@article {winkler_were_2022,
	title = {We{\textquoteright}re decoding ancient hurricanes{\textquoteright} traces on the sea floor {\textendash} and evidence from millennia of Atlantic storms is not good news for the coast},
	number = {2022 12 02},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022 11 28},
	abstract = {If you look back at the history of Atlantic hurricanes since the late 1800s, it might seem hurricane frequency is on the rise.

The year 2020 had the most tropical cyclones in the Atlantic, with 31, and 2021 had the third-highest, after 2005. The past decade saw five of the six most destructive Atlantic hurricanes in modern history.

Then a year like 2022 comes along, with no major hurricane landfalls until Fiona and Ian struck in late September. The Atlantic hurricane season, which ended on Nov. 30, had eight hurricanes and 14 named storms. It{\textquoteright}s a reminder that small sample sizes can be misleading when assessing trends in hurricane behavior. There is so much natural variability in hurricane behavior year to year and even decade to decade that we need to look much further back in time for the real trends to come clear.

Fortunately, hurricanes leave behind telltale evidence that goes back millennia.

Two thousand years of this evidence indicates that the Atlantic has experienced even stormier periods in the past than we{\textquoteright}ve seen in recent years. That{\textquoteright}s not good news. It tells coastal oceanographers like me that we may be significantly underestimating the threat hurricanes pose to Caribbean islands and the North American coast in the future.},
	url = {http://theconversation.com/were-decoding-ancient-hurricanes-traces-on-the-sea-floor-and-evidence-from-millennia-of-atlantic-storms-is-not-good-news-for-the-coast-186899},
	author = {Winkler, Tyler}
}
@article {2805,
	title = {What on Earth Have We Been Burning? Deciphering Sedimentary Records of Pyrogenic CarbonWhat on Earth Have We Been Burning? Deciphering Sedimentary Records of Pyrogenic Carbon},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jul-11-2017},
	pages = {12972 - 12980},
	abstract = {Humans have interacted with fire for thousands of years, yet the utilization of fossil fuels marked the beginning of a new era. Ubiquitous in the environment, pyrogenic carbon (PyC) arises from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels, forming a continuum of condensed aromatic structures. Here, we develop and evaluate 14C records for two complementary PyC molecular markers, benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), preserved in aquatic sediments from a suburban and a remote catchment in the United States (U.S.) from the mid-1700s to 1998. Results show that the majority of PyC stems from local sources and is transferred to aquatic sedimentary archives on subdecadal to millennial time scales. Whereas a small portion stems from near-contemporaneous production and sedimentation, the majority of PyC (\~{}90\%) experiences delayed transmission due to {\textquotedblleft}preaging{\textquotedblright} on millennial time scales in catchment soils prior to its ultimate deposition. BPCAs (soot) and PAHs (precursors of soot) trace fossil fuel-derived PyC. Both markers parallel historical records of the consumption of fossil fuels in the U.S., yet never account for more than 19\% total PyC. This study demonstrates that isotopic characterization of multiple tracers is necessary to constrain histories and inventories of PyC and that sequestration of PyC can markedly lag its production.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.7b03243},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b03243},
	author = {Hanke, Ulrich M. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Braun, Ana L. L. and Coppola, Alysha I. and Haghipour, Negar and McIntyre, Cameron P. and Wacker, Lukas and Xu, Li and McNichol, Ann P. and Abiven, Samuel and Schmidt, Michael W. I. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {16,
	title = {A warm and poorly ventilated deep Arctic Mediterranean during the last glacial period},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {349},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {706-710},
	abstract = {Changes in the formation of dense water in the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas [the {\textquotedblleft}Arctic Mediterranean{\textquotedblright} (AM)] probably contributed to the altered climate of the last glacial period. We examined past changes in AM circulation by reconstructing radiocarbon ventilation ages of the deep Nordic Seas over the past 30,000 years. Our results show that the glacial deep AM was extremely poorly ventilated (ventilation ages of up to 10,000 years). Subsequent episodic overflow of aged water into the mid-depth North Atlantic occurred during deglaciation. Proxy data also suggest that the deep glacial AM was ~2{\textdegree} to 3{\textdegree}C warmer than modern temperatures; deglacial mixing of the deep AM with the upper ocean thus potentially contributed to the melting of sea ice, icebergs, and terminal ice-sheet margins.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aaa9554},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/349/6249/706.abstract},
	author = {Thornalley, D. J. R. and Bauch, H. A. and Gebbie, G. and Guo, W. and Ziegler, M. and Bernasconi, S. M. and Barker, S. and Skinner, L. C. and Yu, J.}
}
@article {2584,
	title = {What do benthic ? <sup>13</sup>               C and ? <sup>18</sup>               O data tell us about Atlantic circulation during Heinrich Stadial 1?},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-04-2015},
	pages = {353 - 368},
	abstract = {Approximately synchronous with the onset of Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), δ13C decreased throughout most of the upper (~1000{\textendash}2500 m) Atlantic, and at some deeper North Atlantic sites. This early deglacial δ13C decrease has been alternatively attributed to a reduced fraction of high-δ13C North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) or to a decrease in the NADW δ13C source value. Here we present new benthic δ18O and δ13C records from three relatively shallow (~1450{\textendash}1650 m) subpolar Northeast Atlantic cores. With published data from other cores, these data form a depth transect (~1200{\textendash}3900 m) in the subpolar Northeast Atlantic. We compare Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and HS1 data from this transect with data from a depth transect of cores from the Brazil Margin. The largest LGM-to-HS1 decreases in both benthic δ13C and δ18O occurred in upper waters containing the highest NADW fraction during the LGM. We show that the δ13C decrease can be explained entirely by a lower NADW δ13C source value, entirely by a decrease in the proportion of NADW relative to Southern Ocean Water, or by a combination of these mechanisms. However, building on insights from model simulations, we hypothesize that reduced ventilation due to a weakened but still active Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation also contributed to the low δ13C values in the upper North Atlantic. We suggest that the benthic δ18O gradients above ~2300 m at both core transects indicate the depth to which heat and North Atlantic deglacial freshwater had mixed into the subsurface ocean by early HS1.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014PA002667},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014PA002667},
	author = {Oppo, Delia W. and Curry, William B. and McManus, Jerry F.}
}
@article {174,
	title = {Weathering the storm: Coastal subsistence and ecological resilience on Late Holocene Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Shell Midden Research: An Interdisciplinary Agenda for the Quaternary and Social Sciences},
	volume = {239},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2178},
	pages = {135-146},
	abstract = {Archaeological research on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands has significantly enhanced understanding of the diversity and variability of coastal hunter-gatherers and the shell middens these people left behind. On the Channel Islands, the Late Holocene was a time of substantial population growth, territoriality, and the emergence of social hierarchies. The role of marine and terrestrial climate change, population growth, human environmental impacts, and other variables in driving Late Holocene cultural and ecological developments is a subject of considerable debate. Analysis of faunal remains (especially finfish and shellfish), complemented by human skeletal and stable isotope analyses, from a massive shell midden and village complex (CA-SRI-2) on Santa Rosa Island provides insight into Late Holocene human responses to coastal resource stress and environmental change. Despite significant population growth, the emergence of social stratification, and increased pressure on local resources and ecosystems, these data demonstrate that there is significant continuity in the coastal resources Channel Island peoples exploited through time. These results document the long-term resilience and adaptability of coastal hunter-gatherers, the marine resources they harvested, and Channel Island ecosystems.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2010.06.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618210002363},
	author = {Torben C, Rick}
}
@article {538,
	title = {Were last glacial climate events simultaneous between Greenland and France? A quantitative comparison using non-tuned chronologies RID E-4539-2011 RID A-2643-2010},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1986; PT: J; UT: WOS:000276090800014},
	pages = {387-394},
	abstract = {Several large abrupt climate fluctuations during the last glacial have been recorded in Greenland ice cores and archives from other regions. Often these Dansgaard-Oeschger events are assumed to have been synchronous over wide areas, and then used as tie-points to link chronologies between the proxy archives. However, it has not yet been tested independently whether or not these events were indeed synchronous over large areas. Here, we compare Dansgaard-Oeschger-type events in a well-dated record from southeastern France with those in Greenland ice cores. Instead of assuming simultaneous climate events between both archives, we keep their age models independent. Even these well-dated archives possess large chronological uncertainties that prevent us from inferring synchronous climate events at decadal to multi-centennial time scales. If possible, comparisons between proxy archives should be based on independent, non-tuned time-scales. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0267-8179},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.1330},
	author = {Blaauw, Maarten and Wohlfarth, Barbara and Christen, J. Andres and Ampel, Linda and Veres, Daniel and Hughen, Konrad A. and Preusser, Frank and Svensson, Anders}
}
@article {433,
	title = {Was the Black Sea catastrophically flooded in the early Holocene?},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 866; 399HK Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:56; YY},
	pages = {1-6},
	abstract = {A catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea basin was proposed to have occurred during its reconnection to the ocean in the early Holocene. Possible cultural consequences of the flood include the migration of Neolithic farmers from around the Black Sea towards central Europe as well as the creation of flood myths. Stratigraphic and paleo-geomorphologic information from Danube delta aided by radiocarbon ages on articulated mollusks constrain the level in the Black Sea before the marine reconnection to ca 30 m below the present sea level rather than 80 m or lower. If the flood occurred at all, the sea level increase and the flooded area during the reconnection were significantly smaller than previously proposed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Quascirev.2008.10.012},
	author = {Giosan, L. and Filip, F. and Constatinescu, S.}
}
@article {331,
	title = {Wind-Driven Upwelling in the Southern Ocean and the Deglacial Rise in Atmospheric CO2},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {323},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 835; 417TP Times Cited:18 Cited References Count:69Y},
	pages = {1443-1448},
	abstract = {Wind-driven upwelling in the ocean around Antarctica helps regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the deep sea and the atmosphere, as well as the supply of dissolved silicon to the euphotic zone of the Southern Ocean. Diatom productivity south of the Antarctic Polar Front and the subsequent burial of biogenic opal in underlying sediments are limited by this silicon supply. We show that opal burial rates, and thus upwelling, were enhanced during the termination of the last ice age in each sector of the Southern Ocean. In the record with the greatest temporal resolution, we find evidence for two intervals of enhanced upwelling concurrent with the two intervals of rising atmospheric CO2 during deglaciation. These results directly link increased ventilation of deep water to the deglacial rise in atmospheric CO2.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1167441},
	author = {Anderson, R. F. and Ali, S. and Bradtmiller, L. I. and Nielsen, S. H. H. and Fleisher, M. Q. and Anderson, B. E. and Burckle, L. H.}
}
@conference {1826,
	title = {Western Atlantic intertropical convergence zone variability over the last full glacial cycle, Abstract},
	booktitle = {Eos Trans. AGU 87, Fall Meeting Suppl.},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 558},
	month = {2006},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Drenzek, N. and Hughe, K. and Sessions, A. and Bice, M. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {1975,
	title = {When did oxygen appear in the atmosphere?},
	journal = {Geological Society of America},
	volume = {Abstracts with Programs},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1577},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {Paper No. 11-1},
	author = {Ono, Shuhei}
}
@conference {1827,
	title = {Western Long Island Sound: evidence from diatom studies of eutrophication and environmental change in the 19th centure},
	booktitle = {AERS fall meeting},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 736},
	month = {2004},
	address = {New Jersey Meadowland Commission, Lyndhurst, NJ},
	author = {Cooper, S. R. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Sangiorgio, F.}
}
@article {2108,
	title = {Were glacial iceberg surges in the North Atlantic triggered by global climatic warming?},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {192},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 712},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {393-417},
	author = {Moros, M. and Kuijpers, A. and Snowball, I. and Lassen, S. and Backstrom, D. and Gingele, F. and McManus, J. F.}
}
@article {2104,
	title = {The West Falmouth oil spill after thirty years: the persistence of petroleum hydrocarbons in marsh sediments},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Reddy, Christopher MEglinton, Timothy I
Hounshell, Aubrey
White, Helen K
Xu, Li
Gaines, Richard B
Frysinger, Glenn S
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2002/12/19 04:00
Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Nov 15;36(22):4754-60.
},
	month = {Nov 15},
	pages = {4754-60},
	abstract = {The long-term fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in marsh sediments (West Falmouth, MA) contaminated in 1969 by the spill of the barge Florida was investigated. A 36-cm-long sediment core was collected in August 2000, and sediment extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC). The latter technique is capable of separating 1 order of magnitude more compounds than the former and was used to observe whether any compositional changes in the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) occurred. No evidence of petroleum residues was detected in the top 6 cm (0-6 cm) and the lower 8 cm (28-36 cm) of the core. However, the central sections 16-28 cm) were dominated by a UCM in the boiling range of n-C13-n-C25 alkanes, consistent with a No. 2 fuel oil source. The 12-14- and 14-16-cm sections had the highest concentrations of UCM approximately 8 mg g(-1)). These values are similar to concentrations observed shortly after the spill. Initial GC x GC analysis revealed that only the n-alkanes were completely degraded, and contrary to previous studies, pristane and phytane as well as numerous other branched alkanes are still present in the sediments. These results suggestthatatthis site hydrocarbon contamination will persist indefinitely in the sedimentary record.},
	keywords = {*Accidents, Chromatography, Gas, Environmental Monitoring, Geologic Sediments/*chemistry, Hydrocarbons/*analysis, Massachusetts, Petroleum/*analysis, Ships, Time Factors, Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis},
	isbn = {0013-936X (Print)0013-936X (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1021/es020656n},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12487296},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Eglinton, T. I. and Hounshell, A. and White, H. K. and Xu, L. and Gaines, R. B. and Frysinger, G. S.}
}
@article {966,
	title = {WOCE radiocarbon IV: Pacific Ocean results; P10, P13N, P14C, P18, P19 \& S4P},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2002},
	note = {591keTimes Cited:33Cited References Count:56},
	pages = {239-392},
	abstract = {The World Ocean Circulation Experiment, carried out between 1990 and 1997, provided the most comprehensive oceanic survey of radiocarbon to date. Approximately 10,000 samples were collected in the Pacific Ocean by U.S. investigators for both conventional large volume P counting and small volume accelerator mass spectrometry analysis techniques. Results from six cruises are presented. The data quality is as good or better than previous large-scale surveys. The C-14 distribution for the entire WOCE Pacific data set is graphically described using mean vertical profiles and sections, and property-property plots.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	url = {https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/4097},
	author = {Key, R. M. and Quay, P. D. and Schlosser, P. and McNichol, A. P. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and Elder, K. L. and Stuiver, M. and Ostlund, H. G.}
}
@inbook {1469,
	title = {Woodlands in ancient and modern times in the territory of Sagalassos},
	booktitle = {Sagalassos VI. Report on the survey and excavation campaigns of 1998, 1999 and 2000},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 346},
	month = {2002},
	publisher = {Leuven University Press},
	organization = {Leuven University Press},
	author = {Vermoere, M. and Vanhecke, L. and Paulissen, E. and Waelkens, M. and Smets, E.},
	editor = {Monographiae, Acta Archaeologica Lovaniensia}
}
@article {998,
	title = {Were Rhyolitic Glasses in the Vedde Ash and in the North Atlantic{\textquoteright}s Ash Zone 1 produced by the Same Volcanic Eruption?},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 253},
	pages = {118-1199},
	abstract = {New evidence from North Atlantic deep-sea sediment cores suggests that rhyolitic glass shards in Ash Zone 1 and in the Vedde Ash may not have been produced by the same eruption as has been widely assumed. Our argument is based on (1) a marine ice-rafted deposit approximately 1000 years older than the Vedde Ash contains rhyolitic shards with the same major element chemistry as the Vedde Ash itself and (2) coincidence of Ash Zone 1 with an abrupt increase in discharge of glacial icebergs into the North Atlantic. Hence, we cannot rule out the possibility that Vedde-like rhyolitic glasses were erupted onto Icelandic glaciers before eruption of the Vedde Ash, stored in the glacial ice, then dispersed by icebergs into the North Atlantic and deposited partly or entirely as Ash Zone 1. While not disproving that Ash Zone 1 and the Vedde Ash came from the same eruption, our findings indicate that further study is needed to establish the exact relation between the two ash deposits.},
	doi = {10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00146-3},
	author = {Bond, G. C. and Mandeville, C. and Hoffmann, S.}
}
@article {2175,
	title = {Was it melt-water outflor or ice-sheet discharge? A high-resolution study of ice-sheet discharge from the high-latitude sector of the LIS during the LGM},
	journal = {EOS},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 138},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {S21},
	author = {Rashid, H. and Hesse, R. and Piper, D. J. W.}
}
@article {2186,
	title = {What can paired measurements of foraminifera d13C and sedimentary 231 Pa/230Th tell us about the link between thermohaline circulation and rapid climate oscillations?},
	journal = {EOS},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 169},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {274-275},
	author = {McManus, J. F. and Francois, R. and Marchal, O.}
}
@mastersthesis {1313,
	title = {Warm-temperate to subtropical shallow water carbonates of the southern Gulf of California and geochemistry of rhodoliths (Thesis)},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {327},
	school = {Stanford University},
	address = {Stanford, CA},
	author = {Halfar, J.}
}
@article {758,
	title = {Weaker Gulf Stream in the Florida straits during the last glacial maximum},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {402},
	year = {1999},
	note = {264pcTimes Cited:122Cited References Count:31},
	month = {Dec 9},
	pages = {644-648},
	abstract = {As it passes through the Florida Straits, the Gulf Stream consists of two main components: the western boundary flow of the wind-driven subtropical gyre and the northward-flowing surface and intermediate waters which are part of the {\textquoteright}global conveyor belt{\textquoteright} compensating for the deep water that is exported from the North Atlantic Ocean(1), The mean flow through the Straits is largely in geostrophic balance and is thus reflected in the contrast in seawater density across the Straits(2). Here we use oxygen-isotope ratios of benthic foraminifera which lived along the ocean margins on the boundaries of the Florida Current during the Last Glacial Maximum to determine the density structure in the water and thereby reconstruct transport through the Straits using the geostrophic method-a technique which has been used successfully for estimating present-day flow(3). Our data suggest that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the density contrast across the Florida Straits was reduced, with the geostrophic flow, referenced to the bottom of the channel, at only about two-thirds of the modern value. If the wind-driven western boundary flow was not lower during the Last Glacial Maximum than today, these results indicate a significantly weaker conveyor-belt component of the Gulf Stream compared to present-day values. Whereas previous studies based on tracers suggested that deep waters of North Atlantic origin were not widespread during glacial times, indicating either a relatively weak or a shallow overturning cell, our results provide evidence that the overturning cell was indeed weaker during glacial times.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/45204},
	author = {Lynch-Stieglitz, J. and Curry, W. B. and Slowey, N.}
}
@article {935,
	title = {Water-induced errors in continuous-flow carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Anal Chem},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Leckrone, K JHayes, J MengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.1998/07/17Anal Chem. 1998 Jul 1;70(13):2737-44.},
	month = {Jul 01},
	pages = {2737-44},
	abstract = {Formation of HCO2+ from CO2 and background H2O in isotope ratio mass spectrometers has been examined in detail. The process is troublesome because its product is not resolved from 13C16O2+. The resulting, artifactual enhancement of the mass 45 ion current (and analogous enhancement of the mass 46 ion current by transfer of hydrogen to mass 45 species) can cause systematic errors in analyses of 13C based on measurement of ion current ratios in the mass spectrum of CO2. Such errors are neutralized when isotopic analyses are based on differential comparisons in which ion currents and background water levels are precisely equal during admission and ionization of both sample and standard gases. In continuous-flow systems, however, that requirement is generally not met. The resulting systematic error is proportional to the 18/44 ion current ratio. When the widely used MAT252 mass spectrometer is tuned to yield maximum sensitivity, the constant of proportionality is 26 +/- 2/1000 (i.e., the error will be 0.26/1000 if the mass 18 ion current is 100 times smaller than that at mass 44). Errors can be reduced 5-fold when the ion-source residence time of CO2+ is decreased by use of stronger ion-extraction potential gradients. Under those same conditions, sensitivity is decreased by 60\%. For operation at highest sensitivity, carrier gas dew points on the order of -70 degrees C are required to obtain errors < or = 0.1/1000 for samples yielding mass 44 ion currents of 10 nA. Carrier gas dew points < or = -80 degrees C are conveniently reached by use of a Nafion dryer operated at approximately 0 degree C.},
	issn = {0003-2700 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1021/ac9803434},
	author = {Leckrone, K. J. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {2272,
	title = {Water-level changes in Lake Baikal, Siberia: Tectonics versus climate},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 187},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {535-538},
	author = {Colman, S. M.}
}
@article {1514,
	title = {Western Great Lakes paleoecology study, global climate change initiative. In Holocene Paleoenvironments in Western Great Lakes Parks. Report},
	volume = {Final report},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 130},
	month = {1998},
	institution = {National Park Service \& USGS Biological Resources Div., Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center},
	address = {Columbia, Missouri},
	author = {Winkler, M. G. and Sanford, P. R.}
}
@article {1510,
	title = {Western Great Lakes Paleoecology Study. Report},
	volume = {Interim Report},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 1322},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {71},
	institution = {National Biological Service Global Climate Change Initiative},
	author = {Winkler, M. G. and Sanford, P. R.}
}
@article {2277,
	title = {Western Great Lakes regional paleoenvironmental changes: island and inland contrasts},
	journal = {Ecological Society of America Bulletin},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 1301},
	month = {1997},
	author = {Winkler, M. G. and Sanford, P. R. and Cole, K. L. and Flakne, R. L.}
}
@article {2303,
	title = {Western South Atlantic deepwater hydrography derived from benthic Cd/Ca and stable isotope data},
	journal = {Supplement to EOS},
	volume = {17},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 1269},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {185},
	author = {Horowitz, M. and Oppo, D. W.}
}
@article {967,
	title = {WOCE AMS Radiocarbon I: Pacific Ocean results (P6, P16, and P17)},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 38},
	pages = {425-518},
	abstract = {AMS radiocarbon results from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment in the Pacific Ocean show dramatic changes in the inventory and distribution of bomb-produced 14C since the time of the GEOSECS survey (8/73-6/74). Nearsurface 4C values for the eastern portion of both the northern and southern subtropical gyres decreased by 25-50\%, with the change being greater in the north. Equatorial near-surface values have increased by ca. 25\%. Changes in the 250-750-m depth range are dramatically different between the northern and southern basins. The intermediate and mode waters of the
southern basin have increased by as much as 75\%o since GEOSECS. Waters of similar density in the northern hemisphere are not exposed to the Southern Ocean circulation regime and are significantly less ventilated, showing maximum changes of ca. 50\%.
},
	url = {https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/1918},
	author = {Key, R. M. and Quay, P. D. and Jones, G. A. and McNichol, A. P. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@article {2317,
	title = {WOCE Pacific Ocean radiocarbon program},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Xd080Times Cited:21
Cited References Count:40
},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {415-423},
	abstract = {Fieldwork for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) radiocarbon program was recently completed. Ca. 9000 samples were collected for analysis using both conventional B-counting techniques and the newer AMS technique. The mean uncertainty for the beta analyses is 3 parts per thousand; for AMS analyses, ca. 4.5 parts per thousand.},
	keywords = {sciences-ams-facility},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Key, R. M.}
}
