TY - JOUR T1 - High mitogenomic evolutionary rates and time dependency JF - Trends in Genetics Y1 - 2009 A1 - Subramanian, Sankar A1 - Denver, Dee R. A1 - Millar, Craig D. A1 - Heupink, Tim A1 - Aschrafi, Angelique A1 - Emslie, Steven D. A1 - Baroni, Carlo A1 - Lambert, David M. AB - Using entire modern and ancient mitochondrial genomes of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) that are up to 44000 years old, we show that the rates of evolution of the mitochondrial genome are two to six times greater than those estimated from phylogenetic comparisons. Although the rate of evolution at constrained sites, including nonsynonymous positions and RNAs, varies more than twofold with time (between shallow and deep nodes), the rate of evolution at synonymous sites remains the same. The time-independent neutral evolutionary rates reported here would be useful for the study of recent evolutionary events. VL - 25 IS - 11 N1 - id: 1917; PT: J; NR: 27; TC: 19; J9: TRENDS GENET; PG: 5; GA: 518TW; UT: WOS:000271717800004 JO - High mitogenomic evolutionary rates and time dependency RID B-6647-2008 ER -