TY - CONF T1 - The nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry of Long Island Sound; insights into mechanisms of 15N enrichment in eutrophication-impacted estuaries T2 - ASLO Meeting Y1 - 2007 A1 - Altabet, M. A. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - ASLO Meeting CY - New Orelans, LA N1 - id: 752 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The early history of Long Island Sound T2 - The last deglaciation Y1 - 2006 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. JF - The last deglaciation CY - Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia Univ., NY N1 - id: 1185 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Environmental impact on LIS from the early colonial society T2 - Long Island Sound Research Conference Y1 - 2006 A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - Long Island Sound Research Conference CY - Groton, CT N1 - id: 750 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The formation history of Long Island Sound T2 - Long Island Sound Research Conference Y1 - 2006 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Lewis, R. A1 - Altabet, M. JF - Long Island Sound Research Conference CY - Groton, CT N1 - id: 1187 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The historical fur trade and climate change JF - EOS Y1 - 2006 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. VL - 87 IS - 52 N1 - id: 725 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The late Pleistocene-Holocene history of Long Island Sound T2 - LISRC proceedings Y1 - 2006 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Groner, M. JF - LISRC proceedings N1 - id: 1175 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Long Island Sound - a human dominated estuary T2 - AGU spring meeting, 2006 Y1 - 2006 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. JF - AGU spring meeting, 2006 CY - Baltimore, MD N1 - id: 1186 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mechanism of 15N enrichment in eutrophication-impacted estuaries T2 - ASLO Ocean Sciences meeting Y1 - 2006 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Altabet, M. A. A1 - Thomas, C. R. JF - ASLO Ocean Sciences meeting CY - Honolulu, HI N1 - id: 745 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mercury contamination in Connecticut and Long Island Sound from historic hat-making sources T2 - GSA Annual Meeting Y1 - 2006 A1 - Goldoff, B. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Neupane, A. JF - GSA Annual Meeting CY - Philadelphia, PA N1 - id: 747 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mercury contamination in Long Island Sounds, USA, from the historic hat-making industry T2 - ISEG7 meeting Y1 - 2006 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - ISEG7 meeting CY - Beijing, China N1 - id: 746 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Two ecological shifts in Long Island Sound during the industrial period T2 - Long Island Sound Research Center Y1 - 2006 A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Mecray, E. L. A1 - Buchholtzten-Brink, M. R. L. A1 - Cooper, S. A1 - Brinkhuis, H. A1 - Sangioirgio, F. JF - Long Island Sound Research Center CY - Groton, CT N1 - id: 751 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The American Mediterranean: the influence of human populations on the ecosystem of Long Island Sound T2 - Living on the Edge Y1 - 2005 A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thaler, B. A1 - Sangiorgio, F. JF - Living on the Edge VL - Abstract N1 - id: 1184 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The early geological history of Long Island Sound T2 - AGU Fall meeting Y1 - 2005 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. JF - AGU Fall meeting CY - San Francisco, CA N1 - id: 744 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The environmental history of Long Island Sound with evidence for human impacts T2 - Living on the Edge Symposium Y1 - 2005 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. JF - Living on the Edge Symposium VL - Abstract N1 - id: 743 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Once spilled, still found: metal contamination in Connecticut wetlands and Long Island Sound sediment from historic industries, Chapter 9 T2 - Our Changing Coasts Y1 - 2005 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Mecray, E. L. A1 - Zierzow, T. ED - Visiglione, Whitelaw JF - Our Changing Coasts PB - E. Elgar N1 - id: 724 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Anthropogenic eutrophication of Long Island Sound: effects on diatom communities through time T2 - 7th Biennial Long Island Sound reserach conference proceedings Y1 - 2004 A1 - Cooper, S. R. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Sangiorgio, F. JF - 7th Biennial Long Island Sound reserach conference proceedings N1 - id: 1181 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Anthropogenic influences on benthis foraminiferal faunas in Long Island Sound T2 - 7th Biennial Long Island Sound reserach conference, Program and Abstracts Y1 - 2004 A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thaler, B. A1 - Acosta, Z. JF - 7th Biennial Long Island Sound reserach conference, Program and Abstracts N1 - id: 1183 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benthic foraminifera in the changing ecosystem of Long Island Sound, abstract JF - EOS Trans. AGU Y1 - 2004 A1 - Thaler, B. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. VL - 85 IS - 17 N1 - id: 1182 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The early history of Long Island Sound T2 - 7th Biennial Long Island Sound research conference, Program/Abstracts Y1 - 2004 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Groner, M. JF - 7th Biennial Long Island Sound research conference, Program/Abstracts N1 - id: 741 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The eutrophication of Long Island Sound, abstract JF - EOS Trans. AGU Y1 - 2004 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Lugolobi, F. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Mecray, E. A1 - Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R. VL - 85 IS - 17 N1 - id: 740 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eutrophication of western Long Island Sound JF - GSA Annual Meeting Y1 - 2004 A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Acosta, Z. A1 - Thaler, B. A1 - Cooper, S. A1 - Sangiorgio, F. VL - Abstracts 36 IS - 6 N1 - id: 739 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evidence of historical wet period deposits in central Long Island Sound: source and transport processes based on mercury profiles and sedimentology T2 - 7th biennial Long Island Sound research conference, Program and abstrracts Y1 - 2004 A1 - Carey, D. A. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - 7th biennial Long Island Sound research conference, Program and abstrracts N1 - id: 734 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Fate of mercury in Long Island Sound T2 - Newsday Magazine Y1 - 2004 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - Newsday Magazine ER - TY - CONF T1 - Long Island Sound: diatoms from sediment cores as part of environmental and ecological change studies, abstracts T2 - Mid-Atlantic ecology conference: sustainable landscapes Y1 - 2004 A1 - Cooper, S. R. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - Mid-Atlantic ecology conference: sustainable landscapes CY - Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA N1 - id: 735 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mercury contamination in wetlands T2 - Meeting of the Atlantic Chaopter of the Soc. of Env. Toxicology and Health Y1 - 2004 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - Meeting of the Atlantic Chaopter of the Soc. of Env. Toxicology and Health CY - Rhode Island N1 - id: 742 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mercury in Connecticut and Long Island Sound: impact of historic hatting industries T2 - American Geophyscial Union, Joint Assembly Y1 - 2004 A1 - Bronsther, R. A1 - Welsh, P. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - American Geophyscial Union, Joint Assembly PB - American Geophysical Union (AGU) VL - 85 IS - 17 N1 - id: 733 JO - Mercury in Connecticut and Long Island Sound: impact of historic hatting industries, abstract ER - TY - CONF T1 - Nitrogen isotopic ratio records the eutrophication history of Long Island sound T2 - American Geophyscial Union, Joint Assembly Y1 - 2004 A1 - Altabet, M. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. AB - Increasing coastal population and industrialization has led to the steady degradation of the Long Island Sound (LIS) environment. Increased nutrient loading from sewage inputs has resulted in eutrophication and decreased summertime subsurface oxygen concentration particularly at its western end. It is critical to develop a detailed history of these environmental changes, both to understand causative processes and for design of optimal and cost effective remediation plans. We are developing a detailed time line of environmental changes in LIS over the last few centuries based on the study of geochemical and paleo-ecological proxies in geographically distributed sediment cores. Sediment nitrogen isotopic ratio (d15N) in particular is being used as an indicator of perturbations of the nitrogen biogeochemistry. Higher d15N is expected from sewage inputs as well as from the initiation of subsurface denitrification during low O2 conditions. Contemporary correlation between eutrophication intensity and d15N is seen in sediment core top data which show a substantial 4 per mil increase in d15N going from eastern to western LIS. This observation is consistent with greater nutrient loading toward New York City with its greater coastal population density. Downcore data from a site in western LIS show 4 per mil lower d15N prior to 200 years ago, documenting the point at which significant anthropogenic impact began. Increasing d15N over the last 200 years correlate with productivity proxies and other proxies for anthropogenic influence JF - American Geophyscial Union, Joint Assembly PB - American Geophysical Union (AGU) VL - 85 IS - 17 N1 - id: 732 JO - Nitrogen isotopic ratio records the eutrophication history of Long Island sound, abstract ER - TY - CONF T1 - The paleo-environmental history of Long Island Sound as traced by organic carbon, biogenic silica and stable isotope/trace element studies in sediment cores T2 - 6th Biennual LIS Res. Conf. Proc. Y1 - 2004 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Lugolobi, F. A1 - Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R. JF - 6th Biennual LIS Res. Conf. Proc. N1 - id: 1174 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Paleoproductivity indicators in Long Island Sound T2 - American Geophyscial Union, Joint Assembly Y1 - 2004 A1 - Andersen, N. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. AB - Oxygen depletion in bottom waters is considered to be the most pressing environmental problem affecting Long Island Sound (LIS). Summer anoxia occurs as a result of two factors: 1) Stratification of the water column due to warming of the shallow water preventing mixing and thus homogeneous distribution of oxygen. 2) Eutrophication resulting in increased primary productivity leading to a greater oxygen demand in the bottom waters as the larger amount of organic matter decays. The goal of this project is to create a paleoproductivity record for LIS and to attempt to link recent increases in productivity with anthropogenic nutrient sources, most notably wastewater treatment plant effluent. Two cores, WLIS-75 from the western narrows and B1GGC1 from near the mouth of the Housatonic River, have been analyzed for biogenic silica (BSi), total carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. The BSi data was obtained through analyses of timed sequential extracts from an alkaline solution that reacted with the sediment at 85 C. Sediment densities were calculated from measured core water contents and assumed dry rock densities. A preliminary age model was developed using the onset of mercury pollution (about 1820 AD) as a reference point. At around 1800, the C, N, S and BSi concentrations all start to increase. In WLIS-75, BSi was higher throughout the core compared to core B1GGC1, suggesting an overall higher rate of productivity in the western section of LIS. In both cores the mass accumulation rates of BSi, C, N, and S increased exponentially over the last 300 years. A coarse layer was deposited around 1950-1960 in core WLIS-75, and is marked by abundant coarse debris of rocks and coal fragments. This layer may represent a flood deposit or stem from local (illegal?) dumping; its presence impacts the data for the last 30-40 years of the core. A strong correlation between total S and total C is observed, suggesting that Sulfide formation is limited by the amount of labile organic matter present. The data from the two cores show strong evidence for eutrophication over the last 200 years, with a strong increase in the N supply. JF - American Geophyscial Union, Joint Assembly PB - American Geophysical Union (AGU) VL - 85 IS - 17 N1 - id: 1180 JO - Paleoproductivity indicators in Long Island Sound, abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiocarbon studies of Long Island Sound sediments JF - EOS Trans. AGU Y1 - 2004 A1 - Groner, M. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. VL - 85 IS - 17 N1 - id: 737 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The urban sea: anthropogenic influences on benthic foraminifera in Long Island Sound T2 - IGC 32 Y1 - 2004 A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thaler, B. A1 - Groner, M. JF - IGC 32 CY - Florence, Italy N1 - id: 738 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The use of stable carbon isotopes in foraminiferal calcite to trace changes in biological oxygen demand in Long Island Sound T2 - 6th Biennual LIS Res. Conf. Proc. Y1 - 2004 A1 - Lugolobi, F. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R. JF - 6th Biennual LIS Res. Conf. Proc. N1 - id: 723 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Western Long Island Sound: evidence from diatom studies of eutrophication and environmental change in the 19th centure T2 - AERS fall meeting Y1 - 2004 A1 - Cooper, S. R. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Sangiorgio, F. JF - AERS fall meeting CY - New Jersey Meadowland Commission, Lyndhurst, NJ N1 - id: 736 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Carbon cycling in Long Island Sound over the last 1000 years T2 - AGU, Fall meeting Y1 - 2003 A1 - Lugolobi, F. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Buchholtz ten Brink, M. L. A1 - Mecray, E. JF - AGU, Fall meeting CY - San Francisco, CA N1 - id: 1179 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury contamination chronologies from Connecticut wetlands and Long Island Sound sediments JF - Environmental Geology Y1 - 2003 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Kreulen, B. A1 - ten Brink, M. R. B. A1 - Mecray, E. L. AB - Sediment cores were used to investigate the mercury deposition histories of Connecticut and Long Island Sound. Most cores show background (pre-1800s) concentrations (50-100 ppb Hg) below 30-50 cm depth, strong enrichments up to 500 ppb Hg in the core tops, with lower Hg concentrations in the surface sediments (200-300 ppb Hg). A sediment core from the Housatonic River has peak levels of 1,500 ppb Hg, indicating the presence of a Hg point source in this watershed. The Hg records were translated into Hg contamination chronologies through Pb-210 dating. The onset of Hg contamination occurred in similar to1840-1850 in eastern Connecticut, whereas in the Housatonic River the onset is dated at around 1820. The mercury accumulation profiles show periods of peak contamination at around 1900 and at 1950-1970. Peak Hg* (Hg* = Hg measured minus Hg background) accumulation rates in the salt marshes vary; dependent on the sediment character, between 8 and 44 ng Hg/cm(2) per year, whereas modern Hg* accumulation rates range from 4-17 ng Hg/cm(2) per year; time-averaged Hg* accumulation rates are 15 ng Hg/cm(2) per year. These Hg* accumulation rates in sediments are higher than the observed Hg atmospheric deposition rates (about 1-2 ng Hg/cm(2) per year), indicating that contaminant Hg from the watershed is focused into the coastal zone. The Long Island Sound cores show similar Hg profiles as the marsh cores, but time-averaged Hg* accumulation rates are higher than in the marshes (26 ng Hg/cm(2) a year) because of-the different sediment characteristics. In-situ atmospheric deposition of Hg in the marshes and in Long Island Sound is only a minor component of the total Hg budget. The 1900 peak of Hg contamination is most likely related to climatic factors (the wet period of the early 1900s) and the 1950-1970 peak was caused by strong anthropogenic Hg emissions at that time. Spatial trends in total Hg burdens in cores are largely related to sedimentary parameters (amount of clay) except for the high inventories of the Housatonic River, which are related to Hg releases from hat-making in the town of Danbury. Much of the contaminated sediment transport in the Housatonic River Basin occurs during floods; creating distinct layers of Hg-contaminated sediment in western Long Island Sound. The drop of about 40% in Hg accumulation rates between the 1960s and 1990s seems largely the result of reduced Hg emissions and to a much lesser extent of climatic factors. VL - 43 IS - 3 N1 - 643lmTimes Cited:22Cited References Count:45 JO - Mercury contamination chronologies from Connecticut wetlands and Long Island Sound sediments ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Muckrakers discover history in Long Island Sound T2 - New York Times Y1 - 2003 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - New York Times CY - New York, NY ER - TY - CONF T1 - The paleo environmental history of Long Island Sound, Abstract T2 - Long Island Sound Lobster Research meeting Y1 - 2003 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Buchholtz ten Brink, M. F. A1 - Altabet, M. A1 - Cooper, S. JF - Long Island Sound Lobster Research meeting CY - Groton, CT N1 - id: 1178 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Benthic foraminifera in Long Island Sound as indicators of eutrophication T2 - GSA Annual meeting Y1 - 2002 A1 - Abramson, I. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R. JF - GSA Annual meeting CY - Denver, CO N1 - id: 731 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Eutrophication of Long Island Sound as traced by benthic foraminifera T2 - Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference Y1 - 2002 A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Abramson, I. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R. JF - Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference CY - Groton, CT N1 - id: 727 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The historical record of water quality in Long Island Sound T2 - Long Island Sound workshop Y1 - 2002 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Mecray, E. L. A1 - Buchholtz ten Brink, M. F. JF - Long Island Sound workshop PB - Batelle Laboratories CY - Groton, CT N1 - id: 726 ER - TY - MPCT T1 - Mercury from hatting industry in Connecticut Y1 - 2002 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. CY - USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mercury in Connecticut and Long Island Sound sediment T2 - Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference Y1 - 2002 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R. JF - Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference CY - Groton, CT N1 - id: 729 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Mercury issues from old industries Y1 - 2002 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. CY - Chicago, IL ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Mercury legacy from hatmaking in Danbury, CT T2 - Hartford Courant Y1 - 2002 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - Hartford Courant CY - Hartford, CT ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paleoceanographic proxies in Long Island Sound, CT, USA JF - Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta Y1 - 2002 A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Lugolobi, F. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. VL - 66 SN - 0016-7037 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000177423401511 IS - 15a N1 - Suppl. 1583rx Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:0 JO - Geochim Cosmochim Ac ER - TY - CONF T1 - Paleoenvironmental history of Long Island Sound T2 - Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference AGU Fall Meeting Y1 - 2002 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Lugolobi, F. A1 - Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R. JF - Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference AGU Fall Meeting CY - Groton, CT San Francisco, CA N1 - id: 1177 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Sea level rise in Long Island Sound over the last millennium T2 - Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference AGU Fall meeting Y1 - 2002 A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. JF - Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference AGU Fall meeting CY - Groton, CT San Francisco, CA N1 - id: 728 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The use of carbon isotopes to trace changes in biological oxygen demand in Long Island Sound T2 - Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference Y1 - 2002 A1 - Lugolobi, F. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - Thomas, E. JF - Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference CY - Groton, CT N1 - id: 730 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Marsh accretion and relative sea level rise since AD 1000 T2 - Geological Society of America, 1995 annual meeting Y1 - 1995 A1 - Varekamp, J. C. A1 - E, Thoma JF - Geological Society of America, 1995 annual meeting PB - Geological Society of America (GSA) Boulder, CO, USA CY - New Orleans, LA, USA VL - 27 N1 - id: 1290; 6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Sea-Level Rise Curve from Guilford, Connecticut, USA JF - Marine Geology Y1 - 1995 A1 - Nydick, K. R. A1 - Bidwell, A. B. A1 - Thomas, E. A1 - Varekamp, J. C. AB - High-resolution stratigraphic studies based on sediment chemistry, lithology, macroflora, and benthic foraminiferal assemblages in three peat cores from coastal salt marshes at Guilford, Connecticut, show that coastal marshes are ephemeral environments. Marsh-wide environmental variations were common, and century-long episodes of relative submergence alternated with emergence. Despite about 2 m of relative sea-level rise (RSLR) in Connecticut over the last 1500 years, the marshes have expanded both landwards and seawards, and marsh accretion has been outpaced only marginally by RSLR.We used radiocarbon dating and the level of anthropogenic markers (metal pollution, as dated with Pb-210) in the cores for age control. For most of the last 1000 years the rate of RSLR was between 1.3 and 1.8 mm/yr, but over the last 300-400 years it increased to 2.9-3.3 mm/yr, and has been faster than the accretion rate, especially in the middle marsh. The net-submergence rate or ''submergence index'' (ratio of the rate of RSLR and marsh-accretion rate) averaged about 1.15 over the last 1000 years, and increased to about 1.5 over the last 200 years.The rate of RSLR was very sluggish during the early part of the Little Ice Age, but we found a slightly higher rate during the Little Climate Optimum; this excursion is close to the noise level, however. The most significant observation is that RSLR increased strongly around A.D. 1650. The onset of this acceleration falls in the middle to end of the Little Ice Age, and thus preceded the period of modern global warming that started late last century and that has been tentatively correlated with anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. VL - 124 IS - 1-4 N1 - Rl477Times Cited:71Cited References Count:81 JO - A Sea-Level Rise Curve from Guilford, Connecticut, USA ER -