TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence of Gulf Stream separation during the Last Glacial Period: Implications for current separation theories JF - Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans Y1 - 2003 A1 - Matsumoto, K. A1 - Lynch-Stieglitz, J. KW - cape-hatteras KW - deep-ocean KW - gulf stream separation KW - Last glacial maximum KW - marine sediment cores KW - north-atlantic KW - Ocean circulation KW - oxygen isotope composition KW - oxygen isotopic composition KW - past 21,000 years KW - planktonic foraminifera KW - planktonic-foraminifera KW - SARGASSO SEA KW - western boundary current KW - western boundary undercurrent KW - wind-driven AB - [1] We present stable oxygen isotope ratio (delta(18)O) measurements on deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from the western margin of the North Atlantic in order to reconstruct the latitude at which the Gulf Stream separated from the western boundary of the Atlantic Ocean in the past. The modern separation latitude can be reconstructed within one degree from delta(18)O measured on the fossil shells of deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera Globorotalia truncatulinoides from the Holocene sediments representing the past 10,000 years of mild climate conditions similar to today. The separation latitude is captured in a sharp delta(18)O gradient, which reflects the prominent hydrographic change across the boundary between the warm waters south and east of the Gulf Stream and the cold Slope Water to the north. The latitudinal delta(18)O profile from approximately the Last Glacial Maximum shows that the Gulf Stream separated from the coast near Cape Hatteras at almost the same latitude as it does today. We assess our finding in light of existing Gulf Stream separation theories and conclude that one of the theories, the wind-induced separation mechanism, is not consistent with our paleoceanographic reconstruction. VL - 108 SN - 0148-0227 IS - C6 N1 - 690nvTimes Cited:14 Cited References Count:56 JO - J Geophys Res-Oceans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Ocean Margins Program: an interdisciplinary study of carbon sources, transformations, and sinks in a temperate continental margin system JF - Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography Y1 - 2002 A1 - Verity, P. G. A1 - Bauer, J. E. A1 - Flagg, C. N. A1 - DeMaster, D. J. A1 - Repeta, D. J. KW - cape-hatteras KW - chesapeake bay KW - co2 fluxes KW - coastal zone KW - dissolved organic-carbon KW - gulf-stream KW - middle atlantic bight KW - north-carolina KW - slope sediments KW - united-states AB - The cycling of carbon on the US east coast shelf and upper slope has been studied for 20 years in a variety of interdisciplinary programs focused on the, Mid and South Atlantic Bights. The culmination of this research was a comprehensive field study conducted in 1996 to ascertain whether the Cape Hatteras shelf was a net source or sink for atmospheric CO(2), and the associated transformations and pathways of inorganic and organic carbon. The rationale, objectives, design, and overview of the Ocean Margins Program are given here as a framework to interpret the results of the papers presented in this special issue. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. VL - 49 SN - 0967-0645 IS - 20 N1 - 607kxTimes Cited:26 Cited References Count:96 JO - Deep-Sea Res Pt Ii ER -