controls sedimentation and environments in coastal caves and sinkholes},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {286},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2058; PT: J; UT: WOS:000295104800003},
	pages = {35-50},
	abstract = {Quaternary climate and sea-level research in coastal karst basins (caves, cenotes, sinkholes, blueholes, etc.) generally focuses on analyzing isotopes in speleothems, or associating cave elevations prior sea-level highstands. The sediments in coastal karst basins represent an overlooked source of climate and sea-level information in the coastal zone, but to accurately interpret these sediments first requires an understanding of the forcing mechanisms that emplace them. In this study, we hypothesize that coastal karst basins transition through vadose, littoral, anchialine, and finally into submarine environments during sea-level rise because groundwater and sea level oscillate in near synchrony in the coastal zone, causing each environment to deposit a unique sedimentary facies. To test this hypothesis, the stratigraphy in twelve sediment cores from a Bermudian underwater cave (Green Bay Cave) was investigated and temporally constrained with twenty radiocarbon dates. The results indicate that we recovered the first succession spanning the entire Holocene from an underwater cave (similar to 13 ka to present). The sediments were characterized with X-radiography, fossil remains, bulk organic matter, organic geochemistry (delta(13)C(org), C:N), and grain size analysis. Four distinct facies represent the four depositional environments: (i) vadose facies (>7.7 ka, calcite rafts lithofacies), (ii) littoral facies (7.7 to 7.3 ka: calcite rafts and mud lithofacies), (iii) anchialine facies (7.3 to 1.6 ka: slackwater and diamict lithofacies), and (iv) submarine facies (},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2011.05.004},
	author = {van Hengstum, Peter J. and Scott, David B. and Groecke, Darren R. and Charette, Matthew A.}
}
@article {185,
	title = {Siliceous productivity changes in Gulf of Ancud sediments (42{\textdegree}S, 72{\textdegree}W), southern Chile, over the last \~{}150 years},
	journal = {Fjord Oceanography of the Chilean Patagonia},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2191},
	pages = {356-365},
	abstract = {We evaluated changes in siliceous export production and the source of organic matter preserved in sediment core MD07-3109H recovered from the Gulf of Ancud, Chilo{\'e} Inner Sea (42{\textdegree}S, 72{\textdegree}W, water column depth: 328 m), southern Chile. We analyzed the abundance of siliceous microfossils (diatoms, silicoflagellates, sponge spicules, Chrysophyte cysts, phytoliths), geochemical proxies (weight percent silicon \%SiOPAL, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N molar), and sediment stable isotopes (δ13Corg, δ15N). Chronology based on 210Pb and 14C provided an accumulated age of 144 years at the base of the core. Sediments of core MD07-3109H are predominantly marine in origin, averaging δ13Corg={\textendash}20.75{\textperthousand}{\textpm}0.82, δ15N=8.7{\textpm}0.35{\textperthousand}, and C/N=8.76{\textpm}0.36. Marine diatoms compose 94\% of the total assemblage of siliceous microfossils. Our record of productivity based on the mass accumulation rates of organic carbon, total nitrogen, SiOPAL, and total diatoms showed high values between 1863 and 1869 AD followed by a declining trend until 1921 AD, a transition period from 1921 to 1959 AD with fluctuating values, and a clear decreasing pattern from 1960 AD to the present. This marked reduction in productivity was associated with decreased precipitation and Puelo River streamflow (41{\textdegree}S), as well as a warmer and more stratified water column, especially since the 1980s.},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2010.06.015},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434310002177},
	author = {Rebolledo, Lorena and Gonz{\'a}lez, Humberto E. and Mu{\~n}oz, Praxedes and Iriarte, Jos{\'e} L. and Lange, Carina B. and Pantoja, Silvio and Salamanca, Marco}
}
@article {193,
	title = {Solar modulation of North Atlantic central Water formation at multidecadal timescales during the late Holocene},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {308},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2175},
	pages = {161-171},
	abstract = {Understanding natural climate variability in the North Atlantic region is essential not only to assess the sensitivity of atmosphere{\textendash}ocean climate signal exchange and propagation, but also to help distinguish between natural and anthropogenic climate change. The North Atlantic Oscillation is one of the controlling modes in recent variability of atmosphere{\textendash}ocean linkages and ice/freshwater fluxes between the Polar and North Atlantic Ocean. Through these processes the NAO influences water mass formation and the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation and thereby variability in ocean heat transport. However, the impact of the NAO as well as other forcing mechanisms on multidecadal timescales such as total solar irradiance on Eastern North Atlantic Central Water production, central water circulation, and climate signal propagation from high to low latitudes in the eastern subpolar and subtropical basins remains uncertain. Here we use a 1200 yr long benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca based temperature and oxygen isotope record from a ~ 900 m deep sediment core off northwest Africa to show that atmosphere{\textendash}ocean interactions in the eastern subpolar gyre are transferred at central water depth into the eastern boundary of the subtropical gyre. Further we link the variability of the NAO (over the past 165 yrs) and solar irradiance (Late Holocene) and their control on subpolar mode water formation to the multidecadal variability observed at mid-depth in the eastern subtropical gyre. Our results show that eastern North Atlantic central waters cooled by up to ~ 0.8 {\textpm} 0.7 {\textdegree}C and densities decreased by σθ = 0.3 {\textpm} 0.2 during positive NAO years and during minima in solar irradiance during the Late Holocene. The presented records demonstrate the sensitivity of central water formation to enhanced atmospheric forcing and ice/freshwater fluxes into the eastern subpolar gyre and the importance of central water circulation for cross-gyre climate signal propagation during the Late Holocene.},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2011.05.043},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X11003268},
	author = {Morley, Audrey and Schulz, Michael and Rosenthal, Yair and Mulitza, Stefan and Paul, Andr{\'e} and R{\"u}hlemann, Carsten}
}
@article {228,
	title = {Sources of n-alkanes in an urbanized estuary: Insights from molecular distributions and compound-specific stable and radiocarbon isotopes},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2169},
	pages = {239-249},
	abstract = {Diagnostic molecular ratios and compound-specific 13C and 14C analyses were used to identify n-alkane sources in surface sediments collected along a transect from an urbanized estuary draining a peat-rich catchment (Tyne, UK). The most abundant homologues were generally C29 or C31, and the carbon preference index (CPI; 1.8 to 6.4) and average chain length (ACL; 28.5 to 29.5) of C25{\textendash}C33 n-alkanes became progressively lower in samples closer to the mouth of estuary. δ13C signatures of C19{\textendash}C31 n-alkanes ranged from - 37.1 to - 29.3{\textperthousand} and in general became more depleted with increasing carbon number. Δ14C values for C21 (- 945 to - 738{\textperthousand}) were significantly more depleted compared to C29 (- 591 to - 65{\textperthousand}) and C31 (- 382 to - 96{\textperthousand}), pointing to a much higher component of fossil (i.e., 14C-free) carbon in the shorter homologue. The radiocarbon contents for these three n-alkanes decreased toward the North Sea, which in conjunction with an up to 4{\textperthousand} seaward 13C-enrichment in C29 and C31 and seaward decreases in CPI and ACL pointed to petrogenic hydrocarbon contamination in lower estuarine sediments. Independent 13C and 14C mass balances used to calculate the relative proportions of modern (i.e., plant wax) and fossil (i.e., petrogenic) n-alkanes yielded similar results and demonstrated that mixing with marine-derived organic matter (OM) or microbial degradation during estuarine transport led to a seaward decline in modern, longer-chain homologues, resulting in an increasingly larger fossil carbon contribution toward the mouth of estuary. The ability to clearly distinguish anthropogenic from natural inputs suggests that compound-specific radiocarbon analysis can successfully delineate the age of terrigenous OM delivered to the coastal zone even near historically polluted systems such as the Tyne.},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2011.06.002},
	author = {Ahad, Jason M. E. and Ganeshram, Raja S. and Bryant, Charlotte L. and Cisneros-Dozal, Luz M. and Ascough, Philippa L. and Fallick, Anthony E. and Slater, Greg F.}
}
@article {184,
	title = {Stable isotope analysis of dog, fox, and human diets at a Late Holocene Chumash village (CA-SRI-2) on Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2180},
	pages = {1385-1393},
	abstract = {Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of dog (Canis familiaris), island fox (Urocyon littoralis), and human bone collagen from CA-SRI-2 (AD 130{\textendash}1830) on Santa Rosa Island, California provide a proxy of diet and the relationships between humans and these animals. Carbon isotopic signatures indicate that Native Americans and their dogs at CA-SRI-2 subsisted almost exclusively on marine resources, while the island fox ate primarily terrestrial foods. Nitrogen isotopes and archaeofaunal remains indicate that humans and dogs also ate higher trophic level foods, including finfishes, marine mammals, and seabirds with smaller amounts of shellfish. The CA-SRI-2 island foxes appear to have eaten higher amounts of terrestrial foods, similar to the diets observed in modern fox populations. These data generally confirm the commensal relationship assumed to exist between domesticated dogs and people, but the carbon isotopic composition of dogs is enriched \~{}2{\textperthousand} compared to humans. We hypothesize that the difference in carbon isotopes between dogs and humans may have resulted from a higher consumption of C3 plants with lower δ13C values by humans, or less likely from the ingestion by dogs of significant amounts of bone collagen, which is enriched by \~{}4{\textperthousand} over associated muscle.},
	issn = {0305-4403},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2011.02.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440311000471},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Culleton, Brendan J. and Smith, Carley B. and Johnson, John R. and Kennett, Douglas J.}
}
@article { ISI:000297458300001,
	title = {Stratigraphic record of Holocene coseismic subsidence, Padang, West Sumatra},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	month = {NOV 23},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Stratigraphic evidence is found for two coseismic subsidence events that underlie a floodplain 20 km south of Padang, West Sumatra along the Mentawai segment (0.5 S- 0.3 S) of the Sunda subduction zone. Each earthquake is marked by a sharp soil-mud contact that represents a sudden change from mangrove to tidal flat. The earthquakes occurred about 4000 and 3000 cal years B.P. based on radiocarbon ages of detrital plant fragments and seeds. The absence of younger paleoseismic evidence suggests that late Holocene relative sea level fall left the floodplain too high for an earthquake to lower it into the intertidal zone. Our results point to a brief, few thousand year window of preservation of subsidence events in tidal-wetland stratigraphic sequences, a result that is generally applicable to other emergent coastlines of West Sumatra.},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2011JB008205},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Rubin, Charles M. and Kelsey, Harvey M. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Hawkes, Andrea and Vane, Christopher H. and Daryono, Mudrik and Pre, Candace Grand and Ladinsky, Tyler and Bradley, Sarah}
}
@article {376,
	title = {Search for a glacial-age (14)C-depleted ocean reservoir},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1923; PT: J; UT: WOS:000280043800003},
	pages = {L13606-L13606},
	abstract = {Measurements of the radiocarbon age difference between mixed benthic foraminifera and several coexisting planktic entities were made in hopes of finding evidence for the existence of an isolated glacial-age abyssal ocean reservoir whose demise would explain the large drops in the (14)C to C ratio in atmosphere and surface ocean carbon which occurred during the period of deglaciation. Forty-six new radiocarbon results were obtained at seven depths covering the full range of glacial time (i.e., similar to 27 to 15 (14)C kyrs) from an equatorial Pacific sediment core at 4.4-km water depth. Even though age reversals for foraminifera (but not for coccoliths) at two of the eight depths and large age differences between G. sacculifer and three submixed-layer planktic species mar this data set, there remains little likelihood that such a reservoir existed. Citation: Broecker, W., and E. Clark (2010), Search for a glacial-age (14)C-depleted ocean reservoir, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13606, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043969.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2010GL043969},
	author = {Broecker, Wally and Clark, Elizabeth}
}
@article {236,
	title = {Selective preservation of old organic carbon fluvially released from sub-Arctic soils},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 886; 610KU Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:30Y},
	abstract = {Amplified climate warming in the Arctic may cause thaw-remobilization of its large soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. Here we assess the remobilization and preservation of old SOC by the watershed-integrated radiocarbon signature of molecular SOC markers released from northernmost Scandinavia. The radiocarbon analyses revealed a remarkable fractionation for identical vascular plant markers (similar to 420 parts per thousand or similar to 6000 (14)C years) upon settling from surface water to the underlying sediments. From this, we infer fluvial export of two SOC pools; a young surface peat component, and an old deep mineral soil component. The young pool exists as an easily degradable humic suspension, while the old pool is matrix protected from degradation and ballasted for preferential settling. The two soil types with highest OC in Arctic permafrost evidently exhibit different susceptibilities to degradation. Hence, a significant part of the thaw-released OC may simply be fluvially relocated to sediments instead of being emitted to the atmosphere. Citation: Vonk, J.E., B.E. van Dongen, and. Gustafsson (2010), Selective preservation of old organic carbon fluvially released from sub-Arctic soils, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L11605, doi:10.1029/2010GL042909.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2010gl042909},
	author = {Vonk, J. E. and van Dongen, B. E. and Gustafsson, O.}
}
@mastersthesis {1299,
	title = {Shifting Perceptions of Sacred Spaces: Ceremonial Reuse of Maya Architecture and Monuments at San Bartolo, Guatemala},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010},
	school = {University of Kansas},
	address = {Lawrence},
	author = {Craig, Jessica}
}
@article {614,
	title = {Sources of CO2 evasion from two subtropical rivers in North America},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {100},
	year = {2010},
	note = {646uoTimes Cited:17Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {211-225},
	abstract = {We directly measured the partial pressure of dissolved CO2 (pCO(2)) in two humid subtropical rivers in coastal Texas, one highly urbanized (Buffalo Bayou) and one relatively undeveloped (Spring Creek), and analyzed carbon isotopic signatures (Delta C-14 and delta C-13) of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to determine carbon sources sustaining river respiration. Both rivers were highly supersaturated with CO2 at all study sites and on all dates sampled from June 2007 to February 2009. Mean riverine pCO(2) values are 3,052 +/- A 1,364 and 4,702 +/- A 1,980 mu atm for Buffalo Bayou and Spring Creek, respectively. Calculated CO2 emission fluxes per ha of water surface area from these rivers are intermediate between those in tropical and temperate rivers, indicating that globally, humid subtropical rivers may be a significant source of atmospheric CO2. Carbon isotopic signatures revealed that CO2 supersaturation is supported by different carbon sources for the two rivers. In the relatively undeveloped river (Spring Creek), young terrestrial organic matter (OM) is the predominant C source fueling river heterotrophic respiration. In the highly urbanized river (Buffalo Bayou), the high concentration of riverine CO2 is additionally supported by dissolution of CaCO3 likely from pedogenic carbonate, and crushed limestone/dolomite and oyster shells imbedded in old roads in the watershed. Because urban sources of acidity can include HNO3 and H2SO4, whether the limestone/dolomite and shells used by humans act as a net sink or source of atmospheric CO2 needs further study.},
	issn = {0168-2563},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-010-9417-6},
	author = {Zeng, F. W. and Masiello, C. A.}
}
@mastersthesis {1342,
	title = {A Source-to-Sink Study of the Mekong River Delta: Hydrology, Delta Evolution, and Sediment Transport Modeling},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010},
	school = {North Carolina State University},
	author = {Xue, Z.}
}
@conference {1793,
	title = {The southern Svalbard Margin sedimentary system: preliminary results from EGLACOM cruise 2008},
	booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2010},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 873},
	month = {2010},
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	author = {Melis, R. and Lucchi, R. G. and Giorgetti, G. and Persico, D. and B{\'A}Rcena, M. A. A. and Caburlotto, A. and Macr{\`I}, P. and Villa, G. and Sagnotti, L. and Rebesco, M.}
}
@article { ISI:000275306200022,
	title = {Sr-Nd-Os evidence for a stable erosion regime in the Himalaya during the past 12 Myr},
	journal = {EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS},
	volume = {290},
	number = {{3-4}},
	year = {2010},
	month = {FEB 20},
	pages = {474-480},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Modern erosion of the Himalaya, the world{\textquoteright}s largest mountain range, transfers huge dissolved and particulate loads to the ocean. It plays an important role in the long-term global carbon cycle, mostly through enhanced organic carbon burial in the Bengal Fan. To understand the role of past Himalayan erosion, the influence of changing climate and tectonic on erosion must be determined. Here we use a 12 Myr sedimentary record from the distal Bengal Fan (Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 218) to reconstruct the Mio-Pliocene history of Himalayan erosion. We use carbon stable isotopes (delta(13)C) of bulk organic matter as paleo-environmental proxy and stratigraphic tool. Multi-isotopic - Sr, Nd and Os - data are used as proxies for the source of the sediments deposited in the Bengal Fan over time. delta(13)C values of bulk organic matter shift dramatically towards less depleted values, revealing the widespread Late Miocene (ca. 7.4 Ma) expansion of C4 plants in the basin. Sr, Nd and Os isotopic compositions indicate a rather stable erosion pattern in the Himalaya range during the past 12 Myr. This supports the existence of a strong connection between the southern Tibetan plateau and the Bengal Fan. The tectonic evolution of the Himalaya range and Southern Tibet seems to have been unable to produce large re-organisation of the drainage system. Moreover, our data do not suggest a rapid change of the altitude of the southern Tibetan plateau during the past 12 Myr. Variations in Sr and Nd isotopic compositions around the late Miocene expansion of C4 plants are suggestive of a relative increase in the erosion of High Himalaya Crystalline rock (i.e. a simultaneous reduction of both Transhimalayan batholiths and Lesser Himalaya relative contributions). This could be related to an increase in aridity as Suggested by the ecological and sedimentological changes at that time. A reversed trend in Sr and Nd isotopic compositions is observed at the Plio-Pleistocene transition that is likely related to higher precipitation and the development of glaciers in the Himalaya. These almost synchronous moderate changes in erosion pattern and climate changes during the late Miocene and at the Plio-Pleistocene transition support the notion of a dominant control of climate on Himalayan erosion during this time period. However, stable erosion regime during the Pleistocene is suggestive of a limited influence of the glacier development on Himalayan erosion. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Bengal Fan, climate, erosion, Himalaya, Miocene, radiogenic isotopes},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.004},
	author = {Galy, Valier and France-Lanord, Christian and Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard and Huyghe, Pascale}
}
@article {527,
	title = {Stable isotopes reveal Holocene changes in the diet of Ad,lie penguins in Northern Victoria Land (Ross Sea, Antarctica)},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {164},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2350; PT: J; TC: 6; UT: WOS:000284271900007},
	pages = {911-919},
	abstract = {Ad,lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) modern and fossil eggshells and guano samples collected from ornithogenic soils in Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Ross Sea) were processed for carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios with the aim of detecting past penguin dietary changes. A detailed and greatly expanded Ad,lie penguin dietary record dated back to 7,200 years BP has been reconstructed for the investigated area. Our data indicate a significant dietary shift between fish and krill, with a gradual decrease from past to present time in the proportion of fish compared to krill in Ad,lie penguin diet. From 7,200 to 2,000 years BP, delta(13)C and delta(15)N values indicate fish as the most eaten prey. The dietary contribution of lower-trophic prey in penguin diet started becoming evident not earlier than 2,000 years BP, when the delta(13)C values reveal a change in the penguin feeding behavior. Modern eggshell and guano samples reveal a major dietary contribution of krill but not a krill-dominated diet, since delta(13)C values remain much too high if krill prevail in the diet. According to the Holocene environmental background attested for Victoria Land, Ad,lie penguin dietary shifts between fish and krill seem to reflect penguin paleoecological responses to different paleoenvironmental settings with different conditions of sea-ice extension and persistence. Furthermore, Ad,lie penguin diet appears to be particularly affected by environmental changes in a very specific period within the breeding season, namely the egg-laying period when penguin dietary and feeding habit shifts are clearly documented by the delta(13)C of eggshell carbonate.},
	issn = {0029-8549},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-010-1790-2},
	author = {Lorenzini, Sandra and Baroni, Carlo and Fallick, Anthony E. and Baneschi, Ilaria and Salvatore, Maria Cristina and Zanchetta, Giovanni and Dallai, Luigi}
}
@article {233,
	title = {Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope (delta(15)N and delta(13)C) variability in shallow tropical Pacific soft coral and black coral taxa and implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1963; PT: J; UT: WOS:000281094900009},
	pages = {5280-5288},
	abstract = {Soft corals and black corals are useful proxy tools for paleoceanographic reconstructions. However, most work has focused on deep-water taxa and few studies have used these corals as proxy organisms in shallow water (},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.06.026},
	author = {Williams, Branwen and Grottoli, Andrea G.}
}
@inbook {1449,
	title = {Submarine Mass Transport Within Monterey Canyon: Benthic Disturbance Controls on the Distribution of Chemosynthetic Biological Communities},
	booktitle = {Submarine mass movements and their consequences, 4th International Symposium:},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 879},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {229-246},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {Documenting mass transport within Monterey Canyon and Fan has been a focus of remotely operated vehicle (ROV) observations, sampling, monitoring, and multibeam mapping studies. These efforts indicate that major mass transport events occur within upper Monterey Canyon (2 km water depths) and onto Monterey Fan for ~100 years. Simultaneous efforts to document the distribution of benthic taxa observed in the video records from 668 ROV dives conducted by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) provide a uniquely detailed record of the occurrence of chemosynthetic biological communities (CBC). The combined results of these studies provide an understanding of the relationship between disturbance caused by episodic mass wasting events and the distribution of CBC. CBC are common within the canyon{\textquoteright}s axis below ~2.5 km water depth, but have not been found within the canyon{\textquoteright}s axis at depths shallower than 2 km. Moreover, CBC occur on the canyon walls at essentially any depth, primarily within young (~hundreds of years old) slump scars. The distribution of CBC provides evidence about the disturbance history of the seafloor. Major mass transport events will destroy communities that lie in their path. Erosion associated with major mass transport events can create environments to support CBC by exposing methane-bearing strata. This can happen as a result of slumping events on the sidewalls of the canyon or where major gravity flow events have excavated the base of canyon walls. Once fresh strata are exposed, geochemical conditions to support CBC will persist for a few centuries. Because CBC are composed of slow-growing and long-lived organisms, it will take decades for these communities to be established. Their existence indicates that environmental stability has occurred over a similar time scale.},
	author = {Paull, C. K. and Schlining, B. and Ussler, W. and Lundste, E. and Barry, J. P. and Caress, D. W. and Johnson, J. E. and McGann, M.},
	editor = {Mosher, D. C.}
}
@article {2550,
	title = {Synchronous Deglacial Overturning and Water Mass Source Changes},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {327},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jan-01-2010},
	pages = {75 - 78},
	abstract = {Understanding changes in ocean circulation during the last deglaciation is crucial to unraveling the dynamics of glacial-interglacial and millennial climate shifts. We used neodymium isotope measurements on postdepositional iron-manganese oxide coatings precipitated on planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct changes in the bottom water source of the deep western North Atlantic at the Bermuda Rise. Comparison of our deep water source record with overturning strength proxies shows that both the deep water mass source and the overturning rate shifted rapidly and synchronously during the last deglacial transition. In contrast, any freshwater perturbation caused by Heinrich event 1 could have only affected shallow overturning. These findings show how changes in upper-ocean overturning associated with millennial-scale events differ from those associated with whole-ocean deglacial climate events.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1178068},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1178068},
	author = {Roberts, N. L. and Piotrowski, A. M. and McManus, J. F. and Keigwin, L. D.}
}
@article {329,
	title = {Sediment accumulation on the Southern California Bight continental margin during the twentieth century},
	journal = {Special Paper - Geological Society of America},
	volume = {454},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 855; Editor: Lee, Homa J; Normark, William R References: 52; illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps Latitude:N332000,N340000 Longitude:W1183000,W1193000Y},
	pages = {69-87},
	abstract = {Sediment discharged into the portion of the Southern California Bight extending from Santa Barbara to Dana Point enters a complex system of semi-isolated coastal cells, narrow continental shelves, submarine canyons, and offshore basins. On both the Santa Monica and San Pedro margins, (super 210) Pb accumulation rates decrease in an offshore direction (from approximately 0.5 g cm (super -2) yr (super -1) to 0.02 g cm (super -2) yr (super -1) ), in concert with a fining in sediment grain size (from 4.50phi to 8.50phi ), suggesting that offshore transport of wave-resuspended material occurs as relatively dilute nepheloid layers and that hemipalegic sedimentation dominates the supply of sediment to the outer shelf, slope, and basins. Together, these areas are effectively sequestering up to 100\% of the annual fluvial input. In contrast to the Santa Monica margin, which does not display evidence of mass wasting as an important process of sediment delivery and redistribution, the San Pedro margin does provide numerous examples of failures and mass wasting, suggesting that intraslope sediment redistribution may play a more important role there. Basin deposits in both areas exhibit evidence of turbidites tentatively associated with both major floods and earthquakes, sourced from either the Redondo Canyon (San Pedro Basin) or Dume Canyon (Santa Monica Basin). On the Palos Verdes shelf, sediment-accumulation rates decrease along and across the shelf away from the White{\textquoteright}s Point outfall, which has been a major source of contaminants to the shelf deposits. Accumulation rates prior to the construction of the outfall were approximately 0.2 g cm (super -2) yr (super -1) and increased 1.5-3.7 times during peak discharges from the outfall in 1971. The distal rate of accumulation has decreased by approximately 50\%, from 0.63 g cm (super -2) yr (super -1) during the period 1971-1992 to 0.29 g cm (super -2) yr (super -1) during the period 1992-2003. The proximal rate of accumulation, however, has only decreased approximately 10\%, from 0.83 g cm (super -2) yr (super -1) during the period 1971-1992 to 0.73 g cm (super -2) yr (super -1) during the period 1992-2003. Effluent-affected sediment layers on the Palos Verdes shelf can be identified in seabed profiles of naturally occurring (super 238) U, which is sequestered in reducing sediments. The Santa Clara River shelf, just north and west of the Santa Monica and San Pedro margins, is fine-grained and flood-dominated. Core profiles of excess (super 210) Pb from sites covering the extent of documented major flood deposition exhibit evidence of rapidly deposited sediment up to 25 cm thick. These beds are developing in an active depocenter in water depths of 30-50 m at an average rate of 0.72 g cm (super -2) yr (super -1) . Budget calculations for annual and 50-yr timescale sediment storage on this shelf shows that 20\%-30\% of the sediment discharge is retained on the shelf, leaving 70\%-80\% to be redistributed to the outer shelf, slope, Santa Barbara Basin, and Santa Monica Basin.},
	issn = {0072-1077},
	doi = {10.1130/2009.2454(2.4)},
	author = {Alexander, Clark R. and Lee, Homa J.}
}
@article {520,
	title = {Sedimentation rates and provenance analysis in the Southwestern Okinawa Trough since the mid-Holocene},
	journal = {Chinese Science Bulletin},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1930; PT: J; UT: WOS:000264842600017},
	pages = {1234-1242},
	abstract = {As a high-sedimentation rate depocenter along the path of the Kuroshio Current, the southwesternmost part of the Okinawa Trough is a key area to understand the Kuroshio history and sediments transportation. A 34.17-m-long sediment core was obtained by the advanced piston corer of Marco Polo/IMAGES XII MARION DUFRESNE during the May 2005 from the Southern Okinawa Trough at site MD05-2908. The recovered sediments were analyzed by AMS (14)C dating, coarse size fraction (> 63 mu m) extraction and moisture content determination in order to study its sedimentation flux and provenance. The depth-age relationship of core MD05-2908 was well constrained by 17 (14)C dating points. The sediments span across the mid-Holocene (6.8 ka B.P.) and have remarkablely high sedimentation rates between 1.8 and 21-2 m/ka, which is well consistent with the modern observations from sediment traps. We identified five 70-200 a periods of abnormally rapid sedimentation events at 6790-6600 a B.P., 5690-5600 a B.P., 4820-4720 a B.P., 1090-880 a B.P., and 260-190 a B.P., during which the highest sedimentation rate is up to 21-2 m/ka. In general, the lithology of the sediments were dominated by silt and clay, associated with less than 5\% coarse size fraction (a parts per thousand},
	issn = {1001-6538},
	doi = {10.1007/s11434-009-0010-0},
	author = {Li, ChuanShun and Jiang, Bo and Li, Anchun and Li, Tiegang and Jiang, FuQing}
}
@article {363,
	title = {Sinking deltas due to human activities},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 799; 501BW Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:38; YY},
	pages = {681-686},
	abstract = {Many of the world{\textquoteright}s largest deltas are densely populated and heavily farmed. Yet many of their inhabitants are becoming increasingly vulnerable to flooding and conversions of their land to open ocean. The vulnerability is a result of sediment compaction from the removal of oil, gas and water from the delta{\textquoteright}s underlying sediments, the trapping of sediment in reservoirs upstream and floodplain engineering in combination with rising global sea level. Here we present an assessment of 33 deltas chosen to represent the world{\textquoteright}s deltas. We find that in the past decade, 85\% of the deltas experienced severe flooding, resulting in the temporary submergence of 260,000 km(2). We conservatively estimate that the delta surface area vulnerable to flooding could increase by 50\% under the current projected values for sea-level rise in the twenty-first century. This figure could increase if the capture of sediment upstream persists and continues to prevent the growth and buffering of the deltas.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/Ngeo629},
	author = {Syvitski, J. P. M. and Kettner, A. J. and Overeem, I. and Hutton, E. W. H. and Hannon, M. T. and Brakenridge, G. R. and Day, J. and Vorosmarty, C. and Saito, Y. and Giosan, L. and Nicholls, R. J.}
}
@article {1841,
	title = {Source apportionment of elevated wintertime PAHs by compound-specific radiocarbon analysis},
	journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2009},
	note = {452qjTimes Cited:22
Cited References Count:52
},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {3347-3356},
	abstract = {Natural abundance radiocarbon analysis facilitates distinct source apportionment between contemporary biomass/biofuel ((14)C "alive") versus fossil fuel ((14)C "dead") combustion. Here, the first compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was demonstrated for a set of samples collected in Lycksele, Sweden a small town with frequent episodes of severe atmospheric pollution in the winter. Renewed interest in using residential wood combustion (RWC) means that this type of seasonal pollution is of increasing concern in many areas. Five individual/paired PAH isolates from three pooled fortnight-long filter collections were analyzed by CSRA: phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b+k] fluoranthene and indeno[cd]pyrene plus benzo[ghi]perylene; phenanthrene was the only compound also analyzed in the gas phase. The measured Delta(14)C for PAHs spanned from -138.3\% to 58.0\%. A simple isotopic mass balance model was applied to estimate the fraction biomass (fbiomass) contribution, which was constrained to 71-87\% for the individual PAHs. Indeno[cd]pyrene plus benzo[ghi]perylene had an fbiomass of 71\%, while fluoranthene and phenanthrene (gas phase) had the highest biomass contribution at 87\%. The total organic carbon (TOC, defined as carbon remaining after removal of inorganic carbon) fbiomass was estimated to be 77\%, which falls within the range for PAHs. This CSRA data of atmospheric PAHs established that RWC is the dominating source of atmospheric PAHs to this region of the boreal zone with some variations among RWC contributions to specific PAHs.},
	keywords = {air-pollution sources, atmospheric aerosols, BLACK CARBON, emissions, northern sweden, organic-compounds, particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons, positive matrix factorization, residential wood combustion},
	isbn = {1680-7316},
	author = {Sheesley, R. J. and Krusa, M. and Krecl, P. and Johansson, C. and Gustafsson, O.}
}
@article {316,
	title = {Southern Ocean evidence for reduced export of North Atlantic Deep Water during Heinrich event 1},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 817; 414CT Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:40; YY},
	pages = {195-198},
	abstract = {Deep-sea corals form unique, high-resolution archives of ocean circulation that can be dated using the decay of uranium to thorium. They are abundant in the Southern Ocean, and can provide unprecedented insights into ocean circulation and ocean chemistry on sub-millennial time scales in areas where application of traditional paleoceanographic proxies is difficult. Here we present the first coupled neodymium (Nd) isotope and radiocarbon data from deep-sea corals in the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean) adding new constraints on ocean circulation during the last Heinrich event (H1; 16.7 ka). The modern-day Drake Passage water column is homogeneous with respect to Nd isotopes (expressed in epsilon units, e Nd). Its isotopic value of close to -9 is largely controlled by the mixture of North Atlantic Deep Water and Pacific Deep Water. The aragonite of modern Drake Passage corals reflects this water-column value, whereas a fossil coral from H1 is significantly higher at -6.4 +/- 0.4. We interpret this similar to 2.5 epsilon unit shift as a reduction in the influence of North Atlantic-sourced Nd in the Southern Ocean during H1. This interpretation is supported by a series of radiocarbon analyses on the same sample, and is consistent with a twofold or greater reduction in export of North Atlantic waters from the Atlantic Basin. Combining analyses of radiocarbon and Nd isotopes on U-series dated deep-sea coral skeletons holds great potential for quantification of past ocean ventilation rates.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G25363a1},
	author = {Robinson, L. F. and van de Flierdt, T.}
}
@article {364,
	title = {Southward movement of the Pacific intertropical convergence zone AD 1400-1850},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 847; 497LS Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:45Y},
	pages = {519-525},
	abstract = {Tropical rainfall patterns control the subsistence lifestyle of more than one billion people. Seasonal changes in these rainfall patterns are associated with changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone, which is characterized by deep convection causing heavy rainfall near 10 degrees N in boreal summer and 3 degrees N in boreal winter. Dynamic controls on the position of the intertropical convergence zone are debated, but palaeoclimatic evidence from continental Asia, Africa and the Americas suggests that it has shifted substantially during the past millennium, reaching its southernmost position some time during the Little Ice Age (AD 1400-1850). However, without records from the meteorological core of the intertropical convergence zone in the Pacific Ocean, quantitative constraints on its position are lacking. Here we report microbiological, molecular and hydrogen isotopic evidence from lake sediments in the Northern Line Islands, Galapagos and Palau indicating that the Pacific intertropical convergence zone was south of its modern position for most of the past millennium, by as much as 500 km during the Little Ice Age. A colder Northern Hemisphere at that time, possibly resulting from lower solar irradiance, may have driven the intertropical convergence zone south. We conclude that small changes in Earth{\textquoteright}s radiation budget may profoundly affect tropical rainfall.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/Ngeo554},
	author = {Sachs, J. P. and Sachse, D. and Smittenberg, R. H. and Zhang, Z. H. and Battisti, D. S. and Golubic, S.}
}
@article {277,
	title = {Spatial variability of late Holocene and 20th century sea-level rise along the Atlantic coast of the United States},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1872Y},
	pages = {1115-1118},
	issn = {0091-7613 1943-2682},
	doi = {10.1130/G30360A.1},
	author = {Engelhart, Simon E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Douglas, Bruce C. and Peltier, W. Richard and T{\"o}rnqvist, Torbj{\"o}rn E.}
}
@article {1848,
	title = {Submarine canyon and fan systems of the California Continental Borderland},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Special Papers},
	volume = {454},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 878; 10.1130/2009.2454(2.7)},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {141-168},
	abstract = {Late Quaternary turbidite and related gravity-flow deposits have accumulated in basins of the California Borderland under a variety of conditions of sediment supply and sea-level stand. The northern basins (Santa Barbara, Santa Monica, and San Pedro) are closed and thus trap virtually all sediment supplied through submarine canyons and smaller gulley systems along the basin margins. The southern basins (Gulf of Santa Catalina and San Diego Trough) are open, and, under some conditions, turbidity currents flow from one basin to another. Seismic-reflection profiles at a variety of resolutions are used to determine the distribution of late Quaternary turbidites. Patterns of turbidite-dominated deposition during lowstand conditions of oxygen isotope stages 2 and 6 are similar within each of the basins. Chronology is provided by radiocarbon dating of sediment from two Ocean Drilling Program sites, the Mohole test-drill site, and large numbers of piston cores. High-resolution, seismic-stratigraphic frameworks developed for Santa Monica Basin and the open southern basins show rapid lateral shifts in sediment accumulation on scales that range from individual lobe elements to entire fan complexes. More than half of the submarine fans in the Borderland remain active at any given position of relative sea level. Where the continental shelf is narrow, canyons are able to cut headward during sea-level transgression and maintain sediment supply to the basins from rivers and longshore currents during highstands. Rivers with high bedload discharge transfer sediment to submarine fans during both highstand and lowstand conditions.},
	author = {Normark, William R. and Piper, David J. W. and Romans, Brian W. and Covault, Jacob A. and Dartnell, Peter and Sliter, Ray W.}
}
@article {450,
	title = {Surculichnus bifurcauda n. igen., n. isp., a trace fossil from Late Pleistocene glaciolacustrine varves of the Connecticut River Valley, USA, attributed to notostracan crustaceans based on neoichnological experimentation},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {272},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2036; PT: J; UT: WOS:000264010000008},
	pages = {232-239},
	abstract = {New trace fossils found in the Late Pleistocene glaciolacustrine varves of the Connecticut River Valley, Vermont, USA represent the first known notostracan presence in glacial Lake Hitchcock. These unique trace fossils warrant a new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Surculichnus bifurcauda. The New England Varve Chronology (NEVC) constrains the initial presence of S. bifurcauda at similar to 13.3-13.2 kyr. The morphology of S. bifurcauda correlates well with notostracan characteristics and behavior. Sieving of bedding planes that contained S. bifurcauda produced one chitinous fossil that is suggestive of a notostracan telson. Neoichnological experimentation was conducted with the species Triops longicaudatus. During the subadult stage, T longicaudatus produced traces representative of locomotion and feeding behaviors, and at the adult stage reproduced S. bifurcauda, as well as Rusophycus. Possible explanations for the productions of these traces are egg laying or predation behaviors that are both related to maturity. Further research in the paleo- and modern ecology of glacial and nearctic lakes may shed more light on the maker of S. bifurcauda. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.10.013},
	author = {Knecht, Richard J. and Benner, Jacob S. and Rogers, Christopher and Ridge, John C.}
}
@article {2513,
	title = {The sedimentary record of glacial retreat, Marinelli Fjord, Patagonia: Regional correlations and climate ties},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan-12-2008},
	pages = {165 - 178},
	abstract = {The Inland Passage of Chile comprises the most continuous latitudinal transect of ice fields, ice caps, and alpine glaciers in the Southern Hemisphere, providing an excellent natural laboratory for the study of glacial response to climate change during the Holocene. Here we report results from a marine geological investigation of Marinelli Fjord, Tierra del Fuego (54{\textdegree}25 S, 69{\textdegree}35 W) and Ainsworth Fjord, which merges with Marinelli Fjord. Data acquired during July 2005 onboard the RV/IB Nathaniel B. Palmer include high-resolution seismic data, multibeam swath bathymetry data and sediment cores. Post-cruise analyses include detailed seismic facies and lithofacies analysis and radiocarbon dating. The results indicate that a major transition in the glacimarine record from ice-proximal facies to ice-distal facies occurred in the outer basins of the fjord at 15.5 kyr to 12.5 kyr. The ice-proximal facies consists of pebbly mud with abundant laminations and is characterized by high average sedimentation rates (28 mm/yr). In contrast, an ice-distal facies is dominantly bioturbated mud with low average sedimentation rates (0.56 mm/yr). This transition marks the retreat of Marinelli Glacier from the outer basins with no evidence for glacial re-advance. Subsequently, during the mid to late-Holocene, Ainsworth Glacier retreated and exposed Ainsworth Fjord. Our results are consistent with the climatic trends for southern South America where the final deglaciation of the region ended at ~ 12.5 ka. During the Holocene, stable ice conditions persisted until the mid-1960s when Marinelli Glacier began rapidly retreating to its modern day position. 

},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.001},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322708002636http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322708002636?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322708002636?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Boyd, B.L. and Anderson, J.B. and Wellner, J.S. and {\'a}ndez, R.A.}
}
@article {1873,
	title = {Sex and Symbolism: A Middle Holocene Phallic Artifact from Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2066},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {47-52},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Wolff, Christopher B.}
}
@article {995,
	title = {Shell and Bone Artifacts from Two Middle Holocene Red Abalone Middens on San Miguel Island},
	journal = {Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2067},
	pages = {53-66},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M.}
}
@article {460,
	title = {Software development for continuous-gas-flow AMS},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {266},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2091; PT: J; CT: 9th European Conference on Accelerators in Applied Research and Technology; CY: SEP 03-07, 2007; CL: Florence, ITALY; SP: Univ Florence, Dept Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl; UT: WOS:000257185600033},
	pages = {2233-2237},
	abstract = {The National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic institution is presently completing installation of a novel continuous-flow AMS system. A multi-year development of an AMS microwave gas ion source in collaboration with Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL), Chalk River, has preceded this final step of an implementation that is expected to add a new dimension to (14)C AMS. National Instruments, NIM, and CAMAC modules have been programmed with Lab-VIEW on a Windows XP platform to form the basis for data acquisition. In this paper we discuss possible applications and include simulations of expected data acquisition scenarios like real-time AMS analysis of chromatograms. Particular attention will have to be given to issues of synchronization between rapidly changing input amplitudes and signal processing cycles in hardware and software. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.001},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Roberts, M. L. and W. J. Jenkins and Rosenheim, B. E. and McNichol, A. P. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@article {510,
	title = {Source and composition of organic matter in the Bari canyon (Italy): Dense water cascading versus particulate export from the upper ocean},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 828; 330FL Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:87Y},
	pages = {813-831},
	abstract = {Recent studies in the southern Adriatic Sea have shown that dense water cascading is an effective off-shelf transport mechanism. In order to evaluate the relative importance of different processes affecting the down-slope transfer of organic matter (OM), a multi-proxy biogeochemical study was carried out in the southern Adriatic. Three sediment traps were deployed on the southern slope in March 2004 for 1 year at 35 m above the seabed. Surficial sediments were collected on the shelf and slope along a shore-normal transect. Suspended material in the water column at different water depths was collected along nine shore-normal transects. Organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), carbon isotopic composition (delta C-13 and Delta C-14) and CuO reaction products were used to identify the OM sources and to asses the relative importance of vertical and lateral particulate fluxes. Both sinking particulates from the euphotic zone and advected material from the seafloor were collected by the moored instrumentations. During low-mass fluxes, the trapped material exhibited the highest Delta C-14 values (from -162.0 parts per thousand to +42.3 parts per thousand) and OC contents (from 1.13\% to 2.17\%) while the lignin displayed the lowest content (from 0.160 to 0.285 mg 100 mg(-1) OC). However, during dense water cascading events, the down-slope particulate flux showed different compositional features. In this period the trapped material displayed the most depleted Delta C-14 values (from -275.3 parts per thousand to -171.3 parts per thousand.), the lowest OC content (from 0.87\% to 1.31\%), and the highest lignin content (from 0.230 to 379 mg 100 mg(-1) OC). Holocene sea-level rise has drastically reduced sediment availability to the Bari canyon, and this in turn has affected the OC composition of the material funneled toward the deep Adriatic Sea. Parameters based on lignin CuO products suggest that the terrestrial material exported down the slope is very different from riverine inputs and inner shelf sediments. This indicates that neither river floods nor sediment resuspension from the inner shelf contributes directly to the down-slope flux. Rather, the material collected in the sediment traps exhibits an OM composition comparable to the surface sediments collected in the southern outer shelf. This correspondence suggests that resuspension of sediments by bottom currents in the southern outer shelf significantly contribute to down-slope OM transfer. Finally, the presence of lignin phenols in all cups indicates that lateral fluxes were constantly active on the slope throughout the deployment. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.007},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Langone, L. and Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Turchetto, M. and Miserocchi, S. and Boldrin, A.}
}
@article { ISI:000262186900001,
	title = {Stratigraphy, pollen history and geochronology of tidal marshes in a Gulf of Maine estuarine system: Climatic and relative sea level impacts},
	journal = {MARINE GEOLOGY},
	volume = {256},
	number = {{1-4}},
	year = {2008},
	month = {DEC 20},
	pages = {1-17},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Sedimentologic and stratigraphic characteristics of five tidal marshes in Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, which is located on the western boundary of the Gulf of Maine, were assessed from 20 vibracores. detailed descriptions of surficial environments, pollen analyses, and radiocarbon dating. Modern marsh sequences in Great Bay Estuary initiated with a time-transgressive basal peat that formed at the upland-brackish marsh boundary. The oldest basal peat deposit sampled during this study was dated at similar to 4560 cal yr B.P (based on an age of 4060 +/- 40 C-14 yr B.P.). The original tidal marshes that formed in Great Bay Estuary apparently were unable to accrete at a high enough rate to allow seaward expansion, resulting in a transgressive sequence of low marsh or mudflat sediments overlying the basal peat. The transgressive tidal marsh sequence is capped by high marsh sediments that corresponded to a slowing of relative sea-level (RSL) rise in the region and regressive seaward expansion of the tidal marshes. However, significant variations from these transgressive-regressive sequences occur in the Great Bay tidal marshes as a result of more recent marsh expansion and tidal channel migrations. Detailed pollen analyses of a vibracore taken in a tidal marsh along Squamscott River with a sedimentary record spanning the last similar to 3900 cal yr B.P exhibit five well-documented marker horizons including: 1) an increase of Tsuga (hemlock); 2) the appearance of Picea (spruce); 3) Tsuga and Fagus (beech) declines; 4) an increase in Ambrosia (ragweed) coupled with a sudden decrease in Quercus (oak); and 5) the Castanea (chestnut) decline. Using published ages for these pollen horizons and a calibrated 14C age obtained during this study for a basal peat, accretion rates for this marsh system over five time intervals were calculated: 1) 0.4 to 0.5 mm yr(-1) from similar to 3900 to 2850 cal yr B.P.; 2) 0.6 mm yr(-1) from similar to 2850 to similar to 1960 cal yr B.P.; 3) 0.8 mm yr(-1) from similar to 1960 to similar to 580 cal yr B.P.; 4) 0.7 to 0.8 mm yr(-1) from similar to 580 to similar to 210 cal yr B.P.: and 5) 0.8 to 0.9 mm yr(-1) over the last 210 years. The long-term accretion rate for the entire sequence based on the calibrated C-14 age of the basal peat was 0.6 to 0.7 mm yr(-1). This result agrees with accretion rates determined from calibrated C-14 ages from two other tidal marsh systems in Great Bay Estuary with accretion rates between similar to 0.6 to similar to 0.8 mm yr(-1). Higher accretion rates were obtained at a nearby tidal marsh with 1.2 mm yr(-1) for just the marsh and 1.3 mm yr(-1) for the marsh and underlying subtidal sediment. The results of this study indicate that the sedimentology and stratigraphy of moderate-size tidal marshes in rocky, glaciated coasts are highly variable and are strongly influenced by complex interactions among RSL, climatic variations, and anthropogenic influences. For instance, the early development of many of the marshes in the Great Bay Estuary area were likely driven by changes in rates of RSL resulting in transgressive onlap boundaries, subsequently overlain by regressive intertidal marsh sequences. However, more recent changes in tidal marsh sediment composition deposited during a relatively slow, steady RSL rise likely result from other forcings. such as changes in minerogenic and orogenic sediment inputs due to anthropogenic effects, tidal channel migrations, major storms causing erosion of the marsh, or climatic changes causing shifts in sediment delivery or vegetation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {accretion, climate effects, pollen, relative sea level, salt marshes, sedimentology, stratigraphy},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.004},
	author = {Ward, Larry G. and Zaprowski, Brent J. and Trainer, Kevin D. and Davis, P. Thompson}
}
@article {253,
	title = {Subdecadally resolved paleoceanography of the Peru margin during the last two millennia},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 780; 303SA Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:54Y},
	abstract = {Using multiproxy sediment core data from the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-sensitive Peru margin, subdecadally resolved (down to similar to 0.6 year) surface productivity and subsurface denitrification are reconstructed for the last similar to 2300 years. Scanning XRF generated major elemental data (Ti, Fe, Si) correlate well with discrete inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectometry (ICP-AES) analyses and together with X-radiography (core density) are used as productivity indices. As surface productivity in this marine region is strongly impacted by ENSO, higher (lower) periods of surface productivity are inferred to represent a persistent normal/La Nina (El Nino)-like state. Surface productivity and subsurface denitrification appear to have remained intimately coupled during this period due to direct stimulation of requisite subsurface suboxia and/or hydrographic restructuring. The late Holocene Peru margin is characterized by persistent moderate productivity and subsurface denitrification punctuated at centennial scale by shorter-duration periods of high production and intense denitrification. These centennial-scale events are likely analogous to modern observations of decadal-scale "regime shifts{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} but of higher amplitude and provide a background history for future natural changes to this system. Solar (irradiance) variability is suggested to have influenced Peru productivity as evidenced in numerous high-resolution paleorecords from the northern hemisphere.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007gc001744},
	author = {Agnihotri, R. and Altabet, M. A. and Herbert, T. D. and Tierney, J. E.}
}
@article {318,
	title = {Subtropical Atlantic salinity variability and Atlantic meridional circulation during the last deglaciation},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 862; ISI Document Delivery No.: 381WN Times Cited: 5 Cited Reference Count: 32 Cited References: *CLIMAP PROJ MEMB, 1981, GEOL SOC AM MAP CHAR ANAND P, 2003, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V18, ARTN 1050 BENWAY HM, 2006, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V21, ARTN PA3008 BEVINGTON P, 2002, DATA REDUCTION ERROR BOYLE EA, 1987, NATURE, V330, P35 BROECKER WS, 1990, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V5, P469 CARLSON AE, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P6556, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0611313104 CLARK PU, 2004, SCIENCE, V304, P1141 GRIMM EC, 2006, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V25, P2197, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.04.008 GROOTES PM, 1993, NATURE, V366, P552 KASPI Y, 2004, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V19, ARTN PA3004 KNORR G, 2003, NATURE, V424, P532, DOI 10.1038/nature01855 LEA DW, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P1361 LEDUC G, 2007, NATURE, V445, P908, DOI 10.1038/nature05578 LEGRANDE AN, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L12604 LEGRANDE AN, 2008, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V23, DOI 10.1029/2008PA001610 MCMANUS JF, 2004, NATURE, V428, P834, DOI 10.1038/nature02494 OPPO DW, 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34, ARTN L13701 PEETERS FJC, 2004, NATURE, V430, P661, DOI 10.1038/nature02785 PETERSON LC, 2000, SCIENCE, V290, P1947 ROBINSON LF, 2005, SCIENCE, V310, P1469, DOI 10.1126/science.1114832 RUHLEMANN C, 1999, NATURE, V402, P511 SCHMIDT GA, 2007, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V112, ARTN D10103 SCHMIDT MW, 2004, NATURE, V428, P160, DOI 10.1038/nature02346 SCHMIDT MW, 2006, NATURE, V443, P561, DOI 10.1038/nature05121 SCHMITZ WJ, 1995, REV GEOPHYS, V33, P151 SKINNER LC, 2006, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V25, P3312, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.005 STOUFFER RJ, 2006, J CLIMATE, V19, P1365 THOMAS AL, 2006, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V241, P493, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.031 WANG XF, 2004, NATURE, V432, P740, DOI 10.1038/nature03067 WEAVER AJ, 2003, SCIENCE, V299, P1709 WELDEAB S, 2006, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V241, P699, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.012 Carlson, Anders E. Oppo, Delia W. Came, Rosemarie E. LeGrande, Allegra N. Keigwin, Lloyd D. Curry, William B. Geological soc amer, inc Boulder; YY},
	pages = {991-994},
	abstract = {During the last deglaciation (ca. 21-10 ka), freshening of the North Atlantic surface likely caused reductions in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC); the mechanisms related to AMOC recovery remain poorly understood. Here we present three new deglacial surface temperature and delta O-18(seawater) (delta O-18(sw)) reconstructions from the western subtropical North and South Atlantic. Similarities to tropical Caribbean and western Atlantic delta O-18(sw) records suggest that a salty surface water mass accumulated in the western Atlantic from 27 degrees S to 33 degrees N during periods of reduced AMOC. However, delta O-18(sw) decreases led deep AMOC resumption by hundreds of years. We suggest that the northward export of salt previously trapped in the western Atlantic resulted in the early establishment of a shallow overturning circulation that eventually culminated in deep AMOC resumption, implying that AMOC may constitute a self-limiting system.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/g25080a.1},
	author = {Carlson, A. E. and Oppo, D. W. and Came, R. E. and LeGrande, A. N. and Keigwin, L. D. and Curry, W. B.}
}
@article {581,
	title = {Salinity changes in the western tropical South Atlantic during the last 30 kyr},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2007},
	note = {181bjTimes Cited:28Cited References Count:59},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {383-395},
	abstract = {The hydrographic changes in the western tropical South Atlantic during the last 30 kyr were reconstructed based in the faunal and isotopic analyses of planktonic foraminifera of three cores taken along the Brazilian Continental Margin between 14 degrees S and 25 degrees S. The application of the SIMMAX-MAT method on faunal counts data provided the sea surface temperature estimates. Sea surface salinity estimates were based on the oxygen isotope composition of Globigerinoides ruber (white). Additionally, the abundance record of the planktonic foraminifera Globorotalia truncatulinoides (right) was used as a proxy for vertical mixing of surface waters. Sea surface temperature estimates suggest a relative stability of the area during the last 30 kyr. However, significant changes in the isotopic composition of G. ruber (white) suggest that the isotopic signal is dominated by the influence of sea surface salinity changes. The observed salinity changes are related to both the local hydrological balance and global circulation. Orbital forcing and sea surface salinity changes were responsible for considerable changes in the stability of the upper water column and consequently in the depth of the mixed layer, as indicated by the abundance record of G. truncatulinoides (right). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0921-8181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.001},
	author = {Toledo, F. A. L. and Costa, K. B. and Pivel, M. A. G.}
}
@article {391,
	title = {Sea level rise in Tampa Bay},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1899; References: 14; illus. incl. geol. sketch map Latitude:N272700,N280200 Longitude:W0822200,W0825100Y},
	pages = {117-118},
	issn = {0096-3941},
	doi = {10.1029/2007eo100002},
	author = {Cronin, Thomas M. and Edgar, N. Terence and Brooks, Gregg and Hastings, David and Larson, Rebekka and Hine, Albert and Locker, Stanley and Suthard, Beau and Flower, Benjamin and Hollander, David and Wehmiller, John and Willard, Debra A. and Smith, Shannon}
}
@article {438,
	title = {Sea-level history of the Gulf of Mexico since the Last Glacial Maximum with implications for the melting history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2038; PT: J; UT: WOS:000248732200007},
	pages = {920-940},
	abstract = {Sea-level records from the Gulf of Mexico at the Last Glacial Maximum, 20 ka, are up to 35 m higher than time-equivalent sea-level records from equatorial regions. The most popular hypothesis for explaining this disparity has been uplift due to the forebulge created by loading from Mississippi River sediments. Using over 50 new radiocarbon dates as well as existing published data obtained from shallowmarine deposits within the northern Gulf of Mexico and numerical models simulating the impact of loading due to the Mississippi Fan and glacio-hydro-isostasy, we test several possible explanations for this sea-level disparity.. We find that neither a large radiocarbon reservoir, sedimentary loading due to the Mississippi Fan, nor large-scale regional uplift can explain this disparity. We do find that with an appropriate model for the Laurentide Ice Sheet, the observations from the Gulf of Mexico can be explained by the process of glaciohydro-isostasy. Our analysis suggests that in order to explain this disparity one must consider a Laurentide Ice Sheet reconstruction with less ice from 15 ka to its disappearance 6 ka and more ice from the Last Glacial Maximum to 15 ka than some earlier models have suggested. This supports a Laurentide contribution to meltwater pulse 1-A, which could not have come entirely from its southern sector. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.01.001},
	author = {Simms, Alexander R. and Lambeck, Kurt and Purcell, Anthony and Anderson, John B. and Rodriguez, Antonio B.}
}
@article {1883,
	title = {Searching for a suitable gas ion source for C-14 accelerator mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Preceeding of PNNIB-11 (9/2006)},
	volume = {A.I.P. Preceedings Series},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 689},
	month = {2007},
	author = {von Reden, K. and Roberts, M. and Han, B. and Schneider, R. and Wills, J.}
}
@article {285,
	title = {Seaward-branching coastal-plain and Piedmont incised-valley systems through multiple sea-level cycles: Late Quaternary examples from Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2039; PT: J; UT: WOS:000246987600011},
	pages = {139-158},
	abstract = {Most incised valleys become more organized seaward through tributaries merging with the main trunk valley. Late Quaternary incised valleys on the Mississippi and Alabama inner continental shelf branch seaward, although they do coalesce towards the shelf break where they feed shelf-edge deltas. To link fluvial systems with their associated previously mapped incised valleys on the shelf, and evaluate the contribution of small coastal-plain valley systems to the lowstand systems tract, high-resolution seismic data and cores were collected from Mobile Bay, eastern Mississippi Sound, and the Mobile bay-head delta. These data show four unconformity-bounded stacked units, and this study focuses on the upper two regionally mappable units. The upper two unconformities were sampled in core as exposure surfaces, and, on the basis of stratigraphic position, depth of incision, and C-14 dates, are interpreted as sequence boundaries. The shallowest sequence boundary (A) formed in response to the Oxygen Isotope Stage 2 sea-level lowstand, while the underlying sequence boundary (B) formed in response to an earlier lowstand (Stage 6?). A map of Sequence Boundary B shows a network of seaward-branching valleys, 20-35 m deep and 0.6-7.7 km wide, that extend across Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound. These valleys, which are bounded by well-developed terraces, are extensions of the piedmont Mobile fluvial system and the coastal-plain Fowl and La Batre fluvial systems. A map of the Stage 2 Sequence Boundary shows that all systems generally reoccupied their previous valley positions and are separated by interfluve plateaus. Valley fill between Sequence Boundary B and the Stage 2 Sequence Boundary is generally composed of a basal unit of alluvial sediments overlain by bay-head delta deposits; however, Stage 2 to 1 valley fill is composed entirely (if central-basin sediments. The presence of bay-head delta deposits on the inner shelf indicates this depositional environment backstepped across the estuaries to modern positions. Backstepping likely occurred as the low-gradient paleovalleys were inundated, resulting in rapid rates of transgression. Fluvial gradients measured on Sequence Boundary B and the Stage 2 Sequence Boundary, below the modern Mobile bay-head delta plain and the estuaries, are very low (1.3-0.3 m/km). The Mobile bay-head delta and upper Mobile Bay are confined by steep topography, which opens basinward into the low-gradient shorelines surrounding lower Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound. During falling sea level, channel branching likely occurred as the low-gradient fluvial systems extended basinward beyond the confined topography. These channels incised as sea level fell below the steeper shelf break during the lowstand. Stage 2 valley morphology is partially influenced by the position of the underlying Stage 6 valleys. Both coastal-plain and piedmont valley systems exhibit compound fill, indicating that differentiation between these types of incised valleys cannot be based on valley-fill architecture alone.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.2007.016},
	author = {Greene, D. Lawrence, Jr. and Rodriguez, Antonio B. and Anderson, John B.}
}
@article {1891,
	title = {Sedimentary evidence of hurricane strikes in western Long Island, New York},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2007},
	note = {182vrTimes Cited:48
Cited References Count:59
},
	month = {Jun 21},
	abstract = {[1] Evidence of historical landfalling hurricanes and prehistoric storms has been recovered from backbarrier environments in the New York City area. Overwash deposits correlate with landfalls of the most intense documented hurricanes in the area, including the hurricanes of 1893, 1821, 1788, and 1693 A. D. There is little evidence of intense hurricane landfalls in the region for several hundred years prior to the late 17th century A. D. The apparent increase in intense hurricane landfalls around 300 years ago occurs during the latter half of the Little Ice Age, a time of lower tropical sea surface temperatures. Multiple washovers laid down between similar to 2200 and 900 cal yr B. P. suggest an interval of frequent intense hurricane landfalls in the region. Our results provide preliminary evidence that fluctuations in intense hurricane landfall in the northeastern United States were roughly synchronous with hurricane landfall fluctuations observed for the Caribbean and Gulf Coast, suggesting North Atlantic - wide changes in hurricane activity.},
	keywords = {barrier-island, climate, Coastal geology, fire-island, global change : climate variability, hurricane, hydrology : extreme events, hydrology : hydroclimatology, ice-age, New York, new-england, new-jersey, past 5,000 years, Salt marsh, salt-marsh, sea-level rise, sedimentation, tidal marsh, tropical cyclones},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GC001463},
	author = {Scileppi, E. and Donnelly, J. P.}
}
@article {500,
	title = {Sedimentary iron cycling and the origin and preservation of magnetization in platform carbonate muds, Andros Island, Bahamas},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {259},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 787; 197DX Times Cited:9 Cited References Count:47Y},
	pages = {581-598},
	abstract = {Carbonate muds deposited on continental shelves are abundant and well-preserved throughout the geologic record because shelf strata are difficult to subduct and peritidal carbonate units often form thick, theologically strong units that resist penetrative deformation. Much of what we know about pre-Mesozoic ocean chemistry, carbon cycling, and global change is derived from isotope and trace element geochemistry of platform carbonates. Paleomagnetic data from the same sediments would be invaluable, placing records of paleolatitude, paleogeography, and perturbations to the geomagnetic field in the context and relative chronology of chemostratigraphy. To investigate the depositional and early diagenetic processes that contribute to magneitzation in carbonates, we surveyed over 500 core and surface samples of peritidal, often microbially bound carbonate muds spanning the last similar to 1000 yr and deposited on top of Pleistocene aeolianites in the Triple Goose Creek region of northwest Andros Island, Bahamas. Sedimentological, geochemical, magnetic and ferromagnetic resonance properties divide the sediment columns into three biogeochemical zones. In the upper sediments, the dominant magnetic mineral is magnetite, produced by magnetotactic bacteria and dissimiliatory microbial iron metabolism. At lower depths, above or near mean tide level, microbial iron reduction dissolves most of the magnetic particles in the sediment. In some cores, magnetic iron sulfides precipitate in a bottom zone of sulfate reduction, likely coupled to the oxidation of decaying mangrove roots. The remanent magnetization preserved in all oriented samples appears indistinguishable from the modem local geomagnetic field, which reflects the post-depositional origin of magnetic particles in the lower zone of the parasequence. While we cannot comment on the effects of late-stage diagenesis or metamorphism on remanence in carbonates, we postulate that early-cemented, thin-laminated parasequence tops in ancient peritidal carbonates are mostly likely to preserve syn-depositional paleomagnetic directions and magnetofossil stratigraphies. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.021},
	author = {Maloof, A. C. and Kopp, R. E. and Grotzinger, J. P. and Fike, D. A. and Bosak, T. and Vali, H. and Poussart, P. M. and Weiss, B. P. and Kirschvink, J. L.}
}
@article {1898,
	title = {Selective degradation of organic compounds in sediments from the California Borderland Basins: evidence from compound specific Delta 14C and delta 13C analyses},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 544},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {558-576},
	author = {Mollenhauer, Gesine and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {905,
	title = {Source apportionment of atmospheric PAHs in the western Balkans by natural abundance radiocarbon analysis},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 519},
	pages = {3850-3855},
	doi = {10.1021/es0628957},
	author = {Zencak, Zdenek and Klanova, Jana and Holoubek, Ivan and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {483,
	title = {Source, transport and fate of terrestrial organic carbon on the western Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Lions, France},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 825; 176SJ Times Cited:15 Cited References Count:70Y},
	pages = {101-117},
	abstract = {As part of the EuroSTRATAFORM project, a multi-proxy study was conducted in order to investigate origin, transport and deposition of riverine organic matter in the Gulf of Lions. Surface sediments (0-1 cm) from the Rhone prodelta area and along the sediment dispersal system were collected in September 2004 and in April 2005. Lignin, elemental and stable carbon isotopic analyses were carried out to characterize the source of sedimentary organic material and to facilitate evaluation of temporal and spatial variability. Large contrasts in the organic matter composition of prodelta sediments were observed as a result of the preferential transport of the finest material. In our hypothesis, woody debris, rich in organic matter, hydraulically behaves like very fine sand and is retained within the prodelta area. In contrast, the organic matter adsorbed onto finer particles is selectively transported away from the prodelta along the sediment dispersal system, explaining the distinct organic matter composition observed in the offshore regions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2007.01.005},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Miserocchi, S. and Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Langone, L.}
}
@article {674,
	title = {Spatial complexity of {\textquoteright}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright} climate in East Africa: sedimentary records from two crater lake basins in western Uganda},
	journal = {Holocene},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2007},
	note = {144ztTimes Cited:36Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {183-193},
	abstract = {Lithostratigraphic analyses of the sedimentary record from two contrasting crater lake basins in western Uganda, Africa, provide evidence for three major century-scale and intervals during the last 2000 year. Variations in sedimentation and salt mineralogy of hypersaline Lake Kitagata, and a succession of fine-grained lake sediments and peat in the freshwater Lake Kibengo, suggest century-scale droughts centred on AD 0, similar to 1100, similar to 1550 and 1750. These results broadly support data from nearby Lake Edward on the timing of drought in western Uganda, but contrast with lake sediment records from eastern equatorial Africa. In particular, our results suggest regional variability of East African climate during the main phase of the {\textquoteright}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright} (AD similar to 1500 to 1800), with westernmost East Africa experiencing drought while areas farther east were wet. This spatial pattern highlights the strongly regional nature of century-scale climate changes over the African continent, and holds implications for the mechanisms governing African rainfall during the {\textquoteright}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright}.},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683607075832},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Verschuren, D. and Eggermont, H.}
}
@article {725,
	title = {Stable carbon isotope compositions of Eastern Beringian grasses and sedges: Investigating their potential as paleoenvironmental indicators},
	journal = {Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2007},
	note = {170fwTimes Cited:20Cited References Count:73},
	month = {May},
	pages = {318-331},
	abstract = {The nature of vegetation cover present in Beringia during the last glaciation remains unclear. Uncertainty rests partly with the limitations of conventional paleoecological methods. A lack of sufficient taxonomic resolution most notably associated with the grasses and sedges restricts the paleoccological inferences that can be made. Stable isotope measurements of subfossil plants are frequently used to enhance paleoenvironmental reconstructions. We present an investigation of the stable carbon isotope composition (delta C-13) of modern and subfossil grasses and sedges (graminoids) from Eastern Beringia. Modern grasses from wet habitats had a mean delta C-13 of -29.1 parts per thousand. (standard deviation [SD] = 2.1 parts per thousand, n = 75), while those from dry habitats had a mean of -26.9 parts per thousand (SD = 1.19, n = 27). Sedges (n = -50) from dry, wet, marsh, and sand dune habitats had specific habitat ranges. Four modern C-4 grasses had delta C-13 values typical Of C4 plants. Analyses were also conducted using subfossil graminoid remains from several sedimentary paleoecological contexts (e.g., arctic ground squirrel nests, loess, permafrost, and paleosols) in Eastern Beringia. Results from these subfossil samples, ranging in age from > 40,000 to ca. 11,000 cal. yr BP, illustrate that the delta C-13 of graminoid remains has altered during the past. The range of variation in the subfossil samples is within the range from modern graminoid specimens from dry and wet habitats. The results indicate that stable isotopes could contribute to a comprehensive and multiproxy reconstruction of Beringian paleoenvironments.},
	issn = {1523-0430},
	doi = {10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[318:Scicoe]2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Wooller, M. J. and Zazula, G. D. and Edwards, M. and Froese, D. G. and Boone, R. D. and Parker, C. and Bennett, B.}
}
@article {1536,
	title = {Stable-and radiocarbon isotopes in corals and adjacent natural waters: reconstructing land-use change and the land-ocean carbon cycle},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 654},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {126},
	address = {Santa Fe, NM},
	author = {Moyer, R. P. and Grottoli, A. G.}
}
@inbook {1459,
	title = {Status of the Black Sea flood hypothesis},
	booktitle = {The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in Coastline, Climate and Human Settlement},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 854},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {63-88},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	author = {Ryan, W. B. F.},
	editor = {Yanko-Hombach, V.}
}
@article {1905,
	title = {Strandplain evolution along the southern coast of Santa Caterina, Brazil},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {Special Issue 50},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1099},
	month = {2007},
	author = {FitzGerald, D. M. and Cleary, W. J. and Buynevich, I. V. and Hein, C. J. and Kleins, A. H. F. and Asp, N. and Angulo, R.}
}
@article {650,
	title = {Stratigraphy and environmental reconstruction at the middle Wisconsinan Gilman Canyon Formation type locality, Buzzard{\textquoteright}s Roost, southwestern Nebraska, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2007},
	note = {160ruTimes Cited:17Cited References Count:115},
	month = {May},
	pages = {474-486},
	abstract = {The middle Wisconsinan Gilman Canyon Formation at the Buzzard{\textquoteright}s Roost type locality in southwestern Nebraska was investigated to document the stratigraphy and to reconstruct the environmental and climate record. The Gilman Canyon Formation was subdivided into three loess units and three soils, with radiocarbon ages constraining it between about 40 ka and 25 ka. Stable carbon isotope ratios, magnetic susceptibility, and carbon content were used to define and characterize soils within both the Gilman Canyon Formation and underlying Illinoian Loveland Loess. At the height of soil development within the Gilman Canyon Formation, climate was supporting C-4-dominated grassland, with July temperatures equal to or exceeding those of today. Soil-forming intervals within the Loveland Loess, including the Sangamon Soil, also exhibited relative increases in C-4 biomass. Climate, as recorded in the Gilman Canyon Formation, is corroborated by regional proxy data. The formation accumulated during MIS 3, and concurrent soil formation coincided with a summer insolation maximum. (c) 2007 University of Washington. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2007.01.011},
	author = {Johnson, W. C. and Willey, K. L. and Mason, J. A. and May, D. W.}
}
@article {275,
	title = {A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the anthropogenic-influenced southeastern United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 788; 187XB Times Cited:47 Cited References Count:39Y},
	abstract = {[1] The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in an anthropogenic-influenced region in the southeastern United States is investigated by a comparison with urban plumes in the northeast. The analysis is based on measurements of fine-particle organic compounds soluble in water (WSOC) as a measure of secondary organic aerosol. Aircraft measurements over a large area of northern Georgia, including the Atlanta metropolitan region, and in plumes from New York City and surrounding urban regions in the northeast show that fine-particle WSOC are spatially correlated with vehicle emission tracers (e.g., CO), yet the measurements indicate that vehicles do not directly emit significant particulate WSOC. In addition to being correlated, WSOC concentrations were in similar proportions to anthropogenic tracers in both regions, despite biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that were on average 10-100 times higher over northern Georgia. In contrast, radiocarbon analysis on WSOC extracted from integrated filters deployed in Atlanta suggests that roughly 70-80\% of the carbon in summertime WSOC is modern. If both findings are valid, the combined results indicate that in northern Georgia, fine-particle WSOC was secondary and formed through a process that involves mainly modern biogenic VOCs but which is strongly linked to an anthropogenic component that may largely control the mass of SOA formed. Independent of the radiocarbon results, a strong association between SOA and anthropogenic sources has implications for control strategies in urban regions with large biogenic VOC emissions.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2007jd008408},
	author = {Weber, R. J. and Sullivan, A. P. and Peltier, R. E. and Russell, A. and Yan, B. and Zheng, M. and de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C. and Brock, C. and Holloway, J. S. and Atlas, E. L. and Edgerton, E.}
}
@article {2444,
	title = {A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the anthropogenic-influenced southeastern United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2007},
	note = {263D13302
},
	month = {Jul},
	abstract = {[1] The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in an anthropogenic-influenced region in the southeastern United States is investigated by a comparison with urban plumes in the northeast. The analysis is based on measurements of fine-particle organic compounds soluble in water (WSOC) as a measure of secondary organic aerosol. Aircraft measurements over a large area of northern Georgia, including the Atlanta metropolitan region, and in plumes from New York City and surrounding urban regions in the northeast show that fine-particle WSOC are spatially correlated with vehicle emission tracers (e.g., CO), yet the measurements indicate that vehicles do not directly emit significant particulate WSOC. In addition to being correlated, WSOC concentrations were in similar proportions to anthropogenic tracers in both regions, despite biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that were on average 10-100 times higher over northern Georgia. In contrast, radiocarbon analysis on WSOC extracted from integrated filters deployed in Atlanta suggests that roughly 70-80\% of the carbon in summertime WSOC is modern. If both findings are valid, the combined results indicate that in northern Georgia, fine-particle WSOC was secondary and formed through a process that involves mainly modern biogenic VOCs but which is strongly linked to an anthropogenic component that may largely control the mass of SOA formed. Independent of the radiocarbon results, a strong association between SOA and anthropogenic sources has implications for control strategies in urban regions with large biogenic VOC emissions.},
	keywords = {AMBIENT AEROSOL, atmosphere, C-14, emissions, evolution, GASOLINE, OXIDATION, PARTICLES, RATIOS, ZURICH},
	isbn = {2169-897X},
	doi = {10.1029/2007JD008408},
	author = {Weber, R. J. and Sullivan, A. P. and Peltier, R. E. and Russell, A. and Yan, B. and Zheng, M. and de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C. and Brock, C. and Holloway, J. S. and Atlas, E. L. and Edgerton, E.}
}
@inbook {1447,
	title = {Submarine canyon and fan systems of the California Continental Borderland, Chapter 3-7},
	booktitle = {Earth Science in the Urban Ocean: The Southern California Contental Borderlands},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 992},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and Piper, D. J. W. and Romans, B. W. and Covault, J. A. and Dartnell, P. and Sliter, R. W.},
	editor = {Paper, Geological Society of America Special}
}
@article {934,
	title = {Surface currents in the western North Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2007},
	note = {131djTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:16},
	month = {Jan 19},
	abstract = {[1] During the last ice age, the density gradient across the Florida Current was reduced, implying a reduction in the flow of the Gulf Stream through the Florida Straits. Here we investigate the possibility that a significant portion of this wind-driven western boundary flow bypassed the Florida Straits during glacial times due to either changes in bathymetry induced by the sea level drop or changes in wind patterns. Down core records of the oxygen isotope ratios of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia truncatulinoides are used to locate the density gradients and thus the locations of upper ocean currents in the western North Atlantic. We find that western boundary flow was largely confined within the Florida Straits during the Last Glacial Maximum as it is today. This finding supports the idea that the reduced density gradient across the Florida Current represents a reduction in the surface branch of the surface to deep meridional overturning circulation in the Atlantic rather than a reduction in the proportion of the wind-driven flow carried by the Florida Current.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GC001371},
	author = {LeGrande, A. N. and Lynch-Stieglitz, J.}
}
@article {1930,
	title = {Sea surface temperatures of southern middle-latitudes 0-160 by BP},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 591},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Pahnke, K. and Sachs, J. P.}
}
@article {706,
	title = {Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2006},
	note = {063ieTimes Cited:24Cited References Count:38},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {867-897},
	abstract = {Small turbidite systems offshore from southern California provide an opportunity to track sediment from river source through the turbidity-current initiation process to ultimate deposition, and to evaluate the impact of changing sea level and tectonics. The Santa Monica Basin is almost a closed system for terrigenous sediment input, and is supplied principally from the Santa Clara River. The Hueneme fan is supplied directly by the river, whereas the smaller Mugu and Dume fans are nourished by southward longshore drift. This study of the Late Quaternary turbidite fill of the Santa Monica Basin uses a dense grid of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles tied to new radiocarbon ages for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 back to 32 ka. Over the last glacial cycle, sedimentation rates in the distal part of Santa Monica Basin averaged 2-3 mm yr(-1), with increases at times of extreme relative sea-level lowstand. Coarser-grained mid-fan lobes prograded into the basin from the Hueneme, Mugu and Dume fans at times of rapid sea-level fall. These pulses of coarse-grained sediment resulted from river channel incision and delta cannibalization. During the extreme lowstand of the last glacial maximum, sediment delivery was concentrated on the Hueneme Fan, with mean depositional rates of up to 13 mm yr(-1) on the mid- and upper fan. During the marine isotope stage (MIS) 2 transgression, enhanced rates of sedimentation of > 4 mm yr(-1) occurred on the Mugu and Dume fans, as a result of distributary switching and southward littoral drift providing nourishment to these fan systems. Longer-term sediment delivery to Santa Monica Basin was controlled by tectonics. Prior to MIS 10, the Anacapa ridge blocked the southward discharge of the Santa Clara River into the Santa Monica Basin. The pattern and distribution of turbidite sedimentation was strongly controlled by sea level through the rate of supply of coarse sediment and the style of initiation of turbidity currents. These two factors appear to have been more important than the absolute position of sea level.},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and Piper, D. J. W. and Sliter, R.}
}
@article {286,
	title = {Sea-level variation during the holocene deduced from the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of Morgan Peninsula, Alabama, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 2040; PT: J; UT: WOS:000235746800018},
	pages = {257-269},
	abstract = {Recent Gulf of Mexico shoreline studies interpret middle to late Holocene sea level as failing from a level above present elevation or stable at present elevation; however, the architecture of Morgan Peninsula, Alabama, does not support this. Morgan Peninsula is a beach-ridge strandplain composed of two obliquely aligned Holocene beach-ridge sets. Ground-penetrating radar profiles discriminate between parallel, even to wavy reflectors of the eolian dune environment and the underlying seaward-dipping, complex sigmoidal-oblique reflectors of the foreshore and upper-shoreface environment. The contact between foreshore and eolian facies in beach ridges can be used as a sea-level indicator. The average elevation of this contact in Morgan Peninsula rises throughout shoreline accretion, which occurred throughout the last 5.4 ka, suggesting that there was continual sea-level rise during this time. Morgan Peninsula is a useful modern analog to ancient shoreface-shelf parasequences and demonstrates the significant internal complexities that can exist in these deposits. Erosional discontinuities imaged in the Holocene foreshore-upper shoreface environment are laterally continuous, extend to elevations above mean sea level, and correlate to beach ridges and the transition between beach-ridge sets. An increase in the wave regime or fluctuations in sediment supply appear to be likely mechanisms for forming erosional discontinuities below beach ridges. The erosional surface separating beach-ridge sets may have formed by increased storm activity and associated barrier breaching, or a reconfiguration of the Mobile Bay tidal-delta complex superimposed on a gradual rate of sea-level rise. This boundary is recognized by a change in beach-ridge orientation at the surface and an increase in the aggradational component of shoreline accretion.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.2006.018},
	author = {Rodriguez, A. B. and Meyer, C. T.}
}
@article {601,
	title = {On sediment accumulation rates and stratigraphic completeness: Lessons from Holocene ocean margins},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2006},
	note = {109ueTimes Cited:24Cited References Count:61},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {2225-2240},
	abstract = {Stratigraphic completeness is a fundamental consideration when deciphering the mass accumulation history of sediments and the geologic record of earth and ocean processes. In this study, stratigraphic completeness was examined in the context of late Holocene sedimentary successions using published sediment accumulation rates for five ocean margin systems (Amazon shelf, Hudson estuary, northern California shelf, Mid-Atlantic slope, Santa Monica Bay). Plots of mass accumulation rate versus time span of averaging were used to determine how rates scale with measurement period, and to estimate levels of stratigraphic completeness for comparison within and among margin systems. Statistically significant inverse correlations between accumulation rate and time span of averaging are indicated for all but one of these systems-most of the sedimentary records examined are stratigraphically incomplete. At the 10(3)-yr level of resolution, completeness is 20-48\% for strongly tidal estuarine (Hudson estuary) and deltaic shelf (Amazon shelf) sites, 51-91\% for accretionary shelves (northern California shelf) and slopes (Mid-Atlantic slope), and 85-100\% for a sediment-starved slope (Santa Monica bay). Mass accumulation rates converge to a relatively narrow range (0.01-0.1 g cm(-2) yr(-1)) at the 10(4)-yr level of resolution, consistent with the notion that there are universal controls on sediment accumulation rate, i.e., rate of sea-level rise and sediment supply. Among sites on the Amazon and northern California shelves, within-system completeness varies by similar to 10-20\% on account of site-specific sedimentary processes that preferentially trap or disperse suspended sediment. Overall, stratigraphic completeness increases with water depth shelf-to-slope, yet depth is not a robust predictor of completeness in general owing to differences in strata-forming processes among shallow-marine environments. Significantly, completeness varies inversely with instantaneous deposition rate as the most sediment-rich systems tend to exhibit the most incomplete sedimentary records. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of considering time span and fidelity when interpreting the accumulation history of modern and Holocene sedimentary strata. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.015},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K.}
}
@article {1958,
	title = {Sediment Cd and Mo accumulation in the oxygen-minimum zone off western Baja California linked to global climate over the past 52 kyr},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2006},
	note = {110idTimes Cited:34
Cited References Count:68
},
	month = {Nov 25},
	abstract = {[ 1] Concentrations of organic carbon (orgC), cadmium (Cd), and molybdenum (Mo) were measured in two sediment cores raised from depths of 430 and 700 m within the oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) off southern Baja California at a temporal resolution of similar to 0.5 kyr over the past 52 kyr. These records are supplemented with diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR) measurements obtained on board ship soon after collection at a resolution of similar to 0.05 kyr. In the core from 700 m depth, a component extracted from the DSR data and the three geochemical proxies generally vary in concert with each other and over a wide range ( 4 - 22\% orgC; 1 - 40 mg/kg Cd; 5 120 mg/kg Mo). Intervals of increased orgC, Cd, and Mo accumulation generally correspond to warm periods recorded in the oxygen-isotopic composition of Greenland ice, with the exception of the Bolling/Allerod which is only weakly expressed off Baja California. Concentrations of the biogenic proxies are higher in the core from 430 m depth, but erratic sediment accumulation before 15 ka precludes dating of the older intervals that are laminated and contain elevated orgC, Cd, and Mo concentrations. The new data provide further evidence of an intimate teleconnection between global climate and the intensity of the OMZ and/or productivity along the western margin of North America. On the basis of a comparison with Cd and Mo records collected elsewhere in the region, we conclude that productivity may actually have varied off southern Baja California by no more than a factor of 2 over the past 52 kyr.},
	keywords = {continental-margin, enhanced preservation, late pleistocene, marine-sediments, nitrogen isotope, northeast pacific waters, organic-carbon preservation, productivity variations, santa-barbara basin, suboxic sediments},
	isbn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2005PA001239},
	author = {Dean, W. E. and Zheng, Y. and Ortiz, J. D. and van Geen, A.}
}
@article {610,
	title = {Sedimentary facies and climate control on formation of vivianite and siderite microconcretions in sediments of Lake Baikal, Siberia},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2006},
	note = {092qrTimes Cited:32Cited References Count:37},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {245-257},
	abstract = {Authigenic vivianite and siderite microconcretions were found, respectively, in hemipelagic and deltaic facies of 600-m-long BDP-98 sediment section from Lake Baikal. Textural investigations of these microconcretions show that they are typically < 1 mm in size, irregular in shape and composed of aggregated crystallites. Dissimilar orientation of vivianite and siderite crystallites suggests formation at different depths in the sediment; up to tens of centimeters for vivianite and tens of meters for siderite. Chemical analyses of both the vivianite and the siderite indicate cation composition characterized by minor amounts of Mn, Ca and Mn apart from the dominating Fe. Rather limited and distinctive carbon isotopic composition of the siderite, with delta C-13(VPDB) values between about +13 and +16 degrees, implies formation of the mineral in the methanogenic zone of diagenesis. Isotopic composition of oxygen in the siderite (delta O-18(VPDB) values between about -10 and -11 degrees) is consistent with crystallization temperature at about 10-30 degrees C and water delta O-18(SMOW) values between about -10 and -16 degrees. The distribution of the authigenic minerals in the section suggests changes in both sedimentary facies and climate, where vivianite formation was controlled by hemipelagic depositional conditions during the Pliocene and Quaternary, whereas siderite reflects impact of deltaic conditions during the Miocene.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-006-9005-x},
	author = {Sapota, T. and Aldahan, A. and Al-Aasm, I. S.}
}
@article {602,
	title = {Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2006},
	note = {109ueTimes Cited:158Cited References Count:62},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {2141-2156},
	abstract = {A predominant sigmoidal clinoform deposit extends from the Yangtze River mouth southwards 800 kin along the Chinese coast. This clinoform is thickest (similar to 40m) between the 20 and 30 m isobaths and progressively thins offshore, reaching water depths of 60 and 90 m and distances up to 100 km offshore. Clay mineral, heavy metal, geochemical and grain-size analyses indicate that the Yangtze River is the primary source for this longshore-transported clinoform deposit. (210)Pb chronologies show the highest accumulation rates (> 3 cm/yr) occur immediately adjacent to the Yangtze subaqueous delta (north of 30 degrees N), decreasing southward alongshore and eastward offshore. The interaction of strong tides, waves, the China Coastal Current, winter storms, and offshore upwelling appear to have played important roles in trapping most Yangtze-derived sediment on the inner shelf and transporting it to the south. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.013},
	author = {Liu, J. P. and Li, A. C. and Xu, K. H. and Veiozzi, D. M. and Yang, Z. S. and Milliman, J. D. and DeMaster, D.}
}
@article {1913,
	title = {Sedimentology, physical properties and age of mass transport deposits associated with the Marques de Pombal Fault, Southwest Portuguese Margin},
	journal = {Norwegian Journal of Geology},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 623},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {177-186},
	author = {Vizcaino, Alexis and Gracia, Eulalia and Pallas, Raimon and Garcia-Orellana, Jordi and Escutia, Carlota and Casas, David and Willmott, Veronica and Diez, Susana and Asioli, Alessandra and Danobeitia, Juanjo}
}
@conference {1786,
	title = {Shell fragmentation as an indicator of benthic conditions},
	booktitle = {GSA Annual Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 749},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	author = {Best, Mairi M. R. and Bibeau, Karine and Spitzberg, Daniel and Thomas, Ellen and Varekamp, Johan C. and Bernatis, Jennifer}
}
@article {1956,
	title = {Solid-state 13C NMR analysis of size and density fractions of marine sediments: Insight into organic carbon sources and preservation mechanisms},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1702},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {666-686},
	author = {Dickens, A. F. and Baldock, J. A. and Smernik, R. J. and Wakeham, S. G. and Arnarson, T. S. and Gelinas, Y. and Hedges, J. I.}
}
@article {1950,
	title = {Source and transport of terrigenous organic matter of the upper Yukon River: evidence from isotope (13C, 14C and 15N) composition of dissolved, colloidal and particulate phases},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1129},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Guo, L. and Macdonald, R. W.}
}
@conference {1790,
	title = {Sources age and composition of dissolved and particulate organic matter delivered to a passive margin river system},
	booktitle = {ASLO/AGU Ocean Science Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 485},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Petsch, S. T. and Gordon, E. S. and Longworth, B. E. and Schillawki, S. E. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {1935,
	title = {Sources and potential transformation of estuarine dissolved and particulate organic matter: a multi-tracer approach},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 597},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {454-468},
	author = {McCallister, S. L. and Bauer, J. E. and Ducklow, H. W. and Canuel, E. A.}
}
@conference {1791,
	title = {Sources, fate and turnover of terrestrial organic carbon in rivers},
	booktitle = {Goldschmidt Conference},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 489},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Melbourne, Australia},
	author = {Raymond, P. A.}
}
@conference {1792,
	title = {Sources, fate and turnover of terrestrial organic carbon in rivers (Lecture)},
	booktitle = {Organic Geochemistry Gordon Conference},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 491},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Plymouth, NH},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Oh, N. H.}
}
@article {1952,
	title = {Spacial and temporal variation in cores from Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru during the last 13,000 yrs},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {158},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 588},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {23-29},
	author = {Fritz, S. C. and Baker, P. A. and Tapia, P. and Garland, J.}
}
@article {1527,
	title = {Stable carbon isotopes in coastal Puerto Rico corals and adjacent natural waters: implications for land-ocean connectivity and land-use history},
	volume = {Abstract $\#$OS25J-14},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 655},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu},
	author = {Moyer, R. P. and Grottoli, A. G.}
}
@article {1925,
	title = {Stable isotopes from marine shells, ancient environments, and human subsistence on Middle Holocene Santa Rosa Island, California, U.S.A},
	journal = {Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 578},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {233-254},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Robbins, John A. and Ferguson, Kurth M.}
}
@article {593,
	title = {Submarine earthquake geology along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: A model for transform basin sedimentation},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {248},
	year = {2006},
	note = {085kgTimes Cited:55Cited References Count:98},
	month = {Aug 30},
	pages = {661-684},
	abstract = {The submerged portions of the North Anatolia Fault system beneath the Marmara Sea were studied with high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, subbottom profiling and sediment cores. The major objectives were to learn about the seismic and tectonic history of the fault from the stratigraphic record at a scale similar to paleoseismic studies on land and to develop tools for submarine earthquake geology that can be applied to fault-controlled basins in general. We focused on Holocene sediment in several Marmara Sea basins of different sizes. The approach was to test whether: (1) the depocenters of the larger basins contain a record of all historic Ms > 7 earthquakes within the Marmara Sea region; (2) the small transform basins record earthquakes that rupture through them; (3) vertical and strike-slip Holocene deformation can be quantified; and (4) the effects of an earthquake generally includes both primary structural features due to rupture of the sea floor, such as strata offset, scarps and tilting, as well as secondary effects due to shaking, such as mass-wasting and gravitational flows. We found evidence of earthquakes that we correlate with historic events in 181 AD, 740 AD, 1063 AD, 1343 AD, 1509 AD, 1766 AD, 1894 AD and 1912 AD. The geologic evidence is primarily from those basins adjacent to the rupture as inferred from historic data. This suggests that coseismic deformation of the sea floor along the rupture is a critical factor in the sedimentary record. We propose a qualitative sedimentation model that relates this coseismic deformation to mass-wasting of the slope, scour of the basin floor, seiche motions and homogenite deposition. Frequent earthquake activity sheds sediments from the flanks, contributes to the much thicker sediment on the basin floor and decreases the likelihood of sediment failures in response to normal marine gravity-driven processes. The surveying techniques and approaches used have therefore the potential of documenting earthquake ruptures of fault segments and to extend the earthquake record far before the known history, thus improving hazard evaluations and the fundamental understanding of earthquake process. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0012-821x},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.038},
	author = {McHugh, C. M. G. and Seeber, L. and Cormier, M. H. and Dutton, J. and Cagatay, N. and Polonia, A. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Gorur, N.}
}
@article {603,
	title = {Sedimentation and carbon burial on the northern California continental shelf: the signatures of land-use change},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2005},
	note = {894cyTimes Cited:29Cited References Count:109},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {349-371},
	abstract = {The burial of organic carbon (OC) on continental margins is strongly coupled to the supply and accumulation of inorganic mineral particles. It follows that carbon burial on the margins should be impacted by changes in riverine sediment delivery, yet these impacts have not been well documented. In this study, an similar to2000-year record of sedimentation and carbon burial on the continental shelf offshore from the Eel River in northern California was examined. The record reveals a 6-11-fold increase in the rate of sediment accumulation on the mid-shelf beginning about 1955, and a concomitant decrease in grain size and increase in flood-layer preservation. At the same time. the age of buried wood fragments abruptly decreased and their stable carbon isotopic composition became enriched in C-13. We argue that these changes can be explained largely as the result of altered land use in the Eel watershed during the past century and its impacts on shelf sediment dispersal processes.Sedimentary OC on the Eel shelf consists primarily of discrete wood fragments associated with coarse-silt- and sandsized particles, and of organic matter strongly bound to clay-sized mineral grains. The clay fraction is a particularly sensitive recorder of environmental change in the Eel system. Above the 1995 horizon, the clay fraction shows an abrupt decrease in OC concentration and loading (OC content normalized to particle surface area) attendant with the increased accumulation rate. Kerogen carbon constitutes a relatively constant proportion of the clay-associated OC throughout the similar to2000-year record. Increases in mass wasting and input of bedrock material following the onset of intensive industrial logging in the Eel watershed may have resulted in a lower loading of terrestrial plant OC in the clay fraction deposited after 1955 as suggested by isotopic mass balance calculations.The Eel River is representative of small mountainous watersheds worldwide that deliver a major portion of the sediment and carbon flux to the margins and that have been strongly impacted by land-use change during the past century. Our results suggest that such changes leave a distinctive mark in both the sedimentological and geochemical records preserved offshore. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2004.09.015},
	author = {Leithold, E. L. and Perkey, D. W. and Blair, N. E. and Creamer, T. N.}
}
@article {960,
	title = {On the sedimentological origin of downcore variations of bulk sedimentary nitrogen isotope ratios},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1066},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {The bulk sedimentary nitrogen isotopic composition of two cores from nearby sites on the northern slope of the South China Sea (Site 17940 and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1144) differs by up to >2{\textperthousand} during the last glacial period. Given their close proximity, both core sites are located in the same biogeographic zone and nutrient regime, and it is thus unlikely that this offset is due to a true gradient in surface ocean conditions. In an attempt to resolve this offset, we have investigated the possible effects of two sedimentological parameters that can affect bulk sedimentary δ15N, namely, the variable contribution of inorganic N to bulk N in the sediment and the grain-size dependence of bulk δ15N. We find that neither effect, singly or in combination, is sufficient to explain the significant δ15N offset between the two down-core records. By elimination the most likely explanation for the observed discrepancy is a different origin of both the organic and inorganic nitrogen at each site. This study adds to the growing body of evidence highlighting the complex nature and origin of the sedimentary components in sediment drifts, such as ODP Site 1144.},
	doi = {10.1029/2004PA001081},
	author = {Kienast, M. and Higginson, M. J. and Mollenhauer, G. and Eglinton, T. I. and Chen, M. T. and Calvert, S. E.}
}
@article {1994,
	title = {Solar influence on the Indian summer monssoon during the Holocene},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 535},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {1-4},
	author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Das, Moumita and Anderson, David M.}
}
@conference {1789,
	title = {Source, timing and depositional environments of Paleochannel incision and infill on the New Jersey Shelf},
	booktitle = {2005 National GSA Meeting},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 638},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Salat Lake City, UT},
	author = {Alexander, C. and Christensen, B. and Turner, J. and Goff, J. and Austin J.A, Jr. and Venherm, C. and Nordfjord, S. and Sommerfield, C. and Gulick, S. and Fulthorpe, C.}
}
@inbook {1443,
	title = {Status of the U. S. canary rockfish resource in 2005},
	booktitle = {Status of the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Through 2005, Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation: Stock Assessments and Rebuilding Analyses},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 539},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Portland, OR},
	author = {Methot, R. and Stewart, I. J.},
	editor = {Council, Pacific Fishery Management}
}
@article {683,
	title = {Subducting oceanic crust: The source of deep diamonds},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2005},
	note = {938hnTimes Cited:65Cited References Count:26},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {565-568},
	abstract = {Inclusions of majoritic garnet in diamonds from the Jagersfontein kimberlite formed at unusually great depths of similar to 250 to > 500 km in the asthenosphere and transition zone. The original host rocks were derived from a much shallower, basaltic (eclogitic) source. The presence of negative Eu anomalies in all majoritic garnets requires a crustal origin, thereby linking these very deep diamond sources to subducting oceanic crust. The carbon isotope values (delta(13)C) of the host diamonds fall within a narrow range at similar to -20\%, which is fundamentally different from the broad range (-24\% to -2\%) and bimodal distribution of carbon isotopes of Jagersfontein diamonds that formed in the shallower lithosphere. This indicates that majoritic garnet-bearing diamonds at Jagersfontein inherited their light carbon isotopic composition directly from organic matter contained in a subducting slab. These diamonds were likely formed by direct conversion from graphite, well within the diamond stability field.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G21637.1},
	author = {Tappert, R. and Stachel, T. and Harris, J. W. and Muehlenbachs, K. and Ludwig, T. and Brey, G. P.}
}
@inbook {1392,
	title = {Submerged paleoshorelines in the southern and western Black Sea - implications for inundated prehistoric archaeological sites},
	booktitle = {The Black Sea Flood Questions: Changes in Coastline, Climate, and Human Settlement},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1058},
	month = {2005},
	publisher = {Springer, Dordrecht},
	organization = {Springer, Dordrecht},
	address = {The Netherlands},
	author = {Coleman, Dwight F. and Ballard, Robert D.},
	editor = {V, Yanko-Hombach}
}
@article {1996,
	title = {The supply and preservation of ancient and modern components of organic carbon on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf of the Arctic Ocean},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 757},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {53-73},
	author = {Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Yunker, M. B. and Macdonald, R. W. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@inbook {1416,
	title = {Sampling Mantle Heterogeneity through Oceanic Basalts: Isotopes and Trace Elements},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geochemistry},
	series = {The Mantle and Core},
	volume = {2.03},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1525},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {61-101},
	publisher = {Max-Plank-Institut fur Chemie; Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA},
	organization = {Max-Plank-Institut fur Chemie; Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA},
	address = {Mainz, Germany; Palisades, NY. USE},
	author = {Hofmann, A. W.},
	editor = {Holland, H. D.}
}
@article {280,
	title = {Sensitivity of present and future surface temperatures to precipitation characteristics},
	journal = {Climate Research},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1696},
	pages = {53-65},
	abstract = {A model simulation study shows that different diurnal cycles of precipitation are consistent with radically different present and future climate characteristics. In projected future climate scenarios, divergence in the time of day and type of precipitation had very divergent impacts on the radiation balance and consequently on surface temperatures. The relationship between the diurnal cycle of precipitation versus the present and future climate was examined using the GISS-MM5 (Goddard Institute for Space Studies Mesoscale Model 5) regional climate modeling system with 2 alternative moist convection schemes. June-August (JJA) mean surface temperatures of the 1990s, 2050s, and 2080s were simulated over the eastern US on a double nested 108/36 km domain, with the 36 km domain centered over the eastern US. In the 1990s, one model version simulated maxima in (convective) precipitation during the early morning, while the second model simulated the hour of precipitation maxima with considerable spatial variability (in better agreement with observations). In the futuristic climate scenarios, differences in the time of day of precipitation had very important impacts on the radiation balance at the surface. One version gave more precipitation at night and fewer clouds during the day, promoting higher surface temperatures. The alternative version created more precipitation during the day, consistent with diminished absorption of solar radiation at the surface and consequently lower surface temperatures. The results demonstrate the importance of improving cumulus parameterizations in regional mesoscale and global climate models and suggest that such improvements would lead to greater confidence in model projections of climate change.},
	doi = {10.3354/cr028053},
	author = {Lynn, Barry H. and Druyan, Leonard and Hogrefe, Christian and Dudhia, Jimy and Rosenzweig, Cynthia and Goldberg, Richard and Rind, David and Healy, Richard and Rosenthal, Joyce and Kinney, Patrick}
}
@book {1373,
	title = {Shoreline Changes on the Elizabeth Islands over the Past 5000 Years},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 715},
	month = {2004},
	publisher = {Cuttyhunk Historical Society},
	organization = {Cuttyhunk Historical Society},
	address = {Cuttyhunk, MA},
	author = {Gaines, Sarah}
}
@inbook {1453,
	title = {Social and economic dynamics on Late Holocene San Miguel Island, California},
	booktitle = {Foundations of Chumash Complexity},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 575},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {97-112},
	publisher = {UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology},
	organization = {UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology},
	address = {Los Angeles},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.},
	editor = {Arnold, Jeanne}
}
@article {686,
	title = {Spatial variations in a condensed interval between estuarine and open-marine settings: Holocene Hudson River estuary and adjacent continental shelf},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {772lcTimes Cited:10Cited References Count:30},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {169-172},
	abstract = {An interval of stratigraphic condensation extending for 300 km from the fluvially dominated Hudson River estuary to the adjacent continental shelf reveals stratal relationships within an unconformity-rellated depositional sequence that are commonly difficult to resolve in seismic reflection profiles and outcrop. High-resolution side-scan sonar and bathymetry, more than 100 sediment cores similar to2 m long, and radioisotope (C-14, Cs-137) age control show that much of the valley was filled by ca. 3 to 1 ka. The present rate of sediment accumulation averages 1 mm/yr, corresponding with a sea-level rise of similar to1.2 mm/yr relative to local bedrock. Condensation is manifested today by sedimentary bypass in most parts of the estuary and by the trapping of available sediment (1.2-5.6 x 10(5) t/yr [metric tons]) along narrow reaches and primarily in the vicinity of the estuarine turbidity maximum, a part of the estuary located upstream of the salinity intrusion similar to25 km from the mouth (3.0 x 10(5) t/yr). Shelf condensation is due to sediment starvation. The condensed interval merges updip with a nascent sequence boundary as the estuary reaches its final filling phase and downdip with the sequence boundary that developed at the Last Glacial Maximum. Delta progradation may take place as available shelf accommodation is filled, but such sediments are expected to be removed once sea level begins to fall. This sedimentation pattern, in which a condensed interval merges with different sequence boundaries, is consistent with the stratigraphic record of the Atlantic margin back to the Paleogene and may be typical of sediment-starved margins.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G20150.1},
	author = {McHugh, C. M. G. and Pekar, S. F. and Christie-Blick, N. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Carbotte, S. and Bell, R.}
}
@article {2009,
	title = {Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of organic compound classes in high molecular weight dissolved organic matter from four U. S. estuaries},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 515},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {2681-2691},
	author = {Wang, X. C. and Altabet, A. M. and Callahan, J. and Chen, R. F.}
}
@article {2050,
	title = {Stable carbon and oxygen isotope records in a Palau sclerosponge},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Suppl. S827th
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0
},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {A474-A474},
	isbn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.010},
	author = {Grottoli, A. G. and Gibb, O.}
}
@article {865,
	title = {Stable carbon isotope ratios in lake and swamp sediments as a proxy for prehistoric forest clearance and crop cultivation in the Neotropics},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {881ycTimes Cited:30Cited References Count:36},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {375-381},
	abstract = {Close correspondence between stable carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C), pollen, and charcoal profiles in sediment cores from Laguna Zoncho and Machita swamp, Costa Rica, shows that prehistoric forest clearance and crop cultivation can be detected in the stable carbon isotope ratios of total organic carbon (delta(13)C(TOC)). Analyses of delta(13)C(TOC) complement evidence from pollen, charcoal, and phytoliths and provide a proxy that is sensitive to the intensity and/or proximity to core sites of prehistoric forest clearance and agriculture in watersheds. Stable carbon isotope analyses are particularly useful in situations in which other evidence of forest clearance and agriculture is limited.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-004-0259-x},
	author = {Lane, C. S. and Horn, S. P. and Mora, C. I.}
}
@article {2024,
	title = {Style, context, and chronology of a wooden canoe model from Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1092},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {301-307},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Johnson, John R. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Gamble, Lynn H.}
}
@article {645,
	title = {Sea-level changes and depositional environments in the Izmit Gulf, eastern Marmara Sea, during the late glacial-Holocene period},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {202},
	year = {2003},
	note = {749gpTimes Cited:52Cited References Count:30},
	month = {Nov 30},
	pages = {159-173},
	abstract = {Offshore and onshore stratigraphic studies, together with high-resolution shallow seismic reflection profiling and multibeam bathymetric mapping, were carried out in the western and central part of the Izmit Gulf. These studies indicate that the Izmit Gulf was a lacustrine environment as part of the Marmara {\textquoteright}Lake{\textquoteright} during the late glaciation and early deglaciation until similar to12 kyr BP, when the Marmara Basin was inundated by the Mediterranean waters. Correlation of C-14-dated onshore and offshore stratigraphic units in the Western Izmit Gulf indicates that generally coarse late glacial sediments overlie a marked erosional surface formed during the low water level of the Marmara {\textquoteright}Lake{\textquoteright}. These coarse sediments are succeeded by 10.4-7 kyr BP old transgressive, and by late Holocene post-transgression mud units. The bathymetry and sub-bottom Chirp profiles clearly show that the paleoshoreline of the Gulf was located at -85 m, having been controlled by the bedrock sill depth of the Canakkale Strait. Another paleoshoreline observed at -65 m on the northern margin of the Western Izmit and Karamursel basins was probably formed during the Younger Dryas sea-level stillstand. The shelf areas during this time were colonized by bioherms, which were subsequently drowned and disappeared after a further rise of the sea level. The presence of a -65 in marine paleoshoreline in the Karamursel Basin indicates that the sill restricting this basin to the west was much deeper than its present -55 in level and was located further south. The Golcuk Basin, restricted by a -38 in sill to its west, was probably not flooded by marine waters until similar to9 kyr BP. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00259-7},
	author = {Cagatay, M. N. and Gorur, N. and Polonia, A. and Demirbag, E. and Sakinc, M. and Cormier, M. H. and Capotondi, L. and McHugh, C. and Emre, O. and Eris, K.}
}
@article {2080,
	title = {Sediment characteristics at selected sites of the Ross Sea continental shelf: does the sedimentary record reflect water column fluxes?},
	journal = {Antarctic Science},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 440},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {133-139},
	author = {Frignani, M. and Giglio, F. and Accornero, A. and Langone, L. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@conference {1785,
	title = {Sedimentology and age control of late Quaternary New Jersey shelf deposits},
	booktitle = {AGU Fall 2003 Meeting},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 636},
	month = {2003},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Alexander, C. and Sommerfield, C. and Austin J.A, Jr. and Christensen, B. and Fulthorpe, C. and Goff, J. and Gulick, S. and Nordfjord, S. and Nielson, D. and Schock, S.}
}
@article {792,
	title = {Soil-productivity relationships and organic matter turnover in dry tropical forests of the Florida Keys},
	journal = {Plant and Soil},
	volume = {253},
	year = {2003},
	note = {702ymTimes Cited:12Cited References Count:46},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {479-492},
	abstract = {Soils and aboveground production in five types of upland forest in the Florida Keys were examined. Throughout the habitat gradient represented by these forest types, the soils were predominantly shallow and organic, forming in place directly on the limestone bedrock. However, the well-drained soils in the most productive broadleaved forests were deep enough to qualify as Histosols (Folists). Soils decreased in electrical conductivity and increased in nutrient content with increasing aboveground production. At 3-12 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1), production was within the range reported for dry tropical forests. Measured rates of decomposition were moderate or fast, and estimates of the organic C turnover of several soils based on their bomb radiocarbon signature were 100 years or less. In the face of these rapid turnover rates, we attribute the development of organic soils to the absence of mineral residues from weathering of the underlying limestone bedrock. Fast turnover of organic matter, and rapid and efficient cycling of nutrients are necessary to sustain the high production rates obtained on these shallow organic soils.},
	issn = {0032-079x},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1024843130866},
	author = {Ross, M. S. and Coultas, C. L. and Hsieh, Y. P.}
}
@article {894,
	title = {Stratigraphic evolution of the late Holocene Ganges-Brahmaputra lower delta plain},
	journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
	volume = {155},
	year = {2003},
	note = {642qaTimes Cited:92Cited References Count:84},
	month = {Feb 1},
	pages = {317-342},
	abstract = {Sediment cores from the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh were examined for sedimentological character, clay mineralogy, elemental trends (C, N, S), and C-14 geochronology to develop a model for the sedimentary sequence resulting from lower delta plain progradation in the late Holocene. A widespread facies succession from Muddy Sand to Interbedded Mud records progradation of shoal-island complexes and the transition from subtidal to intertidal conditions. Mangrove-vegetated islands and peninsulas represent the final phase of progradation; a Mottled Mud that is deposited by penetration of turbid coastal water into the mangroves during high water events. Organic matter preservation is generally low ( < 1\% TOC) in most of these well-drained deposits that are characterized by a permeable, silt-dominated granulometry. Clay mineralogy in the cores records the relative influence of smectite and kaolinite-rich Ganges sediments and illite and chlorite-rich Brahmaputra material. The lower delta plain west of the modem river mouths was deposited as a Ganges-dominated delta in three phases since 5000 cal years BP, with Brahmaputra influence confined to the Meghna estuary area and to the supratidal section of western delta deposits. Evolution of the lower delta plain in the late Holocene was influenced by regional subsidence patterns in the tectonically active Bengal Basin, which controlled distributary channel avulsion and migration, and the creation of accommodation space. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Ganges{\textendash}Brahmaputra, Late Holocene, Stratigraphic evolution},
	issn = {0037-0738},
	doi = {10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00185-9},
	author = {Allison, M. A. and Khan, S. R. and Goodbred, S. L. and Kuehl, S. A.}
}
@article {715,
	title = {Suitability of glycerin-preserved otoliths for age validation using bomb radiocarbon},
	journal = {Journal of Fish Biology},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2003},
	note = {734gqTimes Cited:5Cited References Count:9},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {848-854},
	abstract = {The effect of glycerin storage on the bomb radiocarbon content of otoliths was determined experimentally. Storage in either pre- or post-bomb glycerin had no detectable effect on the bomb radiocarbon content of either pre- or post-bomb otoliths. Therefore bomb-dated age validation studies need not be restricted to freshly-collected samples or dry otoliths, implying that the large numbers of glycerin-archived otoliths around the world are suitable for age validation studies using bomb radiocarbon. (C) 2003 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.},
	issn = {0022-1112},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00174.x},
	author = {Campana, S. E. and Stanley, R. D. and Wischniowski, S.}
}
@conference {1783,
	title = {Sea level rise in Long Island Sound over the last millennium},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference AGU Fall meeting},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 728},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Groton, CT San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@article {2098,
	title = {Separating natural and bomb-produced radiocarbon in the ocean: The potential alkalinity method},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2002},
	note = {646xuTimes Cited:44
Cited References Count:35
},
	month = {Dec 3},
	abstract = {[1] The use of radiocarbon (Delta(14)C) as a tracer for oceanic processes generally requires differentiation of naturally occurring radiocarbon from the bomb component produced by atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. We present a new separation method based on the strong linear correlation between Delta(14)C and potential alkalinity. Unlike previous techniques the new algorithm is applicable at all latitudes. Additionally, the potential alkalinity method provides an estimate of surface ocean prebomb Delta(14)C concentrations. Predictions with the technique appear to be unbiased and have uncertainties which are less than previous techniques.},
	keywords = {bomb-produced radiocarbon, CO2, indian-ocean, inventory, natural radiocarbon, pacific-ocean, potential alkalinity method, radiocarbon inventory, radiocarbon separation, silicate method, thermocline, ventilation, woce},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2001GB001432},
	author = {Rubin, S. I. and Key, R. M.}
}
@article {618,
	title = {The Shandong mud wedge and post-glacial sediment accumulation in the Yellow Sea},
	journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2002},
	note = {538tcTimes Cited:56Cited References Count:34},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {212-218},
	abstract = {Two well-defined deltaic sequences in the Bohai Sea and in the South Yellow Sea represent post-glacial accumulation of Yellow River-derived sediments. Another prominent depocenter on this epicontinental shelf, a pronounced clinoform in the North Yellow Sea, wraps around the northeastern and southeastern end of the Shandong Peninsula, extending into the South Yellow Sea. This Shandong mud wedge is 20 to 40 m thick and contains an estimated 300 km(3) of sediment. Radiocarbon dating, shallow seismic profiles, and regional sea-level history suggest that the mud wedge formed when the rate of post-glacial sea-level rise slackened and the summer monsoon intensified, at about 11 ka. Geomorphic configuration and mineralogical data indicate that present-day sediment deposited on the Shandong mud wedge comes not only from the Yellow River but also from coastal erosion and local rivers. Basin-wide circulation in the North Yellow Sea may transport and redistribute fine sediments into and out of the mud wedge.},
	issn = {0276-0460},
	doi = {10.1007/s00367-001-0083-5},
	author = {Liu, J. P. and Milliman, J. D. and Gao, S.}
}
@article {735,
	title = {Shelf record of climatic changes in flood magnitude and frequency, north-coastal California},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2002},
	note = {551ucTimes Cited:46Cited References Count:34},
	month = {May},
	pages = {395-398},
	abstract = {Continental-shelf deposits off the Eel River, north-coastal California, document a recent increase in the magnitude and frequency of major hydrologic floods (greater than or equal to10 yr recurrence interval). The shelf record reveals a sudden, three-fold increase in sedimentation rate ca. 1954 and a concomitant increase in the frequency of preserved flood beds. Comparison of sedimentary and river-discharge records reveals that major floods after ca. 1950 had a more pronounced effect on coastal sediment delivery and accumulation offshore than previous recorded events of similar magnitude, and that stratigraphic preservation of flood events is highly dependent on flood frequency and net sedimentation rate. We contend that this change in marine sedimentation is a response to documented climatic phenomena that have increased the frequency of major floods throughout the western United States during the past half century, together with intrabasinal impacts of extreme floods in 1955 and 1964. Anthropogenic increase in watershed-sediment production is a probable secondary factor.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0395:Srocci>2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K. and Drake, D. E. and Wheatcroft, R. A.}
}
@article {985,
	title = {Slip rates of the Karakorum fault, Ladakh, India, determined using cosmic ray exposure dating of debris flows and moraines},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2002},
	note = {634wuTimes Cited:104Cited References Count:72},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {ESE 7-1{\textendash}ESE 7-13},
	abstract = {We measure an average slip rate of 4+/-1 mm yr(-1) along the Karakorum fault, heretofore considered one of Earth{\textquoteright}s greatest strike-slip faults and thought by many to play a key role in Asian deformation kinematics. Levees of a debris flow, and contours of the fan on which it was deposited, have been displaced 40+/-5 m. Concentrations of Be-10 in boulders from the debris flow yield ages of 11-14 ka, implying a slip rate of 4+/-1 mm yr(-1) during that period. A fresher debris flow has been offset 2-2.5 m since 1-2 ka, implying the occurrence of an earthquake with Msimilar to7 since that time. Concentrations of Be-10 in boulders on the crest of the most extensive moraine near Leh imply that the most recent major glacial advance occurred at 90+/-15 ka. This is consistent with the inference of others that alpine glaciers in this region have not necessarily expanded in concert with Northern Hemisphere continental ice sheets. If features, including lateral moraines, that Liu inferred to have been offset 300-350 m by the Karakorum fault date from the same period, they too imply a slip rate of 3-4 mm yr(-1). This slip rate is comparable to rates of extension across grabens within Tibet. With recent evidence that slip along the Altyn Tagh fault occurs at similar to10 mm yr(-1), our rate suggests that slip along the boundaries of Tibet is not significantly more rapid than extension within the plateau. Hence, plate tectonics, in the strictest sense, ought not be applied to Tibet, because Tibet does not behave as a rigid plate.},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2000JB000100},
	author = {Brown, E. T. and Bendick, R. and Bourles, D. L. and Gaur, V. and Molnar, P. and Raisbeck, G. M. and Yiou, F.}
}
@article {700,
	title = {Spatial and temporal offsets between proxy records in a sediment drift},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {298},
	year = {2002},
	note = {612mqTimes Cited:147Cited References Count:38},
	month = {Nov 8},
	pages = {1224-1227},
	abstract = {Chronologies for Late Quaternary marine sediment records are usually based on radiocarbon ages of planktonic foraminifera. Signals carried by other sedimentary components measured in parallel can provide complementary paleoclimate information. A key premise is that microfossils and other indicators within a given sediment horizon are of equal age. We show here that haptophyte-derived alkenones isolated from Bermuda Rise drift sediments are up to 7000 years older than coexisting planktonic foraminifera. This temporal offset, which is apparently due to lateral transport of alkenones on fine-grained particles from the Nova Scotian margin, markedly influences molecular estimates of sea surface temperatures. More broadly, the observation raises questions about both the temporal and the geographic delity of paleoenvironmental records encoded by readily transported components of sediments.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1075287},
	author = {Ohkouchi, N. and Eglinton, T. I. and Keigwin, L. D. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@conference {1796,
	title = {Stable carbon isotope record in a Palau Sclerosponge},
	booktitle = {Fall AGU},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 657},
	month = {2002},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Grottoli, A. G.}
}
@article {2122,
	title = {Stable chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions of selected semi-volatile organochlorine compounds},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2002},
	note = {545bnTimes Cited:41
Cited References Count:25
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {437-444},
	abstract = {To assess whether the isotopic composition of semi-volatile organochlorine compounds (SVOCs) may be a useful tool, we measured the bulk delta(37)Cl and delta(13)C values of several pesticides and Aroclor mixtures from different suppliers. Overall, the delta(37)Cl and delta(13)C values ranged from -5.10 to + 1.22\% and -31.63 to -22.39\%, respectively. These values are narrower than the ranges observed previously for volatile organic contaminants (VOCs). In particular, the isotopic compositions of the Aroclor mixtures were very tightly constrained for both chlorine and carbon, We also observed that SVOCs synthesized from hexachlorocyclopentadiene had the most enriched delta(37)Cl values. These data provide a baseline for future work employing isotope ratios to study the environmental fate of SVOCs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {aroclors, fractionation, hydrocarbons, intrinsic bioremediation, samples, solvents, trichloroethene},
	isbn = {0146-6380},
	author = {Drenzek, N. J. and Tarr, C. H. and Eglinton, T. I. and Heraty, L. J. and Sturchio, N. C. and Shiner, V. J. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {897,
	title = {Stable isotope composition of Littoridina australis from the coast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during Holocene climatic fluctuations},
	journal = {Geobios},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2002},
	note = {563lxTimes Cited:9Cited References Count:27},
	month = {Jan-Feb},
	pages = {79-88},
	abstract = {Stable isotope (carbon and oxygen) analyses were performed on Littoridina australis shells collected from molluscan concentrations within Holocene littoral deposits along the Bonaerensian coastal area of Argentina (south-western Atlantic). Isotope data allow us to define two very different areas: the Samborombon Bay, where isotope composition of shells was mainly governed by mixing between marine and freshwater, and the Mar Chiquita lagoon, where the original brackish environment was dominated by evaporation of water that originated high isotope shell values. In both areas some isotope profiles show short and quite large oscillations in delta(18)O. Their origin may be tentatively explained as due to the changes in moisture regime that control freshwater supply. The results suggest that these deposits can represent natural archives potentially useful for palaeoclimate reconstruction. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Argentina, Holocene, Littoridina australis, Molluscs, Palaeoenvironments, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {0016-6995},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00011-6},
	author = {Aguirre, M. L. and Zanchetta, G. and Fallick, A. E.}
}
@article {702,
	title = {Super ENSO and global climate oscillations at millennial time scales},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {297},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Stott, LowellPoulsen, ChristopherLund, SteveThunell, Roberteng2002/07/13 10:00Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):222-6.},
	month = {Jul 12},
	pages = {222-6},
	abstract = {The late Pleistocene history of seawater temperature and salinity variability in the western tropical Pacific warm pool is reconstructed from oxygen isotope (delta18O) and magnesium/calcium composition of planktonic foraminifera. Differentiating the calcite delta18O record into components of temperature and local water delta18O reveals a dominant salinity signal that varied in accord with Dansgaard/Oeschger cycles over Greenland. Salinities were higher at times of high-latitude cooling and were lower during interstadials. The pattern and magnitude of the salinity variations imply shifts in the tropical Pacific ocean/atmosphere system analogous to modern El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). El Nino conditions correlate with stadials at high latitudes, whereas La Nina conditions correlate with interstadials. Millennial-scale shifts in atmospheric convection away from the western tropical Pacific may explain many paleo-observations, including lower atmospheric CO2, N2O, and CH4 during stadials and patterns of extratropical ocean variability that have tropical source functions that are negatively correlated with El Nino.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1071627},
	author = {Stott, L. and Poulsen, C. and Lund, S. and Thunell, R.}
}
@article {1489,
	title = {The search for early shell middens on San Miguel Island, California},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 331},
	month = {2001},
	institution = {University of Oregon},
	address = {Eugene, Oregon},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M.}
}
@article {736,
	title = {Sedimentary evidence of intense hurricane strikes from New Jersey},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2001},
	note = {449elTimes Cited:102Cited References Count:14},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {615-618},
	abstract = {Nine Vibracores from the backbarrier marsh at Whale Beach, New Jersey, reveal three large-scale overwash deposits associated with historic and prehistoric storms. The uppermost and smallest overwash fan was deposited in the Ash Wednesday northeaster of March 5-8, 1962, A second more substantial overwash fan between 100 and 35 cm depth dates to the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century. This fan was most likely deposited during the 1821 hurricane, the only intense hurricane to make landfall in New jersey in the past 350 yr, A third, larger overwash fan between 200 and 300 cm depth was deposited between A.D. 1278 and 1438 and is likely the result of a prehistoric intense hurricane strike. The combination of historical and stratigraphic evidence indicates that two intense hurricanes (winds > 50 m s(-1)) have likely made landfall on the southern New Jersey coast in the past 700 yr, resulting in an annual landfall probability of 0.3\%.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0615:Seoihs>2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Roll, S. and Wengren, M. and Butler, J. and Lederer, R. and Webb, T.}
}
@conference {1787,
	title = {A Silent Tandetron AMS System},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st SNEAP},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1680},
	month = {2001},
	publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
	organization = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
	address = {Julich, Germany},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@article {2134,
	title = {A solid state 13C NMR study of kerogen degradation during black shale weathering},
	journal = {Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 277},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {1867-1882},
	author = {Petsch, S. T. and Smernik, R. J. and Eglinton, T. I. and Oades, J. M.}
}
@conference {1799,
	title = {Stratigraphic Development of a Northeastern South Carolina Barrier Island: Waites Island},
	booktitle = {Geological Society of America National Meeting, Abstracts with Program},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1410},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {193},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	author = {Wright, E. and Harris, M. S. and Sapp, A. and Lewis, K. and Kruse, S. and Edgar, T.}
}
@article {1488,
	title = {Stratigraphy, paleoceanography, chronology, and paleoenvironment during deglaciation of eastern Maine, Report},
	volume = {242},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1333},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {215},
	institution = {Geological Society of America},
	address = {Boulder, CO},
	author = {Dorion, C. C. and Balco, G. and Kaplan, M. R. and Kreutz, K. J. and Wright, J. and Borns, H. W.}
}
@mastersthesis {1310,
	title = {Studi paleoambientali nel settore Pacifico dell{\textquoteright}Oceano Meridionale attraverso indagini geochimiche--thesis},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001},
	school = {Universita di Bologna},
	address = {Balogna, Italy},
	author = {Giuliana, Tino}
}
@article {622,
	title = {Subdivision of glacial deposits in southeastern Peru based on pedogenic development and radiometric ages},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2001},
	note = {452lzTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:51},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {31-50},
	abstract = {The Cordillera Vilcanota and Quelccaya Ice Cap region of southern Peru (13 degrees 30{\textquoteright}-14 degrees 00{\textquoteright}S; 70 degrees 40{\textquoteright}-71 degrees 25{\textquoteright}W) contains a detailed record of late Quaternary glaciation in the tropical Andes, Quantification of soil development on 19 moraine crests and radiocarbon ages are used to reconstruct the glacial history. Secondary iron and day increase linearly in Quelccaya soils and clay accumulates at a linear rate in Vilcanota soils, which may reflect the semicontinuous addition of eolian dust enriched in secondary iron to all soils. In contrast, logarithmic rates of iron buildup in soils in the Cordillera Vilcanota reflect chemical weathering; high concentrations of secondary iron in Vilcanota tills may mask the role of eolian input to these soils. Soil-age estimates from extrapolation of field and laboratory data suggest that the most extensive late Quaternary glaciation occurred >70,000 yr B.P. This provides one of the first semiquantitative age estimates for maximum ice extent in southern Peru and is supported by a minimum-limiting age of similar to 41,520 C-14 yr B.P. A late glacial readvance culminated similar to 16,650 cal yr B.P. in the Cordillera Vilcanota, Following rapid deglaciation of unknown extent, an advance of the Quelccaya Ice Cap occurred between similar to 13,090 and 12,800 cal yr B.P., which coincides approximately with the onset of the Younger Dryas cooling in the North Atlantic region. Moraines deposited <394 cal yr B.P. in the Cordillera Vilcanota and <300 cal yr B.P. on the west side of the Quelccaya Ice Cap correlate with Little Ice Age moraines of other regions. (C) 2001 University or Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.2001.2221},
	author = {Goodman, A. Y. and Rodbell, D. T. and Seltzer, G. O. and Mark, B. G.}
}
@article {2184,
	title = {Shared Technologies: Later Stone Age Forager-Farmer Interaction and Metallurgy in the Ituri Rainforest, Democratic Republic of Congo},
	journal = {Azania},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 396},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {107-122},
	author = {Mercader, J. and Rovira, S. and Gomez, P.}
}
@article {815,
	title = {The significance of large sediment supply, active tectonism, and eustasy on margin sequence development: Late Quaternary stratigraphy and evolution of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta},
	journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
	volume = {133},
	year = {2000},
	note = {337jeTimes Cited:203Cited References Count:63},
	month = {Jun 15},
	pages = {227-248},
	abstract = {Borehole data from the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta system unveil an intriguing Late Quaternary history controlled by immense sediment discharge, tectonics, and eustasy. Sea level first intersected a major portion of the lowstand surface similar to 10,000-11,000 cal yr BP, marking the onset of sediment trapping and delta growth. Despite rapid sea-level rise (>1 cm/yr), sediment load was sufficient to maintain relative shoreline stability during this time. By similar to 7000 cal yr BP, accommodation was quickly infilled with slowed sea-level rise, leading to upstream channel migration and widespread dispersal of sands. This forced coastal progradation along the western delta front where the Ganges was situated, and much of the river{\textquoteright}s fine-grained discharge bypassed the subaerial delta and formed a prograding deltaic clinoform on the shelf. Concurrently, Brahmaputra sediments were sequestered to an inland tectonic basin, thus starving the adjacent shoreline and leading to transgression along the eastern delta. By similar to 5000 cal yr BP, the two rivers had migated or changed course to discharge along the eastern delta shoreline which began to prograde into what is now the modern river-mouth estuary. Present delta configuration appears to have developed by similar to 3000 cal yr BP. Evolution of the tectonically active Ganges-Brahmaputra (G-B) system reveals important similarities and differences with other deltas. Overall facies succession follows that of basic models, progressing from an alluvial valley to coastal marine delta front to a prograding subaerial delta plain. However, the timing, thickness, and controls of these deposits differ. Immense sediment discharge from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers allowed initial delta growth 2000-3000 yr earlier than the global average, despite debouching onto a canyon-incised, high-energy margin. Subsequently, a thick (similar to 50 m) transgressive systems tract was formed during the early Holocene phase of delta aggradation, contrasting with extensive shoreline retreat documented along most margins. Highstand progradation of coastal and shelf sequences ensued by the middle Holocene, but subsiding inland basins also favored accumulation of a thick (to 40 m) highstand sequence in the: lower floodplains. Unlike many other delta systems, subsidence in the subaerial G-B delta is not dominated by compaction, but rather by plate-driven tectonic processes that generate rates up to 4 mm/year. Overall, the huge sediment load, tectonic subsidence, major seismic events, and a nearshore canyon system have led to widespread sediment dispersal and sequence formation across the subaerial delta, shelf, and deep-sea Bengal Fan throughout the Late Quaternary. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0037-0738},
	doi = {10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00041-5},
	author = {Goodbred, S. L. and Kuehl, S. A.}
}
@conference {1788,
	title = {Sonota Complex Sites in Eastern North Dakota},
	booktitle = {2000 Plains Conference, 58th Annual Meeting of the Plains Anthropological Society},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 205},
	month = {2000},
	address = {St. Paul, MN},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L. and Jackson, Michael A.}
}
@mastersthesis {1327,
	title = {Sources, distribution and transformations of PAH in the Gulf of Triests (northern Adriatic), Thesis},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {105},
	school = {University of Ljubljana, Slovenia},
	address = {Ljubljana, Slovenia},
	author = {Notar, M.}
}
@article {893,
	title = {Stable- and radio-carbon isotopic composition of porewater DOC in an organic-rich marine sediment},
	journal = {EOS},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1438},
	author = {Alperin, M. J. and Hee, C. A. and Albert, D. A. and Martens, C. S.}
}
@inbook {1408,
	title = {Stable carbon isotope record of middle to late Holocene climate changes from land snail shells at HInds Cave, Texas (Book Section)},
	booktitle = {Holocene Environmental Change on the Great Plains of North America},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 175},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {47-60},
	publisher = {Quaternary Internation},
	organization = {Quaternary Internation},
	author = {Goodfriend, G. A. and Ellis, G. L.},
	editor = {Wolfe, S.}
}
@article {636,
	title = {Stable chlorine isotopic compositions of aroclors and aroclor-contaminated sediments},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2000},
	note = {330rcTimes Cited:39Cited References Count:16},
	month = {Jul 1},
	pages = {2866-2870},
	abstract = {An exploratory investigation was conducted to evaluate if stable chlorine isotopic ratios of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) could be useful in studying the processes that determine their transport and fate in the environment First, we determined the variability of delta(37)Cl in the source materials for PCBs. Second, we determined if the delta(37)Cl values of contaminated environmental samples fell outside the range in source variability. The isotopic variability among the source materials (Aroclors) was rather small; delta(37)- Cl values ranged from -3.37 to -2.11\% (mean and standard deviation, -2.78 +/- 0.39\%, n = 12). There was no correlation between the delta(37)Cl values and percentages of chlorine in the mixtures. We also found very similar values in several Clophen mixtures and one Phenoclor. The delta(37)Cl values in the total PCBs isolated from Aroclor-contaminated sediments from the Hudson River, New Bedford Harbor, and Turtle River Estuary ranged from -4.54 to -2.25\% (n = 19). While most of the delta(37)Cl values were within 2 standard deviations of the mean Aroclor value (our assumed estimate for overall source variability), two of the PCB contaminated sediment samples from New Bedford Harbor did appear to be isotopically distinct. The PCBs in these sediments had lower amounts of less chlorinated congeners (when compared to the source material) and were likely isotopically affected by alteration processes that preferentially removed these congeners. Compound specific measurements of two congeners in Aroclor 1268 suggest that there are no large congener-specific differences in the stable chlorine isotope ratios in Aroclors. This study shows that the delta(37)Cl Values of PCBs may be a potentially useful diagnostic tool in studying the transport and fate of PCBs and indicates that additional research is warranted.},
	issn = {0013-936x},
	doi = {10.1021/es9908220},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Heraty, L. J. and Holt, B. D. and Sturchio, N. C. and Eglinton, T. I. and Drenzek, N. J. and Xu, L. and Lake, J. L. and Maruya, K. A.}
}
@conference {1798,
	title = {Status of the WOCE tracer synthesis effort, Invited presentation},
	booktitle = {WOCE Data Products Committee Meeting 13},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1457},
	month = {2000},
	address = {College Station, TX},
	author = {Key, R. M.}
}
@article {898,
	title = {Systematics, distributional and palaeoenvironmental aspects of Littoridina australis(D{\textquoteright}Orbigny, 1835) (Mesogastropoda) in the Marine Quaternary of Argentina (South America)},
	journal = {Geobios},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1372},
	chapter = {569-597},
	abstract = {LittoridinaSouleyet, 1852 (Mesogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) is the best represented genus among themolluscan taxa recorded in the marine late Quaternary from Argentina. It is distinguished by its ubiquity and high abundance along the coastal area from R{\'\i}o de La Plata down to southern Buenos Aires Province, both in beach ridge and coastal lagoon and estuarine facies and tidal flats. It is practically absent in Holocene littoral depositis from Patagonia and a very scarce component of the Pleistocene deposits from the whole Argentine coast. At present it is not recorded along the Argentine Sea or occurs only rarely in scarce quantities and restricted distribution, always associated to marginal marine environments. Most specimens collected from the marine Quaternary are assignable to Littoridina australis (D{\textquoteright}Orbigny, 1835), a dominant species (50-> 80\%) in the Holocene from La Plata down to Bah{\'\i}a San Blas (Buenos Aires Province). Due to the similarity of the original illustrations and of the type material of L. australis crassa, L. isabelleana, L. australis nana and L. conexa with L. australis, these taxa are considered synonyms. L. australis is proposed as a polytipic species with three main morphs (ecomorphs) which represent adaptations to different environmental conditions, mostly of salinty: {\textquoteleft}A{\textquoteright} (wide and short, very scarce, similar to L. charruana and L. conexa), {\textquoteleft}B{\textquoteright} (identical to the lectotypo de L. australis, similar to L. australis crassa; predominant) and {\textquoteleft}C{\textquoteright} (strongly elongated, similar to L. isabelleana and L. australis nana, with variations according to size; scarce). At present {\textquoteleft}B{\textquoteright} is dominant in mixohaline conditions, {\textquoteleft}C{\textquoteright} in polyhaline environments and {\textquoteleft}A{\textquoteright} in oligo-mixohaline sites. The morphological variations observed within the abundant material (fossil and modern), geographically and through time, would be a consequence of the influence over the littoral benthonic communities of environmental and climatic changes occurred during the late Quaternary: A trend was observed towards a major abundance of the morph {\textquoteleft}C{\textquoteright} (polyhaline) in the northern sector of the distribution, Samboromb{\'o}n Bay, and before ca. 5 ka A.P., whilst the morph {\textquoteleft}B{\textquoteright} (mixohaline) predominates in the central and southern sectors of the distribution, Mar Chiquita and Bah{\'\i}a Blanca, and is dominant after ca. 4.5 ka. This in turn would be a response to a progressive decrease of salinity along the littoral zone following the Climatic Optimum (Holocene {\textquoteleft}Hypsithermal{\textquoteright}, >7-5 ka A.P.), in coincidence with the sea-level (and temperature) decreasing trend until the present.},
	keywords = {Hydrobiidae, Late Quaternary, Littoridina australis, Palaeoecology, Southwestern Atlantic, Systematics},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-6995(00)80031-5},
	author = {Aguirre, M. L. and Farinati, E. A.}
}
@article {2228,
	title = {S4I Final report for AMS 14C samples},
	journal = {Ocean Tracer Laboratory Tech. Rep.},
	volume = {99},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 325},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {9},
	author = {Key, R. M.}
}
@article {2208,
	title = {Sedimentary facies analyses as paleohydrological proxies for saline alkes, Central Ebro Basin, Spain. Fourth workshop of the European Lake Drilling Programme},
	journal = {Terra Nostra},
	volume = {99/10},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 383},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {101-106},
	author = {Valero-Garces, B. L.}
}
@article {719,
	title = {Sedimentary organic matter preservation: A test for selective degradation under oxic conditions},
	journal = {American Journal of Science},
	volume = {299},
	year = {1999},
	note = {263rmTimes Cited:194Cited References Count:104},
	month = {Sep-Nov},
	pages = {529-555},
	abstract = {We report here a test of the hypothesis that the extent of organic matter preservation in continental margin sediments is controlled by the average period accumulating particles reside in oxic porewater immediately beneath the water/sediment interface. Oxygen penetration depths, organic element compositions, and mineral surface areas were determined for 16 sediment cores collected along an offshore transect across the Washington continental shelf, slope, and adjacent Cascadia Basin. Individual amino acid, sugar, and pollen distributions were analyzed for a 11 to 12 cm horizon from each core, and (14)C-based sediment accumulation rates and stable carbon isotope compositions were determined from depth profiles within a subset of six cores from representative sites. Sediment accumulation rates decreased, and dissolved O(2) penetration depths increased offshore along the sampling transect. As a result, oxygen exposure times (OET) increased seaward from decades (mid-shelf and upper slope) to more than a thousand years (outer Cascadia Basin). Organic contents and compositions were essentially constant within individual sediment cores but varied consistently with location. In particular, organic carbon/surface area ratios decreased progressively offshore and with increasing OET. Three independent compositional parameters demonstrated that the remnant organic matter in farther offshore sediments is more degraded. Both concentration and compositional patterns indicated that sedimentary organic matter exhibits a distinct and reproducible "oxic effect" OET helps integrate and explain organic matter preservation in accumulating continental margin sediments and hence provides a useful tool for assessing transfer of organic matter from the biosphere to the geosphere.},
	issn = {0002-9599},
	doi = {10.2475/ajs.299.7-9.529},
	author = {Hedges, J. I. and Hu, F. S. and Devol, A. H. and Hartnett, H. E. and Tsamakis, E. and Keil, R. G.}
}
@conference {1784,
	title = {Sedimentological and carbon-isotopic record of late Holocene climate in the sediments of Soda Lake Carrizo Plain, California. Abstracts},
	booktitle = {Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting},
	series = {Session 147},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 224},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {122},
	address = {Denver, Colorado},
	author = {Eigenbrode, J. L. and Pratt, L. M. and Rhodes, D. D. and Arrowsmith, J. R. and Mora, G.}
}
@mastersthesis {1305,
	title = {Sedimentological, carbon-isotopic, and molecular records of late Holocene climate in the sediments of Soda Lake, Carrizo Plain, California. Thesis},
	volume = {M.S., Unpublished},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999},
	school = {Indiana University},
	author = {Eigenbrode, J.L. and Pratt, L.M. and Rhodes, D.D. and Arrowsmith, J.R. and Mora, G.}
}
@inbook {1472,
	title = {A Silent Tandetron AMS System},
	booktitle = {Symposium of North Eastern Accelerator Personnel, October 13-15, 1997, SNEAP XXXI},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1722},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {61-68},
	publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
	organization = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
	address = {Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany},
	author = {von Reden, Karl F. and Schneider, Robert J.},
	editor = {Dworschak, F.}
}
@article {774,
	title = {Similar glacial and Holocene deep water circulation inferred from southeast Pacific benthic foraminiferal carbon isotope composition},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1999},
	note = {179kdTimes Cited:61Cited References Count:90},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {149-163},
	abstract = {We present Holocene and last glacial maximum (LGM) oxygen and carbon isotope measurements on Planulina wuellerstorfi in six southeast Pacific cores. Sedimentation rates are low in this part of the ocean, acid measurements were made on individual foraminiferal shells in order to identify the Holocene and glacial individuals on the basis of their extreme delta(18)O. The new delta(13)C data were combined with previous P. wuellerstorfi data for interpretation of global thermohaline circulation. Data from the Southern Ocean were examined closely for regional coherency and a few anomalous delta(13)C values suspected of having productivity overprint were removed. The resulting global delta(13)C distributions and gradients indicate that the deep water circulation was similar during the Holocene and LGM. This interpretation brings delta(13)C data to a better agreement with Cd/Ca data and marks a sharp contrast with a widely held view based on delta(13)C measurements that the glacial Southern Ocean was the terminus of the thermohaline circulation. The proposed presence of glacial North Atlantic Deep Water does not necessarily contradict the postulated presence of Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/1998pa900028},
	author = {Matsumoto, K. and Lynch-Stieglitz, J.}
}
@article {396,
	title = {Simulated time-dependent climate response to solar radiative forcing since 1600},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {104},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1945; PT: J; UT: WOS:000078242200003},
	pages = {1973-1990},
	abstract = {Estimated solar irradiance variations since 1500 have been used to force the GISS atmospheric GCM coupled to a mixed layer "q-flux" ocean with heat diffusion through the bottom of the mixed layer. The goal is to assess solar-induced climate change in preindustrial and postindustrial epochs. Six simulations and control runs were made to test the effects of different initial conditions, estimates of initial solar forcing conditions, and ocean heat uptake. The results show that an estimated solar forcing increase of 0.25\% accounts for a 0.45 degrees C temperature increase since 1600 and an increase of about 0.2 degrees C over the past 100 years. Global surface temperatures lag solar fluctuations by up to 10 years; the lag is greater over the oceans and so is the correlation due to reduced noise. With only a mixed layer ocean the phase lag is 5 years less. Solar forcing and water vapor feedback each directly account for 35\% of the temperature response, with cloud cover changes contributing 20\% and sea ice/snow cover 10\%. Uncertainty in the initial radiation imbalance or solar forcing affects the surface temperatures for 60-90 years. Modeled and observed periodicities show dominance of long-period forcing (>50 years), as provided by the solar input in these experiments. Tropical temperatures correlate best with solar forcing, due to the influence of water vapor feedback, especially at these multidecadal periods. Sea ice and extratropical temperatures have less long-period power, while high-frequency fluctuations dominate simulated cloud cover variations, which are relatively independent of solar forcing changes. Global and extratropical precipitation increase as the climate warms, but not low and subtropical precipitation, due to conflicting influences of absolute temperature and temperature gradient changes. Solar forcing by itself was not sufficient to produce the rapid warming during the last several decades. A comparison experiment varying trace gas forcing suggests that if the solar estimate is correct, then negative forcing by tropospheric aerosols (and perhaps volcanoes, ozone, and land use changes) has been about -1.2 W m(-)2 since 1700, implying approximately equal contribution from direct and indirect tropospheric aerosol effects.},
	issn = {0747-7309},
	doi = {10.1029/1998JD200020},
	author = {Rind, D. and Lean, J. and Healy, R.}
}
@article {2230,
	title = {The slope water current over the Laurentian Fan on interunnual to millennial timescales},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {286},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 113},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {520-523},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Pickart, R. S.}
}
@article {956,
	title = {Spatial distribution of carbon and oxygen isotopes in laterally extensive carbonate-cemented layers: Implications for mode of growth and subsurface identification},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {69},
	year = {1999},
	note = {A157gxTimes Cited:36Cited References Count:39},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {184-201},
	abstract = {Carbonate concretions and laterally extensive cemented layers are common features in the Prairie Canyon Member of the Mancos Shale at its type locality in western Colorado. Stable-isotope and petrographic data were obtained from these cemented zones in an attempt to determine: (1) how the cemented layers form, (2) whether or not they can be chemically correlated, and (3) if it is possible to differentiate them from concretions in the subsurface. The cement in both the layers and concretions consists of ferroan dolomite and lesser amounts of stoichiometric dolomite and ankerite. Samples for stable-isotope analysis were drilled from 10 grids, with a typical grid spacing of 10 cm x 10 cm, Gridded samples were obtained from two continuous cemented layers at several locations along the layers (2.3 m to 1.5 km apart on the same layer), and from isolated and stratabound concretions,Taken together, all the cements (regardless of spatial position) show a remarkably linear correlation (R-2 = 0.98) between delta(13)C and delta(18)O, Systematic center-to-edge decreases in both delta(13)C and delta(18)O occur in each of the cemented zones and are persistent over lateral intervals of at least 1.5 km, The cores of the cemented zones have positive delta(13)C values (up to > 10 parts per thousand PDB), which result from incorporation of C-13-enriched carbon during methanogenesis. The edges of the cemented zones have negative delta(13)C values (down to < -9 parts per thousand PDB), which suggests incorporation of C-13-depleted carbon from thermocatalytic decarboxylation reactions. Oxygen isotope paleothermometry indicates that precipitation may have started at moderate temperatures (similar to 25 degrees C) and ended at temperatures as high as 92 degrees C,The spatial distribution of the isotopic data in the cemented layers can be explained as resulting from the coalescence of stratabound concretions, followed by growth above and below the coalesced concretions. Such growth may have occurred in a complex: manner, in which early cements precipitated throughout the thickness of the layer but were more abundant in the core zone. Given the lateral persistence of the pattern of isotopic variation in the cemented layers, geochemical correlation of the layers may be possible in the subsurface. In addition, because laterally persistent cemented layers in the Prairie Canyon Member exhibit patterns of isotopic variation different from concretions (layers have a more asymmetrical vertical distribution), it should be possible to distinguish between the two styles of cementation from subsurface core data alone.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.69.184},
	author = {Klein, J. S. and Mozley, P. and Campbell, A. and Cole, R.}
}
@article {1485,
	title = {The speciation and sources of dissolved phosphorus in the Everglades (Report)},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1348},
	month = {1999},
	author = {Copper, W. and Hsieh, Y. P. and Landing, W. M. and Proctor, L. and Salters, V. and Wang, Y.}
}
@conference {1797,
	title = {Stable isotope and trace element composition of ostracodes from Lake Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1366},
	month = {1999},
	address = {San Francisco, California},
	author = {Ricketts, R. D. and Rasmussen, K. A. and Brown, E. T. and Johnson, T. J.}
}
@article {738,
	title = {Sea level higher than present 3500 years ago on the northern main Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Zg996Times Cited:34Cited References Count:25},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {363-366},
	abstract = {New data from an emerged coastal bench and associated fossil beach on Kapapa Island (Oahu), Hawaii, preserve a detailed history of middle to late Holocene sea level. These include 29 new calibrated radiocarbon ages and elevations indicating mean sea level reached a maximum position of 2.00 +/- 0.35 m ca. 3500 yr B.P. These results correlate with additional evidence from Hawaii and other Pacific islands and provide constraints on Oahu{\textquoteright}s long-term uplift rate (0.03-0.07 mm/yr), previously based solely on Pleistocene age shorelines. Our sea-level reconstruction is consistent with geophysical model predictions of Earth{\textquoteright}s geoid response to the last deglaciation and with observations of increased Antarctic ice volume during the late Holocene.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0363:Slhtpy>2.3.Co;2},
	author = {Grossman, E. E. and Fletcher, C. H.}
}
@article {2274,
	title = {Sea-level rise on eastern China{\textquoteright}s Yangtze delta},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Yt592Times Cited:46
Cited References Count:27
},
	month = {Win},
	pages = {360-366},
	abstract = {The Yangtze delta is a densely populated, low-lying region highly vulnerable to flooding, high tides and typhoons. All previous studies indicated that relative sea level was higher from similar to 7500-4000 yrs. BP, then lowered and stabilized at about present msl during the past 3000 yrs. To the contrary, we find that sea level has been rising relative to the southern Yangtze delta plain based on new sea-level data derived from dated peats, reassessment of earlier sea-level curves and measurement of delta plain subsidence and analysis of prehistoric habitat bases from similar to 7000 to 3000 yrs. BP. Consequences of this relative rise include difficulty in expelling water from the low-lying delta plain to the coast and associated flood damage. Emplacement of the 3-Gorges Dam on the Yangtze will control flooding of the Yangtze river but decrease sediment accumulation on the delta plain that, in turn, is likely to accelerate saline inundation of this vital breadbasket.},
	keywords = {delta flooding, Holocene, neolithic sites, peat, radiocarbon dates, relative sea level, sea-level curve, subsidence, taihu lake, yangtze delta},
	isbn = {0749-0208},
	author = {Chen, Z. Y. and Stanley, D. J.}
}
@article {2276,
	title = {Status Report of the National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: Operations and Recent Developments},
	journal = {15th International Conference on the Applications of Accelerators in Research and Industry},
	volume = {A.I.P. Conference Proceedings},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1647},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {644-647},
	author = {Bellino, M. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and Peden, J. C. and Donoghue, J. and Elder, K. L. and Gagnon, A. R. and Long, P. and McNichol, A. P. and Odegaard, A. P. and Stuart, D. and Handwork, S. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@conference {1800,
	title = {(super 14) C AMS measurements of},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 2239; Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Article; Object type: Conference Paper; Copyright: GeoRef, Copyright 2007, American Geological Institute.; CSAUnique: 1999-044459; AccNum: 1999-044459; ISSN: 0033-8222; CODEN: RACAAT},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {247-253},
	publisher = {University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, United States (USA)},
	organization = {University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, United States (USA)},
	address = {United States (USA)},
	abstract = {The NOSAMS facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has started to develop and apply techniques for measuring very small samples on a standard Tandetron accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system with high-current hemispherical Cs sputter ion sources. Over the past year, results on samples ranging from 7 to 160 mu g C showed both the feasibility of such analyses and the present limitations on reducing the size of solid carbon samples. One of the main factors affecting the AMS results is the dependence of a number of the beam optics parameters on the extracted ion beam current. The extracted currents range from 0.5 to 10 mu A of (super 12) C (super -) for the sample sizes given above. We here discuss the setup of the AMS system and methods for reliable small-sample measurements and give the AMS-related limits to sample size and the measurement uncertainties.},
	keywords = {03, absolute age, accelerator mass spectroscopy, C-14, carbon, dilution, Geochronology, ions, isotopes, mass spectroscopy, precision, radioactive isotopes, sample preparation, spectroscopy, volume},
	author = {von Reden, Karl F. and McNichol, Ann P. and Pearson, Ann and Schneider, Robert J.}
}
@conference {1801,
	title = {Synthesis and modeling of the WOCE radiocarbon data set},
	booktitle = {WOCE Conference},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1443},
	month = {1998},
	address = {Halifax, Canada},
	author = {Key, Robert M.}
}
@article {1031,
	title = {Sedimentology of terrigenous mud from the Orange River delta and the inner shelf off Namaqualand, South Africa},
	journal = {South African Geographical Journal},
	volume = {79},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 218},
	pages = {108-114},
	abstract = {

Sediment cores, from the inner shelf off the Namaqualand continental shelf have been examined using radiographic and grain-size techniques. Size-frequency distributions reveal that the sediments are poly modal, with a dominant very fine-silt mode being between 8-4μm, and suggest that the weak, poleward-flowing De Decker Current causes southward dispersal of terrigenous mud off the Orange River mouth. It appears that this current is not strong enough to transport material coarser than very fine silt. Material >63μm in size is rare, but may be indicative of storm events.

Quartz and mica in the sediments are related to the semi-arid climate of Namaqualand, where they are entrained by adiabatic Berg winds moving offshore from the interior. Sponge spicules indicate the presence of filter-feeding animals (epifauna). Planktonic foraminifera may be indicative of relatively high productivity associated with nutrient-rich upwelling waters, which support an enormous population of plankton. The presence of faecal pellets is associated with the presence of burrowing infauna. Authigenic gypsum is associated with the presence of anaerobic conditions in the sediments.

Two of the lithofacies identified in these fine-grained deposits are: (a) laminated mud and (b) homogeneous mud. Primary sedimentary structures are present, particularly in the portion of the mudbelt closest to the Orange Delta, where the mud is well laminated. Laminations decrease in abundance southward from the delta, where the muddy sediment is increasingly bioturbated (burrowed) by infauna, probably by polychaete worms.
},
	doi = {10.1080/03736245.1997.9713632},
	author = {Mabote, M. and Rogers, J. and Meadows, M. E.}
}
@article {760,
	title = {Source and contribution of terrigenous organic carbon to surface sediments in the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {389},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Xw772Times Cited:194Cited References Count:30},
	month = {Sep 18},
	pages = {275-278},
	abstract = {The sources and burial professes of organic matter in marine sediments are not well understood, yet they are important if we are to have a better understanding of the global carbon cycle(1). In particular, the nature and fraction of the terrestrial organic carbon preserved in marine sediments is poorly constrained. Here we use the chemical and stable carbon isotope signatures of oxidation products from a macromolecular component (lignin)(2) of the terrigenous organic matter preserved in offshore surface sediments in the Gulf of Mexico to complement similar data from an existing onshore transect(3) in this region. The complete onshore-offshore data set, along with radiocarbon dates of the bulk organic material at the same sites, allows the differentiation of material originating from plants that photosynthesize using the C-4 mechanism from those that undergo C-3 photosynthesis. We conclude that the offshore lignins derive from erosion of the extensive grassland (C-4) soils Of the Mississippi River drainage basin, and that the nearshore lignins originate largely from C-3 plant detritus from coastal forests and swamps, This distribution is probably due to the hydrodynamic sorting of the different source materials(4) during their seaward transport, These results suggest that previous studies(3,5) have significantly underestimated the terrigenous fraction of organic matter in offshore sediments by not recognizing the contribution of C-4 vegetation to the carbon-isotope composition. Such an underestimate may force revisions in the assessment of past marine primary productivity and associated organic carbon fluxes(6), and of organic matter preservation/remineralization(7) and nutrient cycling(8) in marine sediments.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/38477},
	author = {Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Ruttenberg, K. C. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {743,
	title = {Stratigraphic evolution of the inner continental shelf in response to late Quaternary relative sea-level change, northwestern Gulf of Maine},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {109},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Wy671Times Cited:38Cited References Count:65},
	month = {May},
	pages = {612-630},
	abstract = {Accumulations of deltaic and littoral sediments on the inner continental shelf of Maine, Gulf of Maine, preserve a record of postglacial sea-level changes and shoreline migrations, The depositional response of coastal environments to a cycle of regression, lowstand, and transgression was examined with seismic-reflection profiles, vibracores, and radiocarbon dates collected from sediments at the mouths of the Kennebec and Penobscot Rivers, Sequence-stratigraphic analysis of these data reveals two distinctly different successions of late Quaternary deposits that represent end members in an evolutionary model for this glaciated coast. Seaward of the Kennebec River, coarse-grained shorelines with foreset beds occur at depths of 20-60 m and outline the lobate margin of the Kennebec River paleodelta, a complex, rock-framed accumulation of glaciomarine and deltaic sediments capped by estuarine and marine deposits, Sand derived from this system today supports large barrier spits and extensive salt marshes, In contrast, the mouth of the Penobscot River is characterized by thick deposits of glaciomarine mud overlain by marine mud of Holocene age, including gas-charged zones that have locally evolved into fields of pockmarks, The distinct lark of sand and gravel seaward of the Penobscot River and its abundance seaward of the Kennebec River probably reflect differences in sediment som ces and the physiography of the two watersheds, The contrasting stratigraphic framework of the se systems demonstrates the importance of understanding local and regional differences in sediment supply, sea-level change, bedrock structure, and exposure to waves and tides in older to model river-mouth deposition on glaciated coasts.Evolution of shelf deposits was largely controlled by relative sea level, which locally fell from a highstand (+60 to +70 m at 14 ka) contemporary with deglaciation to a lowstand (-55 m at 10.8 ka), The sea-level lowering was accompanied by fluvial incision of older deposits, producing a regressive, basal unconformity, Major rivers deposited abundant sediment over this surface, Sea level then rose at varying rates, extensively reworking formerly emergent parts of the shelf and producing a shoreface ravinement surface in areas exposed to waves, A tidal ravinement surface has developed in sheltered embayments where erosion is due mainly to tidal currents. Incised valleys in both settings preserve transgressive estuarine deposits that contain lagoonal bivalves and salt-marsh foraminifera at depths of 15-30 m, These deposits accumulated ca, 9.2-7.3 ka, locally a period of relatively slow sea-level rise.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0612:Seotic>2.3.Co;2},
	author = {Barnhardt, W. A. and Belknap, D. F. and Kelley, J. T.}
}
@article {779,
	title = {Synchronous, high-frequency oscillations in tropical sea surface temperatures and North Atlantic Deep Water production during the last glacial cycle},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Wd891Times Cited:109Cited References Count:63},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {1-14},
	abstract = {Stable isotopic measurements of G. sacculifer and C. wuellerstorfi in a core from the western equatorial Atlantic imply that there are parallel, suborbital oscillations in surface water hydrography and deep water circulation occurring during oxygen isotope stages 2 and 3. Low values of G. sacculifer delta(18)O accompany high values of C. wuellerstorfi delta(13)C, linking warmer sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropics with increased production of lower North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The amplitude of the delta(18)O oscillations is 0.6 parts per thousand (or 2 degrees-3 degrees C), which is superimposed on a glacial/interglacial amplitude of about 2.1 parts per thousand,. Using the G. sacculifer delta(18)O data, we calculate that surface waters were colder during stage 2 than calculated by CLIMAP [1976, 1981]. The longer-period (> 2 kyr) oscillations in air temperature recorded in the Greenland and Antarctic ice cores appear to correlate with oscillations in sea surface temperature in the equatorial Atlantic. The magnitude of these oscillations in tropical SST is too large to have resulted from changes in meridional heat transport caused by the global conveyor alone. The apparent synchroneity of equatorial SST and polar air temperature changes, as well as the amplitude of the SST changes at the equator, are consistent with the climate effects expected from changes in the atmosphere{\textquoteright}s greenhouse gas content (H(2)0(vapor), CO2, and CH4).},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/96pa02413},
	author = {Curry, W. B. and Oppo, D. W.}
}
@article {2310,
	title = {Seasonal oxygen depletion in continental-shelf waters of Louisiana; historical record of benthic foraminifers},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 85},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {227-230},
	author = {Sen Gupta, B. K. and Turner, R. E. and Rabalais, N. N.}
}
@article {2339,
	title = {Seasonal variability of particulate organic radiocarbon in the northeastern Pacific},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {101},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1239},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {20543-20552},
	author = {Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Bauer, J. E. and Williams, P. M. and Griffin, S. and Wolgast, D.}
}
@article {854,
	title = {Sediment dispersal along northern Israel coast during the early Holocene: Geological and archaeological evidence},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {130},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Ue849Times Cited:13Cited References Count:30},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {11-17},
	abstract = {geological and archaeological study of finds at Atlit-Yam, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlement submerged off the Carmel coast of northern Israel, provides new information on sediment provenance and dispersal in the southern Levant. Clay mineral analyses of mud-rich samples collected in a water well (ca. 8100-7550 yrs B.P.) at this site are useful for determining the early Holocene circulation pattern along this margin. Analyses record the predominance of fluvial sediment from proximal Carmel highland sources to the east, as indicated by illite, and of marine sediment from the north and northeast, as indicated by kaolinite. This north-to-south coastal transport is in marked contrast to the present south-to-north dispersal pattern where smectite-rich Nile material is derived from distal sources and carried hundreds of kilometers to the Carmel margin. The interpreted coastal circulation pattern indicates that although the modern Nile delta, major source of sediment in the eastern Mediterranean, had begun to form about 8000-7500 yrs ago, it had not yet begun to supply substantial amounts of sediment to as far north as the Carmel coast by the time the water well was abandoned. The Atlit-Yam site serves as a unique geochronologic gauge valuable for interpreting climatic, oceanographic and sedimentologic conditions in the SE Mediterranean which, as recently as 7500 yrs ago, were markedly different than those prevailing at present.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(95)00167-0},
	author = {Stanley, D. J. and Galili, E.}
}
@article {866,
	title = {Sedimentary carbon-isotope systematics on the Amazon shelf},
	journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Ty588Times Cited:12Cited References Count:33},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {17-23},
	abstract = {Sedimentary carbon systematics on the Amazon continental shelf were investigated using C-14 and delta(13)C measurements of sedimentary organic materials. Mass balance calculations indicate that the C-14 content of modern shelf muds results from burial of old (similar to 5000 yr BP) terrestrial soil carbon and bomb-C-14-enriched marine carbon, implying that most of the bomb-labeled riverine particulate carbon is not buried on the shelf. The C-14 signature of Amazon shelf deposits records the effects of both biogeochemical and sedimentary processes active in this dynamic environment.},
	issn = {0276-0460},
	doi = {10.1007/Bf01218832},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K. and Nittrouer, C. A. and DeMaster, D. J.}
}
@article {869,
	title = {Sedimentology of the Krakatau 1883 submarine pyroclastic deposits},
	journal = {Bulletin of Volcanology},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Uk310Times Cited:57Cited References Count:59},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {512-529},
	abstract = {The majority of tephra generated during the paroxysmal 1883 eruption of Krakatau volcano, Indonesia, was deposited in the sea within a 15-km radius of the caldera. Two syneruptive pyroclastic facies have been recovered in SCUBA cores which sampled the 1883 subaqueous pyroclastic deposit. The most commonly recovered facies is a massive textured, poorly sorted mixture of pumice and lithic lapilli-to-block-sized fragments set in a silty to sandy ash matrix. This facies is indistinguishable from the 1883 subaerial pyroclastic flow deposits preserved on the Krakatau islands on the basis of grain size and component abundances. A less common facies consists of well-sorted, planar-laminated to low-angle cross-bedded, vitric-enriched silty ash. Entrance of subaerial pyroclastic flows into the sea resulted in subaqueous deposition of the massive facies primarily by deceleration and sinking of highly concentrated, deflated components of pyroclastic flows as they traveled over water. The basal component of the deposit suggests no mixing with seawater as inferred from retention of the fine ash fraction, high temperature of emplacement, and lack of traction structures, and no significant hydraulic sorting of components. The laminated facies was most likely deposited from low-concentration pyroclastic density currents generated by shear along the boundary between the submarine pyroclastic flows and seawater. The Krakatau deposits are the first well-documented example of true submarine pyroclastic flow deposition from a modern eruption, and thus constitute an important analog for the interpretation of ancient sequences where subaqueous deposition has been inferred based on the facies characteristics of encapsulating sedimentary sequences.},
	issn = {0258-8900},
	doi = {10.1007/Bf00304436},
	author = {Mandeville, C. W. and Carey, S. and Sigurdsson, H.}
}
@conference {1795,
	title = {Stable and radiocarbon isotope measurements in the Pacific Ocean: Contributions from NOSAMS},
	booktitle = {AGU/ASLO 1996 Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 960},
	month = {1996},
	address = {San Diego, CA},
	author = {McNichol, A. P. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and Key, R. M. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@conference {1794,
	title = {Stable and radio-carbon isotope measurements in the Pacific Ocean; contributions from NOSAMS},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 2240; Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Article; Object type: Conference Paper; Copyright: GeoRef, Copyright 2007, American Geological Institute.; CSAUnique: 1997-047916; AccNum: 1997-047916; ISSN: 0096-3941; CODEN: EOSTAJ},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {79},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States (USA)},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States (USA)},
	address = {United States (USA)},
	keywords = {02D, 07, accelerator mass spectroscopy, C-13/C-12, C-14, carbon, chemical analysis, geochemical indicators, high-resolution methods, Isotope geochemistry, isotope ratios, isotopes, marine geology, mass spectroscopy, National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, NOSAMS, Oceanography, Pacific Ocean, radioactive isotopes, radioactive tracers, sampling, sea water, spectroscopy, Stable isotopes, tracers, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	author = {McNichol, A. P. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and Key, R. M. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@article {2315,
	title = {Stable and radio-carbon isotope measurements in the Pacific Ocean: Contribution from NOSAMS},
	journal = {Supplement to Trans. Amer. Geophysical Union},
	volume = {76},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1266},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {OS79},
	author = {McNichol, A. P. and Key, R. and Jones, G.}
}
@article {2312,
	title = {Surficial geology of the middle and upper continental slope, northern Gulf of Mexico; the important role of episodic fluid venting},
	journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
	volume = {80},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1272},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {1511},
	author = {Roberts, H. H.}
}
@article {1499,
	title = {Sampling Cruise 6, North Atlantic Tracer Release Experiment, R/V Seward Johnson, Cruise 9404},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1754},
	month = {1995},
	institution = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	author = {Ledwell, J. R. and Donoghue, T. and Donoghue, J. and Sundermeyer, M.}
}
@article {855,
	title = {A Sea-Level Rise Curve from Guilford, Connecticut, USA},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {124},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Rl477Times Cited:71Cited References Count:81},
	month = {May},
	pages = {137-159},
	abstract = {High-resolution stratigraphic studies based on sediment chemistry, lithology, macroflora, and benthic foraminiferal assemblages in three peat cores from coastal salt marshes at Guilford, Connecticut, show that coastal marshes are ephemeral environments. Marsh-wide environmental variations were common, and century-long episodes of relative submergence alternated with emergence. Despite about 2 m of relative sea-level rise (RSLR) in Connecticut over the last 1500 years, the marshes have expanded both landwards and seawards, and marsh accretion has been outpaced only marginally by RSLR.We used radiocarbon dating and the level of anthropogenic markers (metal pollution, as dated with Pb-210) in the cores for age control. For most of the last 1000 years the rate of RSLR was between 1.3 and 1.8 mm/yr, but over the last 300-400 years it increased to 2.9-3.3 mm/yr, and has been faster than the accretion rate, especially in the middle marsh. The net-submergence rate or {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}submergence index{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} (ratio of the rate of RSLR and marsh-accretion rate) averaged about 1.15 over the last 1000 years, and increased to about 1.5 over the last 200 years.The rate of RSLR was very sluggish during the early part of the Little Ice Age, but we found a slightly higher rate during the Little Climate Optimum; this excursion is close to the noise level, however. The most significant observation is that RSLR increased strongly around A.D. 1650. The onset of this acceleration falls in the middle to end of the Little Ice Age, and thus preceded the period of modern global warming that started late last century and that has been tentatively correlated with anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(95)00037-Y},
	author = {Nydick, K. R. and Bidwell, A. B. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@article {1500,
	title = {Status of understanding of the saturated-zone ground-water flow system at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, as of 1995, Report},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1285},
	month = {1995},
	author = {Steinkampf, W. C.}
}
@article {856,
	title = {Stratigraphic Evidence of Changes in Amazon Shelf Sedimentation during the Late Holocene},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {125},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Rt489Times Cited:33Cited References Count:65},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {351-371},
	abstract = {Late Holocene sedimentation on the Amazon shelf was investigated using a combination of seismic, sedimentological, and geochronological methods. Piston cores collected in the subaqueous delta region during A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf Sediment Study (AmasSeds) penetrated a regionally traceable (1.25 x 10(4) km(2)) seismic discontinuity, which corresponds to a dense relict-mud reflector overlain by acoustically transparent sediment. Distinct offsets in profiles of wet-bulk density, P-wave velocity, and Pb-210 activity are noted in cores at the reflector horizon (unconformity), signifying a past change in sedimentation conditions on the shelf. Bulk-sediment C-14 dating indicates net depositional conditions for the subaqueous delta from >1800 yr B.P. to 700 yr B.P. and a net erosional phase from about 700 yr B.P. to 100 yr ago. Sedimentological evidence of the erosional phase includes lag deposits and burrows present at the unconformity surface in piston cores. The deposits above and below the unconformity are similar with respect to grain-size parameters and sedimentary structures, suggesting that environmental conditions during the two depositional periods were similar. According to C-14 dates of coastal deposits, the shoreline of Amapa State, Brazil served as a major depocenter of Amazon mud during the erosional phase on the shelf. Pb-210 geochronology indicates that the most recent phase of sediment accumulation in the study area commenced about 100 yr ago, resulting in rapid progradation of topset deposits and burial of relict strata. In the present environment, oceanographic and meteorologic processes cause along-shelf variations in sediment dispersal and depositional patterns, and about 1400 km(2) of the erosional relict deposits are still exposed at the seabed. The short time scales over which Amazon shelf strata respond to changes in the physical environment preclude the influence of relative sea-level cyclicity on recent sedimentation patterns. During the late Holocene, sedimentation and strata formation on the Amazon shelf are linked to fluvial, oceanographic and meteorologic processes that affect sediment supply, deposition and erosion.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(95)00019-U},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K. and Nittrouer, C. A. and Figueiredo, A. G.}
}
@article {784,
	title = {Suborbital Timescale Variability of North-Atlantic Deep-Water during the Past 200,000 Years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Rx409Times Cited:145Cited References Count:39},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {901-910},
	abstract = {We generated similar to 200-kyr-long proxy records of surface and deepwater variability from a subpolar North Atlantic core (V29-202), enabling us to assess the linkage between surface and deepwater changes on suborbital timescales. In particular, we used a benthic delta(13)C record to evaluate the deep water response to Dansgaard-Oeschger temperature oscillations and to Heinrich events, times of massive iceberg delivery to the North Atlantic. We found that the reduction of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production was generally associated with cold or dropping sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as indicated by planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. The NADW contribution to the site did not drop appreciably during Heinrich events H4 through H2, probably because these events followed intervals of prolonged surface cooling already characterized by low rates of NADW production. By contrast NADW reduction appears to have been synchronous with H5. SST rise associated with both Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations and Heinrich events was usually accompanied by increasing NADW strength. In a few cases the NADW recovery appeared to lag the SST rise; however, the apparent delay is most likely an artefact of the sedimentary record (low concentrations of benthic foraminifera). As a result of low benthic foraminiferal abundances during stage 6, the stage 6 benthic foraminiferal delta(13)C record is of lower resolution than the younger part of the record. The stage 6 proxy records for surface hydrography nevertheless reveal millennial-scale oscillations similar to those seen in stage 3. The available delta(13)C data suggest that NADW weakened in association with the cold portions of stage 6 SST oscillations. We also sought to confirm a recent study which concluded that there was little NADW variability during the peak of the last interglaciation, marine oxygen isotope substage 5e (Eemian). Isotope stage 5 was marked by a trend of increasing benthic delta(13)C in V29-202. Rising delta(13)C through isotope stage 5 is also seen in tropical surface water records and at some deep Atlantic sites and may reflect the common derivation of these water masses. Variations of greater than or equal to 0.5 parts per thousand superimposed on this rising delta(13)C trend within substage 5e in V29-202 are so far not evident in tropical feed waters and may therefore indicate that NADW production was weaker during the late than mid-Eemian.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/95pa02089},
	author = {Oppo, D. W. and Lehman, S. J.}
}
@article {2351,
	title = {Systematic decrease of high delta 13C values with burial in late archaean (2.8 Ga) diagenetic dolomite: evidence for methanogenesis from the Crixas Greenstone Belt, Brazil},
	journal = {Precambrian Research},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1589},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {253-268},
	author = {Dix, G. R. and Thomson, M. L. and Longstaffe, F. J. and McNutt, R. H.}
}
@article {2382,
	title = {A Sediment Budget for Southern Lake-Michigan - Source and Sink Models for Different Time Intervals},
	journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Nl348Times Cited:17
Cited References Count:29
},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {215-228},
	abstract = {We have constructed a sediment budget for the southern Lake Michigan basin for sand and for mud during three time periods: the past 100, 5,000, and 10,000 years. For the modern (100-year) sediment budget, accountable sediment sources add up to 93 percent of the calculated sinks. The mud budget has a source deficit of about 40\%, probably due to errors in mu\&sand ratios and (or) to other sources not included in our model, especially erosion of the lake floor, which accompanies bluff recession. Two terms dominate the modem sediment-budget equation: (1) bluff erosion, which is an order of magnitude larger than either rivers or aerosols as a source, and (2) deposition in the deep basin, which is more than two orders of magnitude greater as a sink than suspended sediment transport out of the basin. About half of the sand derived from bluff erosion is deposited in the deep lake; the other half must be deposited in nearshore sand bodies, beaches, and dunes. Despite the uncertainties in our estimates of sediment sources and sinks, the attempt to reconstruct sediment budgets for time intervals of 100, 5,000, and 10,000 years leads to important insights about erosion and sedimentation processes. Bluff erosion is the dominant source of both sand and mud in the basin. The deep lake floor is the primary sink for mud, whereas both the deep lake and nearshore areas are important sinks for sand. On a long-term basis, rates of bluff erosion have progressively decreased and are apparently independent of anthropogenic effects. Rates of sediment accumulation in the lake basin mirror the decrease in rates of bluff erosion for prehistoric time, but have increased markedly since human settlement, probably because of anthropogenic effects on river and aerosolic inputs.},
	keywords = {deposition, erosion, Holocene, lake michigan, sediment budget, sediments},
	isbn = {0380-1330},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Foster, D. S.}
}
@article {2354,
	title = {Sensing plant community and climate change by charcoal-carbon isotope analysis},
	journal = {Ecoscience},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1994},
	note = {V19xpTimes Cited:10
Cited References Count:44
},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {340-345},
	abstract = {Mass spectrometric carbon isotope (delta C-13) analyses of charcoal-carbon found in lake sediments provide evidence of paleoclimate and paleovegetation independent of pollen. By chemically separating the microscopic charcoal-carbon, which originates from upland fires, from total carbon in lake, ocean, or ice cores, changes in C-3/C-4 biomass of upland plant communities can be measured, wet or dry climates identified, and the evolution of specific plant assemblages traced. In the North American Midwest, delta C-13 values of lake sediment charcoal-carbon from Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, U. S. A., document two shifts from C-3 (forests) to C-4 (prairie grasses) plants since deglaciation: an abrupt change at about 8.5 ka (8 500 years BP) and a longer duration change between 6 and 3 ka. A pine-savannah is interpreted for the earlier date while oak-savannah dominated the landscape between 6 and 3 ka. C-4 biomass, which was almost non-existent in the region before 8.5 ka, increased to more than 50\% between 6 and 3 ka. Spruce-tundra parkland evident in the Midwest before about 12 ka contained no C-4 grasses and was probably similar in composition to modern North American tundra-parkland which has no C-4 biomass. The climate inferred from the delta C-13 data compares well with climate inferred from pollen and sediment data from the same core and supports climate model simulations of decreased effective moisture during the middle Holocene in the North American Midwest. The delta C-13 results also suggest future landscape changes should greenhouse-gas warming occurs. Savannah, with increased C-4 biomass, could again become prevalent in the North American Midwest.},
	keywords = {c-3/c-4 plants, midwestern u. s., paleoclimatology, paleovegetation, sediment charcoal, stable carbon isotopes},
	isbn = {1195-6860},
	author = {Winkler, M. G.}
}
@article {797,
	title = {Sources of Urban Contemporary Carbon Aerosol},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Pe258Times Cited:111Cited References Count:45},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1565-1576},
	abstract = {Emissions from the major sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Los Angeles basin atmosphere have been analyzed to determine the amounts of the C-12 and C-14 isotopes present. From these measurements, an inventory of the fossil carbon and contemporary carbon particle emissions to the Los Angeles atmosphere has been created. In the winter, more than half of the fine primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions are from sources containing contemporary carbon, including fireplaces, charbroilers, paved road dust, cigarette smoke, and brake lining dust, while in the summer at least one-third of the carbonaceous particle emissions are contemporary. Using a mathematical model for atmospheric transport, predictions are made of the atmospheric fine particulate fossil carbon and contemporary carbon concentrations expected due to primary source emissions. Model predictions are in reasonable agreement with the measured radiocarbon content of the fine ambient aerosol samples. It is concluded that the high fraction of contemporary carbon measured historically in Los Angeles is not due to local emission sources of biogenic material; rather, it is due to a combination of local anthropogenic pollution sources and background marine aerosol advected into the city.},
	issn = {0013-936x},
	doi = {10.1021/es00058a006},
	author = {Hildemann, L. M. and Klinedinst, D. B. and Klouda, G. A. and Currie, L. A. and Cass, G. R.}
}
@article {2362,
	title = {Subsidence in the Mississippi River Delta - Important influences of valley filling by cyclic deposition, primary consolidation phenomena, and early diagenesis},
	journal = {Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies},
	volume = {XLIV},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1273},
	month = {1994},
	author = {Roberts, H. H. and Bailey, A. and Kuecher, G. J.}
}
@article {996,
	title = {A synthesis of post-glacial diatom records from Lake Baikal},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 16},
	pages = {213-252},
	abstract = {The biostratigraphy of fossil diatoms contributes important chronologic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic information from Lake Baikal in southeastern Siberia. Diatoms are the dominant and best preserved microfossils in the sediments, and distinctive assemblages and species provide inter-core correlations throughout the basin at millennial to centennial scales, in both high and low sedimentation-rate environments. Distributions of unique species, once dated by radiocarbon, allow diatoms to be used as dating tools for the Holocene history of the lake.

Diatom, pollen, and organic geochemical records from site 305, at the foot of the Selenga Delta, provide a history of paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic changes from the late glacial (15 ka) through the Holocene. Before 14 ka diatoms were very rare, probably because excessive turbidity from glacial meltwater entering the lake impeded productivity. Between 14 and 12 ka, lake productivity increased, perhaps as strong winds promoted deep mixing and nutrient regeneration. Pollen evidence suggests a cold shrub {\textemdash} steppe landscape dominated the central Baikal depression at this time. As summer insolation increased, conifers replaced steppe taxa, but diatom productivity declined between 11 and 9 ka perhaps as a result of increased summer turbidity resulting from violent storm runoff entering the lake via short, steep drainages. After 8 ka, drier, but more continental climates prevailed, and the modern diatom flora of Lake Baikal came to prominence.

On Academician Ridge, a site of slow sedimentation rates, Holocene diatom assemblages at the top of 10-m cores reappear at deeper levels suggesting that such cores record at least two previous interglacial (or interstadial?) periods. Nevertheless, distinctive species that developed prior to the last glacial period indicate that the dynamics of nutrient cycling in Baikal and the responsible regional climatic environments were not entirely analogous to Holocene conditions. During glacial periods, the deep basin sediments of Lake Baikal are dominated by rapidly deposited clastics entering from large rivers with possibly glaciated headwaters. On the sublacustrine Academician Ridge (depth = 300 m), however, detailed analysis of the diatom biostratigraphy indicates that diastems (hiatuses of minor duration) and (or) highly variable rates of accumulation complicate paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic reconstructions from these records.},
	keywords = {Climate change, diatoms, Holocene, Lake Baikal, paleolimnology, palynology},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00684034},
	author = {Bradbury, J. Platt and Bezrukova, Ye V. and Chernyaeva, G. P. and Colman, S. M. and Khursevich, G. and King, J. W. and Likoshway, Y. V.}
}
@article {1496,
	title = {Sampling the marine gashydrate reservoir: Assessing the methane inventory, internal dynamics, and potential of methane discharges to the atmosphere. Final progress report},
	volume = {DOEER61010T11},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 59},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {7 pp},
	institution = {California University},
	address = {Davis, CA},
	author = {Paull, C.}
}
@article {929,
	title = {A shell-derived time history of bomb 14C on Georges Bank and its Labrador Sea implications},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {98},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 88},
	pages = {14,577-14,588},
	abstract = {Bomb-produced radiocarbon has been used in the past as an important tracer of ocean circulation and as a valuable tool for calculating CO2 air-sea exchange. However, previous studies of the ocean{\textquoteright}s time-varying bomb 14C record have been confined exclusively to analyzing banded corals, and thus their application has been limited to the lower latitudes. The first time history of bomb 14C from the high-latitude North Atlantic Ocean is obtained from a 54-year-old mollusc specimen, (Bivalvia) Arctica islandica, which was collected live from Georges Bank (41{\textdegree}N) in 1990. The annual growth bands of its shell were analyzed for Δ14C using accelerator mass spectrometry, producing a Δ14C time history from 1939 to 1990. The depleted condition of the Georges Bank bomb 14C signal relative to two coral-derived North Atlantic Δ14C time histories suggests a significant deepwater source for the waters on Georges Bank. Supported by previous work linking the origin of waters on Georges Bank to the Labrador Sea, the Δ14C budget on Georges Bank is modeled as Labrador Sea water, which largely becomes confined to the shelf and partially equilibrates with the atmosphere during a 1-year transit time from the Labrador Sea to Georges Bank. This model is also used to estimate a time history of bomb 14C for the Labrador Sea. Prebomb Δ14C values calculated for the surface Labrador Sea suggest that a greater inventory of bomb 14C has accumulated here than has previously been reported. However, the estimated prebomb average Δ14C (-70.6{\textperthousand}) for this period is nearly identical to the -70{\textperthousand} previously calculated for the prebomb source of North Atlantic Deep Water and is in agreement with Transient Tracers in the Ocean subsurface tritium data from the central Labrador Sea. Deduced variations in the ventilation and/or 14CO2 uptake rates in the Labrador Sea correspond with observed changes in surface salinity of the Labrador Sea, suggesting a reduction in deepwater formation during the late 1960s and 1970s.},
	doi = {10.1029/93JC00785},
	author = {Weidman, C. R. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@article {857,
	title = {Sedimentary Cycling and Environmental-Change in the Late Proterozoic - Evidence from Stable and Radiogenic Isotopes},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Hj963Times Cited:357Cited References Count:100},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1317-1329},
	abstract = {We report C, Sr, and O isotopic as well as selected major and trace element data from Late Proterozoic (ca. 900-540 Ma) marine carbonates in three widely separated basins.  The isotopic and elemental data are used to evaluate effects of post-depositional alteration of Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta-C-13.  Using our present best estimates for unaltered samples, we construct a new delta-C-13-curve for 850 500 Ma marine carbonates using data in this paper and from literature sources.  Delta-C-13 values are high (+4 to +8 parts per thousand) during most of the late Riphean (ca. 900-600 Ma) with brief negative excursions likely associated with glacial periods.  Similarly, in the Vendian delta-C-13 falls sharply (from late Riphean highs) to < -3 parts per thousand around the Varanger glaciation (ca. 600 Ma), and then returns to high values (+4 to +2 parts per thousand) remaining until the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary where the curve drops to a value of about -1 parts per thousand in Lower Cambrian carbonates.  Coupling of the Sr and C isotopic data is used to develop a simple model for evaluating organic carbon (C(org)) burial in Late Proterozoic oceans.  These calculations indicate that C(org) burial rates were lower than present-day values during much of the late Riphean, at the same time that erosion rates were low.  Excess O2 produced by the burial of C(org) was likely balanced by oxidation of reduced hydrothermal fluids and weathering reactions.  Near the time of the Varanger glaciation, C(org) burial rates dropped but quickly recovered and reached a maximum (a factor of 2-4 greater than present day) in Vendian sediments.  High C(org) burial rates were probably driven by high sedimentation rates, and possibly high productivity.  The high C(org) burial rate likely gave rise to a large flux of O2; high values of delta-S-34 in Late Proterozoic marine sulfates suggest that this O2 flux was not balanced by increased sulfate formation.  Further, the Sr-isotopic record indicates that excess O2 was not balanced by oxidation of submarine hydrothermal fluids.  Increased oxidative weathering was probably an important sink for O2; nonetheless, we conclude that a significant and rapid increase in atmospheric O2 occurred in the Vendian.  These results have important implications for environmental changes during the first appearance of an Ediacaran metazoan fauna.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(92)90064-P},
	author = {Derry, L. A. and Kaufman, A. J. and Jacobsen, S. B.}
}
