TY - MAP T1 - Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of scarps of the Lake Creek-Boundary Creek fault between the Elwha River and Siebert Creek, Clallam County, Washington Y1 - 2007 A1 - Nelson, A. R. A1 - Personius, S. F. A1 - Buck, Jason A1 - Bradley, L. A. A1 - Wells, R. E. A1 - Schermer, E. R. JF - U. S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004 N1 - id: 433 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for Late Holocene earthquakes on the Utsalady Point Fault, northern puget lowland, Washington JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Y1 - 2004 A1 - Johnson, S. Y. A1 - Nelson, A. R. A1 - Personius, S. F. A1 - Wells, R. E. A1 - Kelsey, H. N. A1 - Sherrod, B. L. A1 - Okumura, K. A1 - Koehler, R. A1 - Witter, R. C. A1 - Bradley, L. A. A1 - Harding, D. J. AB - Trenches across the Utsalady Point fault in the northern Puget Lowland of Washington reveal evidence of at least one and probably two late Holocene earthquakes. The "Teeka"' and "Duffers" trenches were located along a 1.4-km-long. 1- to 4-m-high, northwest-trending, southwest-facing. topographic scarp recognized from Airborne Laser Swath Mapping. Glaciomarine drift exposed in the trenches reveals evidence of about 95 to 150 cm of vertical and 200 to 220 cm of left-lateral slip in the Teeka trench. Radiocarbon ages from a buried soil A horizon and overlying slope colluvium alone, with the historical record of earthquakes suggest that this faulting occurred 100 to 400 calendar years B.P. (A.D. 1550 to 1850). In the Duffers trench, 370 to 450 cm of vertical separation is accommodated by faulting (similar to210 cm) and folding (similar to160 to 240 cm), with probable but undetermined amounts of lateral slip. Stratigraphic relations and radiocarbon ages from buried soil, colluvium. and fissure fill in the hanging wall suggest the deformation at Duffers is most likely from two earthquakes that occurred between 100 to 500 and 1100 to 2200 calendar years B.P., but deformation during a single earthquake is also possible. For the two-earthquake hypothesis, deformation at Teeka trench in the first event involved folding but not faulting. Regional relations suggest that the earthquake(s) were M greater than or equal to similar to6.7 and that offshore rupture may have produced tsunamis. Based on this investigation and related recent studies, the maximum recurrence interval for large ground-rupturing crustal-fault earthquakes in the Puget Lowland is about 400 to 600 years or less. VL - 94 IS - 6 N1 - 887giTimes Cited:18Cited References Count:46 JO - Evidence for Late Holocene earthquakes on the Utsalady Point Fault, northern puget lowland, Washington ER - TY - MAP T1 - Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of the Waterman Point fault, Kitsap County, Washington Y1 - 2003 A1 - Nelson, A. R. A1 - Johnson, S. Y. A1 - Kelsey, S. K. A1 - Wells, R. E. A1 - Sherrod, B. L. A1 - Bradley, L. A. A1 - Okumura, K. A1 - Bogar, R. JF - U. S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies N1 - id: 429 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Late Holocene earthquakes on the Toe Jam Hill fault, Seattle fault zone, Bainbridge Island, Washington JF - Geological Society of America Bulletin Y1 - 2003 A1 - Nelson, A. R. A1 - Johnson, S. Y. A1 - Kelsey, H. M. A1 - Wells, R. E. A1 - Sherrod, B. L. A1 - Pezzopane, S. K. A1 - Bradley, L. A. A1 - Koehler, R. D. A1 - Bucknam, R. C. AB - Five trenches across a Holocene fault scarp yield the first radiocarbon-measured earthquake recurrence intervals for a crustal fault in western Washington. The scarp, the first to be revealed by laser imagery, marks the Toe Jam Hill fault, a north-dipping backthrust to the Seattle fault. Folded and faulted strata, liquefaction features, and forest soil A horizons buried by hanging-wall-collapse colluvium record three, or possibly four, earthquakes between 2500 and 1000 yr ago. The most recent earthquake is probably the 1050-1020 cal. (calibrated) yr B.P. (A.D. 900930) earthquake that raised marine terraces and triggered a tsunami in Puget Sound. Vertical deformation estimated from strati-graphic and surface offsets at trench sites suggests late Holocene earthquake magnitudes near M7, corresponding to surface ruptures >36 km long. Deformation features recording poorly understood latest Pleistocene earthquakes suggest that they were smaller than late Holocene earthquakes. Postglacial earthquake recurrence intervals based on 97 radiocarbon ages, most on detrital charcoal, range from similar to12,000 yr to as little as a century or less; corresponding fault-slip rates are 0.2 mm/ yr for the past 16,000 yr and 2 mm/yr for the past 2500 yr. Because the Toe Jam Hill fault is a backthrust to the Seattle fault, it may not have ruptured during every earthquake on the Seattle fault. But the earthquake history of the Toe Jam Hill fault is at least a partial proxy for the history of the rest of the Seattle fault zone. VL - 115 IS - 11 N1 - 740qwTimes Cited:41Cited References Count:53 JO - Late Holocene earthquakes on the Toe Jam Hill fault, Seattle fault zone, Bainbridge Island, Washington ER - TY - MAP T1 - Map and data for Quaternary faults and folds in Washington State Y1 - 2003 A1 - Lidke, D. J. A1 - Johnson, S. Y. A1 - McCory, P. A. A1 - Personius, S. F. A1 - Nelson, A. R. A1 - Dart, R. L. A1 - Bradley, L. A. A1 - Haller, K. M. A1 - Machette, M. N. JF - Geological Survey Open-File Report N1 - id: 997 ER - TY - MAP T1 - Maps and data from a trench investigation of the Utsalady Point fault, Whidbey Island, Washington Y1 - 2003 A1 - Johnson, S. Y. A1 - Nelson, A. R. A1 - Personius, S. F. A1 - Wells, R. E. A1 - Kelsey, H. M. A1 - Sherrod, B. L. A1 - Okumura, K. A1 - Koehler, R., III A1 - Witter, R. C. A1 - Bradley, L. A. A1 - Harding, D. J. JF - U. S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies N1 - id: 996 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of the Toe Jam Hill fault, Bainbridge Island, Washington JF - U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Y1 - 2002 A1 - Nelson, A. R. A1 - Johnson, S. Y. A1 - Wells, R. E. A1 - Kelsey, H. M. A1 - Pezzopane, S. K. A1 - Sherrod, B. L. A1 - Bradley, L. A. A1 - Iii, Koehler R. D. A1 - Bucknam, R. C. A1 - Haugerud, R. A. A1 - LaPrade, W. T. VL - 02-60 N1 - id: 428 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field and Laboratory data from an earthquake history study of the Toe Jam Hill fault, Bainbridge Island, Washington JF - U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-60 Y1 - 2002 A1 - Nelson, A. R. A1 - Johnson, S. Y. A1 - Wells, R. E. A1 - Pezzopane, S. K. A1 - Kelsey, H. M. A1 - Sherrod, B. L. A1 - Bradley, L. A. A1 - Koehler, R. D., III A1 - Bucknam, R. C. A1 - Haugerud, R. A. A1 - LaPrade, W. T. N1 - id: 259 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postglacial and Late Holocene earthquakes on the Toe Jam strand of the Seattle fault, Bainbridge Island Washington JF - Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs Y1 - 2000 A1 - Nelson, A. R. A1 - Johnson, S. Y. A1 - Pezzopane, S. K. A1 - Wells, R. E. A1 - Kelsey, H. M. A1 - Sherrod, B. L. A1 - Koehler, R. D. A1 - Bradley, L. A. A1 - Bucknam, R. C. A1 - LaPrade, W. T. A1 - Cox, J. W. A1 - Narwold, C. F. VL - 32 N1 - id: 258 ER -